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Topic: Charles Alexandre de Calonne

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	Calonne Charles Alexandre De: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Lamoignon de Malesherbes: Defender and Reformer of the French Monarchy, 1721-1794
		Calonne discovered that France had a debt...tax increases and spending cuts, Calonne fled into gimmicks: a lottery...
		Neckers successors, Charles Alexandre de Calonne (1783 87) and Etienne Charles Lomenie de Brienne (1787 88), were unable to ward off bankruptcy.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/calonne_charles_alexandre_de.jsp (973 words)

	Charles Alexandre De Calonne - LoveToKnow 1911
		CHARLES ALEXANDRE DE CALONNE (1734-1802), French statesman, was born at Douai of a good family.
		The joy was general in Paris, where Calonne, accused of wishing to augment the imposts, was known as "Monsieur Deficit." In reality his audacious plan of reforms, which Necker took up later, might have saved the monarchy had it been firmly seconded by the king.
		Calonne soon afterwards passed over to England, and during his residence there kept up a polemical correspondence with Necker on the finances.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Charles_Alexandre_De_Calonne (547 words)

	Charles Alexandre de Calonne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles Alexandre de Calonne, portrait by Marie Louise Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun.
		Charles Alexandre, vicomte de Calonne (1734 - October 30, 1802) was a French statesman.
		However, King Louis XVI disliked Calonne, and, according to the Habsburg ambassador, his public image was extremely poor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne (536 words)

	Charles-Alexandre de Calonne (1734-1802)
		Calonne essaya de se justifier, en disant qu'appelé un jour chez la ministre de la justice, il avait oublié un portefeuille dans lequel cette lettre était renfermée: cette justification parut faible.
		Calonne en fit remonter l'origine jusqu'au ministère de Terray, prétendit qu'il était dès lors de 40,000,000, qu'il s'était augmenté depuis 1776 jusqu'en 1783 d'une somme égale, et convint enfin de l'avoir accru lui même de 35,000,000 jusqu'à la fin de 1786.
		Calonne combat toutes les opérations de son successeur ; il essaye dans d’en démontrer au roi les funestes conséquences ; il finit en annonçant le projet qu’il formait lui-même de venir se présenter comme candidat aux états généraux.
	www.abbe-papon.net /calonne.html (3114 words)

	Charles Alexandre de Calonne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In "Les Rues de Paris" she was responsible for the information about the Rue de Temple et de Faubourg du Temple, and she participated in “Les environs de Paris”.
		Charles Alexandre de Calonne became Minister of Finance under Louis XVI in 1783, when France was weighed down by immense debts.
		In his rambles through several European countries Calonne still played a lot of draughts, but he could not really enjoy it anymore, his opponent always was the man on his way to the square where he had a meeting with death.
	www.draughtshistory.nl /polishcalonne.htm (816 words)

	Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution . Famous Faces . Pass the Buck Chuck: Charles-Alexandre de Calonne \| PBS
		Born into the nobility of the robe or judicial nobility in 1734, Charles-Alexandre de Calonne was the son of the First President of the Parlement of Flanders, in eastern France.
		Calonne was a protégé of Artois, the King's brother, and Marie Antoinette, and was in general allied with their faction at court.
		Calonne was dismissed from office in 1787 and replaced by one of his own critics, Loménie de Brienne, who lasted in power for only a year.
	www.pbs.org /marieantoinette/faces/calonne.html (474 words)

	Reference - Charles Alexandre De Calonne
		Charles Alexandre de Calonne (1734 - October 30, 1802) was a France statesman.
		He owed the position to Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes, who for over three years continued to support him, but the king was disliked him, and, according to the Austrian ambassador, his public image was extremely poor.
		The joy was general in Paris, where Calonne, accused of wishing to augment the imposts, was known as Monsieur Deficit.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Abashiri2781/charles-alexandre-de-calonne-reference.html (466 words)

	The pre-Revolution
		Calonne assumed that as soon as he had explained the financial situation to them, their patriotism and sense of fiscal responsibility would lead them to approve his reforms.
		However, the Notables did not trust Calonne's explanation for the origins of the deficit, and demanded that they be allowed to inspect the relevant financial records.
		Calonne's successor was the Archbishop of Toulose, Loménie de Brienne.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006257/revolution/pre_revolution.shtml (690 words)

	French Revolution - MSN Encarta
		Charles Alexandre de Calonne was appointed minister of finance in 1783, and three years later he proposed a new general plan resembling Turgot’s.
		To pressure the parlements into accepting the plan, Calonne decided to gain prior approval of it from an Assembly of Notables—a group of hand-picked dignitaries he thought would sympathize with his views.
		Despite a public appeal for support, Calonne was fired and replaced by Loménie de Brienne in April 1787.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557826_2/French_Revolution.html (1254 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles Alexandre de Calonne (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Charles Alexandre de Calonne[shArl AleksAN´dru du kAlOn´] Pronunciation Key, 1734–1802, French statesman, controller general of finances (1783–87).
		To gain support, Calonne had King Louis XVI call an Assembly of Notables, but the Assembly (1787) refused to consider Calonne's proposals and criticized him bitterly.
		Dismissed and replaced by Etienne Charles LomEnie de Brienne, Calonne fled (1787) to England, where he stayed until 1802.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Calonne.html (271 words)

	CHARLES ALEXANDRE DE C... - Online Information article about CHARLES ALEXANDRE DE C...
		Calonne was summoned to take the general See also:
		This suppression of privileges was badly received by the privileged notables.
		Stourm, Les Finances de l'ancien regime et de la Revolution (a vols., Paris, 1885); Susane, La Tactique financilre de Calonne, with bibliography (Paris, 1902).
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CAL_CAR/CALONNE_CHARLES_ALEXANDRE_DE_17.html (987 words)

	Illustrious People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The son of a magistrate of Douai, Calonne held various posts in French Flanders and in Artois before becoming intendant of Metz (1768) and of Lille (1774).
		Calonne reconstituted a sinking fund (1784) to pay off the debt, and in 1785 he reformed the gold coinage.
		He was chief adviser to the émigrés (nobles in exile) from December 1790 until the fall of the monarchy in August 1792.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /database/glossary/illustr2/calonne.html (352 words)

	The French Revolution - France.com
		By the time Calonne brought together an assembly of notables on February 22, 1787 to address the financial situation, France was as good as bankrupt: no one would lend the king funds sufficient to meet the expenses of government and court.
		The marshal Victor François, Duc de Broglie, la Galissonnière, the duke de la Vauguyon, the Baron Louis de Breteuil, and the intendant Foulon, were appointed to replace Puységur, Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin, La Luzerne, Saint Priest, and Necker.
		Returning to the Hôtel de Ville, the mob accused prévôt des marchands (roughly, mayor) Jacques de Flesselles of treachery; on route to an ostensible trial at the Palais Royal, he was assassinated.
	www.france.com /docs/154.html (3432 words)

	Biografia de Charles Alexandre de Calonne
		Calonne se había distinguido como buen administrador al frente de las intendencias de Metz y Lille.
		Su plan, presentado en 1786, consistía en una liberalización total del comercio interior, el establecimiento de un impuesto sobre la propiedad de la tierra y la creación de asambleas consultivas de ámbito provincial y municipal.
		Para sortear la oposición de los parlamentos, convocó una «Asamblea de Notables» con la intención de que aprobara sus reformas (1787); pero aquella Asamblea, dominada a su vez por los estamentos privilegiados, rechazó las propuestas de Calonne.
	www.biografiasyvidas.com /biografia/c/calonne.htm (211 words)

	de Caillaud à Calonne De
		de Caillaud à Calonne De • Caillaud Roger Firmin Eugene
		• de Combalat à Des Acres Comte De L'aigle
		• de Coue à Du Touchet De Courcelles
	www.patrimoine-de-france.org /hommes/honneurs-75.html (763 words)

	Catalog Number 15
		They lived together as the Comte and Comtesse de Ceres (and not "Serre" as Vigee Le Brun misspelled the name) and his influence on her was thoroughly corrupting.
		Mme de Ceres was a native of Toulouse.
		The portrait of an "elegantly dressed" Mme de Ceres remained in Toulouse in the Rabaudy Montoussin collection until it was sold at some unspecified date (written communication of M. Max de Rabaudy Montoussin, dated May 10, 1978).
	www.batguano.com /catno15.html (931 words)

	Musset (Louis Charles) Alfred de - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Musset, (Louis Charles) Alfred de (1810-1857), French poet of the Romantic Movement, born in Paris, where he briefly studied law and medicine.
		Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de (1689-1755), French writer and jurist, born in the Château of La Brède, and...
		Freycinet, Charles Louis De Saulces De (1828-1923), French statesman and writer.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Musset_(Louis_Charles)_Alfred_de.html (173 words)

	Charles Alexandre de Calonne - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		Charles Alexandre de Calonne, retrato por Marie-Louise-Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun.
		Charles Alexandre, vizconde de Calonne (1734 - 30 de octubre de 1802) fue un estadista francés.
		Calonne poco después se exilió en Gran Bretaña, y durante sus residencia allí mantuvo una polémica correspondencia con Necker.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Alexandre_de_Calonne (536 words)

	French Revolution chronology
		Jacques Necker, a Swiss citizen and a Protestant, replaces Lomenie de Brienne with the title of Director General of Finances; he attempts once again to solve the financial crisis and to devise a plan for a successful meeting of the Estates -General.
		Rouget de Lisle composes his War Hymn for the Army of the Rhine and performs it for the Mayor of Strasbourg.
		Dominique Ramel de Nogaret, Minister of Finances, liquidates the public debt by two-thirds with a system of coupons that, in effect, simply invalidates two-thirds of what is owed to various public creditors.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/gbrown/hist462/resources/chrono.htm (5200 words)

	Lettre Adressé au roi par M. de Calonne, le 9 Février 1789. - CALONNE, CHARLES ALEXANDRE DE,
		Lettre Adressé au roi par M. de Calonne, le 9 Février 1789.
		CALONNE, CHARLES ALEXANDRE DE, Lettre Adressé au roi par M. de Calonne, le 9 Février 1789.
		Calonne had the dubious honor of being Minister of Finance under Louis XVI, and left for England on the outbreak of the Revolution.
	www.antiqbook.com /boox/cum/29932.shtml (214 words)

	Calonne: Calonne - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Charles alexandre de calonne - wikipÃ©dia
		Calonne Charles Alexandre, vicomte de Calonne (1734 - October 30, 1802) was a French statesman.
		Calonne Calonne is the name of: Charles Alexandre de Calonne, a French statesman; The Calonne, a minor tributary of the Touques River in Normandy.
		Charles alexandre de calonne - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; Calonne - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia; Calonne, charles alexandre de - highbeam encyclopedia; Charles alexandre de calonne - wikipÃ©dia; Calonne - wikipÃ©dia; Charles alexandre de calonne: information from answers ; Calonne: information from answers ; Calonne, charles alexandre de.
	names-659.lastnames4uz.info /names-668.html (305 words)

	Buford's French Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Immediately after he was crowned, aided by such capable statesmen as Finance Minister Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, baron de l'Aulne, Interior Minister Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, and Foreign Minister Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, Louis remitted some of the most oppressive taxes and instituted financial and judicial reforms.
		He was forced to resign in 1781, and statesman Charles Alexandre de Calonne, appointed finance minister in 1783, borrowed money for the court until 1786, when the borrowing limit was reached.
		In 1792, when the National Convention, the assembly of elected French deputies, declared France a republic, the king was tried as a traitor and condemned to death.
	filebox.vt.edu /r/rbuford/French/LouisXVIframe.htm (430 words)

	Charles Alexandre de Calonne - Encyclopedia.com
		Charles Alexandre de Calonne, 1734-1802, French statesman, controller general of finances (1783-87).
		Dismissed and replaced by Étienne Charles Loménie de Brienne, Calonne fled (1787) to England, where he stayed until 1802.
		For permission to reuse this article, contact Copyright Clearance Center.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Calonne.html (476 words)

	Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution . Timeline . Financial Failings: 1787-1788 \| PBS
		Controller General of Finances, Charles Alexandre de Calonne, recognizes that France is on the brink of bankruptcy, but he cannot devise an acceptable solution.
		By April, he is removed from his post and replaced by Etienne Charles de Lomenie de Brienne.
		May: With the nation still teetering on the brink of bankruptcy, the king dissolves the Assembly of Notables after they refuse to give up traditional tax exemptions in exchange for a share in political power.
	www.pbs.org /marieantoinette/timeline/finance.html (314 words)

	D'ABDERE Democrite - D'ABO Olivia - D'ADANA Theophile - Biographie Stars Célébrités
		Biographie : DE BOURBON Louis joseph francois xavier
		Biographie : DE DIEU-RAYMOND DE BOISGELIN DE CUCE Jean
		Biographie : DE VIMEUR DE ROCHAMBEAU Jean Marie Donatien
	www.cours-de-russe.com /biographie/D.html (134 words)

	Charles Alexandre de Calonne — FactMonster.com
		Many of Calonne's official papers have been published and two general works on politics have been translated into English,
		Étienne Charles Loménie de Brienne - Loménie de Brienne, Étienne Charles Loménie de Brienne, Étienne Charles...
		French Revolution: Origins of the Revolution - Origins of the Revolution Historians disagree in evaluating the factors that brought about the...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0809943.html (256 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia - Calonne Charles Alexandre de - AOL Research & Learn
		Columbia Encyclopedia - Calonne Charles Alexandre de - AOL Research & Learn
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		Columbia Encyclopedia: Find all the encyclopedia information you need with R&L's free Columbia Encyclopedia.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/calonne-charles-alexandre-de/20051205205009990003 (194 words)

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