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	Charlemagne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charlemagne was the eldest child of Pippin the Short (714 – 24 September 768, reigned from 751) and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720 – 12 July 783), daughter of Caribert of Laon and Bertrada of Cologne.
		Thus, Charlemagne's assumption of the title of Augustus, Constantine, and Justinian was not an usurpation in the eyes of the Franks or Italians.
		Charlemagne's marriage and relationship politics and ethics did, however, result in a fairly large number of descendants, all of whom had far better life expectancies than is usually the case for children in that time period.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charlemagne (7432 words)

	Charlemagne
		Charlemagne had married the daughter of the Lombard king Desiderius in 770 to maintain an alliance with the former enemy of the Franks.
		During Charlemagne's reign, some of these foot soldiers formed the beginnings of the medieval mounted knights and fought from horseback with long swords that were superior to other countries' weapons of the period.
		Charlemagne did not maintain his army full-time; rather, he called his soldiers from their farms and towns on a seasonal basis, usually in the spring, to conduct campaigns lasting three to six months.
	www.carpenoctem.tv /military/charlemagne.html (965 words)

	Charlemagne Genealogy and History
		Charlemagne was born probably in Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), on April 2, 742, the son of the Frankish king Pepin the Short and the grandson of Charles Martel.
		Charlemagne's biographer, Einhard, reported that the king was surprised by this coronation and that had he known it was going to happen, he would not have gone into the church that day.
		Charlemagne is important not only for the number of his victories and the size of his empire, but for the special blend of tradition and innovation that he represented.
	www.acadian-home.org /charlemagne.html (832 words)

	Charlemagne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charlemagne's reign is often referred to as Carolingian Renaissance because of the flowering of scholarship art and architecture.
		Charlemagne's marriage and relationship politics and ethics did however result in a fairly number of descendants all of whom had better life expectancies than is usually the for children in that time period.
		Charlemagne's reign was a brief flash of light in the dark centuries that followed the collapse of the Roman empire.
	www.freeglossary.com /Charlemagne (1380 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Charlemagne is said to have been surprised by the coronation, declaring that he would not have come into the church had he known the pope's plan.
		Charlemagne was the elder son of Bertrade ("Bertha Greatfoot") and Pepin the Short, first "mayor of the palace" to become king of the Franks.
		Charlemagne had deep sympathy for the peasants and believed that government should be for the benefit of the governed.
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/charlemagne.html (1482 words)

	Charlemagne - MSN Encarta
		Charlemagne’s close alliance with the popes, the leaders of the Roman Catholic Church, also established a precedent for subsequent ties between medieval popes and kings.
		Charlemagne was born about 742, the elder son of the Frankish leader Pepin the Short.
		During his father’s reign, Charlemagne accompanied the Frankish army on campaigns to defend the pope against the Lombards, a Germanic people who controlled northern and central Italy, and on missions to conquer the region of Aquitaine in what is now southern France.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761571217 (651 words)

	Charlemagne. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The end of Charlemagne’s reign was troubled by the raids of Norse and Danes (see Norsemen), so Charlemagne took vigorous measures for the construction of a fleet, which his successors neglected.
		Charlemagne’s court at Aachen was the center of an intellectual renaissance.
		Charlemagne’s creation (or re-creation) of an empire was the basis of the theory of the Holy Roman Empire; it was his example that Napoleon I had in mind when he tried to assume his succession in 1804.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Charlema.html (896 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Carolingian Schools
		With the accession of Charlemagne (768) a scheme of educational reform was inaugurated, first in the palace school itself, and later in the various schools established or reformed by imperial decrees throughout the vast empire over which Charlemagne reigned.
		Charlemagne was not content with securing for his palace school the services of the ablest teacher of that cage.
		From the wording of the capitulary of 787, it is clear that Charlemagne intended to introduce the reform of education into all the cathedral and monastic schools of the empire.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03349c.htm (2045 words)

	Charlemagne's Biography
		Charlemagne besieged and took Pavia, assumed the crown of Lombardy, confirmed the Donation of Pepin, and accepted the role of protector of the Church in all her temporal powers.
		Charlemagne was profusely generous to the Church; at the same time he made himself her master, and used her doctrines and personnel as instruments of education and government.
		Charlemagne and his advisers conceived of his new authority as a revival of the old imperial power; only with Otto I was the distinctively new character of the regime recognized; and it became “holy”only when Frederick Barbarossa introduced the word sacrum into his title in 1155.
	www.chronique.com /Library/MedHistory/charlemagne.htm (4471 words)

	Reportret: Charlemagne
		Charlemagne (*742–†814 ce) was king of the Franks since 768 ce, from 774 ce king of the Lombards too, and in 800 ce he was crowned emperor and Augustus by the pope.
		The reproduction of the eyebrows, the eyes, and the nose was inspired by a portrait of Louis the Pious (a son of Charlemagne).
		In the reconstruction Charlemagne is deliberately not represented with an orb or a sceptre.
	www.reportret.info /gallery/charlemagne1.html (1727 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Charlemagne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		CHARLEMAGNE [Charlemagne] (Charles the Great or Charles I) [O.Fr.,=Charles the great], 742?-814, emperor of the West (800-814), Carolingian king of the Franks (768-814).
		At Carloman's death (771), young Charlemagne annexed his brother's lands, disinheriting Carloman's two young sons, who fled with their mother to the court of Desiderius, king of the Lombards.
		Charlemagne's creation (or re-creation) of an empire was the basis of the theory of the Holy Roman Empire ; it was his example that Napoleon I had in mind when he tried to assume his succession in 1804.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Charlema.asp (963 words)

	Lecture 20: Charlemagne and the Carolingian Renaissance
		Charlemagne devoted his entire reign to blending these three elements into one kingdom and by doing this, he secured a foundation upon which European society would develop.
		Charlemagne became the first emperor in the west since the last Roman emperor was deposed in 476.
		Charlemagne's biographer, Einhard (c.770-840), has recorded that Charlemagne was not very much interested in Pope Leo's offering.
	www.historyguide.org /ancient/lecture20b.html (3637 words)

	CHARLEMAGNE
		Charlemagne also sent missi dominici, high-ranking agents of the central government, from the court to see that his orders, often cast in the form of capitularies (ordinances divided into capitula, or chapters), were enforced.
		Charlemagne's concern for administration and his interest in seeing the church function effectively led him to encourage a rudimentary educational system based in monasteries.
		Charlemagne has been credited with great political and humanitarian vision and a devout religious bent; as a result, some have been led to think of his military ventures as crusades.
	www.charlemagne.org /krslch.html (1100 words)

	Royalty.nu - The Carolingian Empire - Charlemagne and His Heirs
		Charlemagne was a devoted father, and he had a large family: three sons and three daughters by Hildegarde, two daughters by Fastrada, and at least seven other children by various women.
		Charlemagne, reigning over his vast empire in West Europe, was in many ways a successor to the emperors of the Western Roman Empire.
		Charlemagne's Heir: New Perspectives on the Reign of Louis the Pious by Peter Godman and Roger Collins.
	www.royalty.nu /history/empires/Carolingian.html (2984 words)

	Everyone is Descended From Charlemagne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charlemagne was approximately 40 generations back from the present day.
		Of course, since the entire male population of Europe at the time of Charlemagne was only about 15 million, these half trillion ancestors cannot all have been different men -- obviously there has been a lot of cross-breeding, and many of our ancestral lines cross and re-cross, eventually ending up at the same person.
		(Charlemagne has well-documented descendants down to the present day.) More generally, wealthy people survived at a far higher rate than the rest of the population, and so were much more likely to produce descendants - thus one's ancestors are more likely to be found among the relatively small population of royalty and nobility, including Charlemagne.
	www.oz.net /~lee/Genealogy/charlemagne.html (651 words)

	Charlemagne, Emperor Of Holy_Roman_Empir, [King of the Fra (02 Apr 0742 - 28 Jan 0814)
		Charlemagne, Emperor Of The Holy Roman Empire, King of the Franks was king of the Franks from AD 768 to 814 and 'Emperor of the Romans' from 800 to 814.
		Charlemagne was the son of Pepin the Short, and the grandson of Charles Martel.
		Charlemagne's greatest contribution was his work as a patron of culture and extender of civilization.
	www.smokykin.com /ged/f001/f98/a0019837.htm (750 words)

	Charlemagne
		Arguably the founder of the Frankish Empire in Western Europe, Charlemagne was the elder son of Pepin the Short (714 - September 24, 768, reigned 751 - 768, the brother of the Lady Bertha (mother of Roland), the first Carolingian king, and his wife Bertrada of Laon (720 - July 12, 783).
		Charlemagne's reign is often referred to as the Carolingian Renaissance because of the flowering of scholarship, literature, art and architecture.
		One of the great medieval literature cycles, the Charlemagne cycle or Matter of France, centers around the deeds of Charlemagne's historical commander of the Breton border, Roland, and the paladins who served as a counterpart to the knights of the Round Table; their tales were first told in the chansons de geste.
	www.themiddleages.net /people/charlemagne.html (903 words)

	Charlemagne \| King of the Franks \| Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
		In 768, when Charlemagne was 26, he and his younger brother Carloman inherited the kingdom of the Franks.
		On Christmas Day in 800, while Charlemagne knelt in prayer in Saint Peter's in Rome, Pope Leo III placed a golden crown on the bowed head of the king.
		Thoughtout his conquests, Charlemagne was responsible for the death of masses of people who refused to accept Christianity, or their new king.
	www.lucidcafe.com /library/96apr/charlemagne.html (666 words)

	Charlemagne - Christian Emperor of the Franks
		Dressing simply, Charlemagne wore the garb of the commoners with only a few vestiges of royalty such as edging of silk on his woolen tunic or an ermine vest in the winter.
		Charlemagne became the king of the Franks in 769.
		When Charlemagne, traveling back to France from the campaign, marched his army through the Pyrenees, the treacherous Basques who lived there ambushed his army in a narrow pass, killing several of Charlemagne's commanders as well as soldiers.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b2charlemagne.htm (933 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Charlemagne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charlemagne CHARLEMAGNE [Charlemagne] (Charles the Great or Charles I) [O.FrCharles the great], 742?-814, emperor of the West (800-814), Carolingian king of the Franks (768-814).
		Verdun, Treaty of VERDUN, TREATY OF [Verdun, Treaty of] the partition of Charlemagne's empire among three sons of Louis I, emperor of the West.
		Ogier the Dane OGIER THE DANE [Ogier the Dane], in the chansons de geste, a paladin of Charlemagne.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/02567.html (568 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Charlemagne
		Charlemagne's career led to his acknowledgment by the Holy See as its chief protector and coadjutor in temporals, by Constantinople as at least Basileus of the West.
		The period of Charlemagne was also an epoch of reform for the Church in Gaul, and of foundation for the Church in Germany, marked, moreover, by an efflorescence of learning which fructified in the great Christian schools of the twelfth and later centuries.
		Weiss (Weltgesch., 11, 549) enumerates fifty-three distinct campaigns of Charlemagne; of these it is possible to point to only twelve or fourteen which were not undertaken principally or entirely in execution of his mission as the soldier and protector of the Church.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03610c.htm (7036 words)

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