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	Encyclopedia: Charles Cunningham Boycott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles Cunningam Boycott was born March 12, 1832 in Norfolk, England.
		Boycott retired from the British Army in 1873 as a captain, He became an estate agent for the 3rd Earl of Erne in his estates in County Mayo in Ireland.
		Boycott hires 50 protestant Orangemen for the autumn harvest of 1880.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Charles-Cunningham-Boycott (240 words)

	CHARLES BOYCOTT FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott (1823-1897) was a British land agent whose ostracism by his local community in Ireland as part of a political campaign in 1880 gave the English_language the verb ''to boycott'', meaning 'to ostracise'.
		Charles Boycott was born in Norfolk in 1823.
		The campaign against Boycott became a ''cause celebrÃ©'' in the British media, with newspapers sending correspondents to the west of Ireland to highlight what they viewed as the victimisation of a servant of a peer of the realm by Irish peasants.
	www.rocgames.com /Charles_Boycott (313 words)

	AllRefer.com - boycott (Economics: Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		The practice was named (1880) after Capt. Charles Cunningham Boycott, an English land agent in Ireland whose ruthlessness in evicting tenants led his employees to refuse all cooperation with him and his family.
		A typical example of a primary boycott is the refusal of aggrieved employees and their supporters to purchase the goods or services of an employer.
		A secondary boycott occurs when the aggrieved party attempts either to boycott a third party or to coerce it into joining an ongoing boycott.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/boycott.html (373 words)

	Social Boycott
		Social boycott is the shunning of a person -- a society's collective refusal to engage in the normal social and commercial relations that make life palatable and, in some cases, possible for an individual.
		The term "boycott" was coined in 1880 by the Irish Home Rule leader Charles Stewart Parnell to describe a campaign being waged against Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott by his Irish neighbors.
		Boycott imported politically friendly (that is, Protestant) laborers from the county of Ulster but the expenses of doing so proved disastrous.
	www.zetetics.com /mac/articles/socialboycott.html (1409 words)

	BOYCOTT - LoveToKnow Article on BOYCOTT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But in practice it has usually taken the form of what is undoubtedly an illegal conspiracy to injure the person, property or business of another by unwartantably putting pressure on all and sundry to withdraw from him their social or business intercourse.
		The word was first used in Ireland, and was derived from the name of Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott (1832 1897), agent for the estates of the earl of Erne in Co. Mayo.
		In the United States this method of persuasion was taken up by the trade unions about 1886, an employer who refused their demands being brought to terms by a combination to refuse to buy his product or do his work, or to deal with any who did.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BO/BOYCOTT.htm (403 words)

	Boycott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		U.S. law distinguishes between primary and secondary labour boycotts: a primary boycott is the refusal of employees to purchase the goods or services of their employers, and a secondary boycott involves an attempt to induce third parties to refuse to patronize the employer.
		Representatives of a nation may boycott international conferences or convocations, for example, as a means of indicating disapproval of another nation's political policy or conduct.
		Boycotts have also been employed by a nation or a group of nations, or by an international organization to influence or protest the policies or actions of another country.
	www.freeserbia.net /Boycott.html (623 words)

	Charles Cunningham Boycott -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		He is the eponym for the verb and common noun boycott (q.v.
		The boycott was popularized by Charles Stewart Parnell during the Irish land agitation of 1880 to protest high rents and land evictions.
		Usually known as the prince of Wales, Charles is also earl of Chester, duke of Cornwall, duke of Rothesay, earl of Carrick, and baron of Renfrew, among other titles.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9016060?tocId=9016060 (684 words)

	Boycott (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word boycott is used to describe a form of protest.
		Boycott is the name of a place in Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.
		Charles Cunningham Boycott (after whom the form of consumer protest is named).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Boycott%2B(disambiguation) (101 words)

	Charles Boycott - tScholars.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott (1823-1897) was a British land agent whose ostracism by his local community in Ireland as part of a political campaign in 1880 gave the English language the verb to boycott, meaning 'to ostracise'.
		The whole episode was estimated to have cost the British government and others over [Pound sterling£]3,500 to harvest approximately £350 worth of potatoes, according to Captain Boycott's estimate of the harvest value.
		Boycott left Ireland on December 1 of the same year.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/Charles_Boycott (400 words)

	glbtq >> social sciences >> Boycotts
		Boycotts have been used with varying degrees of success to attempt to effect changes in the policies of target institutions or corporations.
		When Charles Cunningham Boycott, a retired British army captain, refused to reduce rents for tenant farmers in County Mayo, Ireland during hard times in 1880, the Irish Land League called for a non-violent protest.
		Boycott left Ireland shortly thereafter, but not before his name became synonymous with the practice of refusing to do business with a person or company with whose practices a group disagrees.
	www.glbtq.com /social-sciences/boycotts.html (711 words)

	Boycott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The word boycott comes form the Irish Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott, such a bad administrator of his land that his farmer stopped any kind of collaboration with him obliging him to emigrate.
		Boycott consists of a temporary and organized interruption of the purchase of one or more products in order to push the companies, the economy and the states to act in a different way.
		Boycott campaigns have also the goal to grow up critical consumers, able to decide what they buy on the basis of their values and real needs.
	users.hol.gr /~ftrade/boycott.htm (861 words)

	Captain Boycott, Ballinrobe Landlords
		The word, Boycott, meaning to join with others in refusing to have any dealings with some other individual or group, is derived from an incident that occurred at Lough Mask House near Ballinrobe, County Mayo, Ireland in 1880.
		Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott was an unpopular English landlord who moved to the Ballinrobe area in 1873 after an inheritance allowed him to take a thirty-one year lease on three hundred acres near Lough Mask.
		The name boycott was given to this form of social and economic isolation by by the American journalist, James Redpath, who covered the story for the American press.
	www.maggieblanck.com /Mayopages/Boycott.html (1332 words)

	BOYCOTTS AND THE LEFT: SAUCE FOR THE GOOSE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These two episodes have in common that the boycotters were conservatives and their targets were the TV and Hollywood LeftMedia.
		Boycott was a County Mayo land agent who ruthlessly evicted his employers.
		In other words, the boycott is a real-life manifestation of a moral judgment (whether or not that moral judgment is correct).
	www.henrymarkholzer.com /printable/print_articles_boycotts.htm (555 words)

	The Academic Boycott Against Israel - Manfred Gerstenfeld
		An ongoing boycott is characterized by efforts that continue until the counterpart is brought to its knees.
		Its major lesson is: "take the boycotters on one by one and expose them as racists who discriminate against people because of their country of origin." This effort should be shared by as many organizations as possible.
		Furthermore, the academic boycott attempts and other discriminatory actions against Israel are likely to be indicators and precursors of a long-lasting general reassessment of issues such as free speech, academic freedom, uncontrolled campus extremism including incitement to violence, university autonomy, the politicization of science, and the discrepancy in norms between academia and society at large.
	www.jcpa.org /phas/phas-gersten-f03.htm (18875 words)

	Strategies from the Past: Boycott, Part 1
		Ostracism and boycott are such closely related social tactics that one is often considered a form of the other.
		The term “boycott” was coined in 1880 by the Irish Home Rule leader Charles Stewart Parnell to describe the version of ostracism being used against a certain Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott by his Irish neighbors.
		Boycott imported politically friendly labor from the county of Ulster but the expense of doing so proved disastrous.
	www.fff.org /freedom/0900f.asp (1088 words)

	The Bonnie and Clyde of Karmabanque \| Greenpeace International
		They can monitor the performance of all boycotts on the index in real time and decide to 'sell' one boycott (that is to say, decide to stop boycotting one company) and 'buy' another boycott, (that is to say, start boycotting a different company).
		When a boycott is launched and is successful, there's no central repository of information about what made it work, and no continuation beyond the boycott's end.
		Typically boycotts are about sacrifice - but we've created a model where an individual can profit from an effective boycott, and ideally turn over those profits or a part of those profits to the organisations working to change those companies that are being targeted.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/news/the-bonnie-and-clyde-of-karmab (2728 words)

	boycott on Encyclopedia.com
		Vins français Les appels au boycott des produits français aux Etats-Unis, les vins en particulier, en raison du différend.
		Une affiche appellant au boycott des produits Danone brandie par un salarié licencié La Cour d'appel de Paris a débouté me..
		Un négociant en vin bordelais présente une bouteille de château Margaux Un boycott des vins français et de Bordeaux en par.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b1/boycott.asp (740 words)

	March 12 - Charles Cunningham Boycott: Nasty Guy
		On this day in 1832, Charles Cunningham Boycott was born in Norfolk, England.
		Times were tough for the tenant farmers who worked the farm he ran, but when they came to him to request a reduction in their rents until their crops were doing better, he not only refused the reduction but started eviction proceedings.
		The farmers, who were part of the National Land League, retaliated by organizing to completely stop doing any business with Boycott.
	www.goatview.com /march12.htm (202 words)

	County Mayo:An Outline History - Part 3
		On 1 June 1879, the Fenian leader, John Devoy, Michael Davitt and the county Wicklow landlord and MP for Meath, Charles Stewart Parnell, met in Dublin, and apparently agreed on 'the new departure', whereby the Fenians and the constitutional nationalists agreed to combine in a struggle to reform the Irish land-system.
		The campaign against the 'Boycott Relief Expedition' was orchestrated by Father John O'Malley, parish priest of Kilmolara (resident in the Neale), and it was he who suggested the term 'boycotting' as being easier for his parishioners to pronounce that 'ostracisation'.
		The unfortunate Boycott realised by late November 1880 that all his efforts had been in vain (the harvest had cost over 10,000 - 'a shilling for every turnip dug' said Parnell), and so, taking his family with him, he returned to England until the agitation had subsided.
	www.mayo-ireland.ie /Mayo/History/H18to19.htm (1597 words)

	Matthew Yglesias: The Origin of "Boycott"
		Charles Cunningham Boycott (1832-97): born in Norfolk; retired from the army as a captain and became Lord Erne's Mayo agent.
		Boycott's last name now a part of the language, so are his first names in an odd sort of way.
		"Boycott" is the answer to the question that got somebody famous, Randolph Churchill maybe?, thrown off The Sixty-Four Thousand Dollar Question -- the TV show, incidentally, which put Revlon on the map.
	yglesias.typepad.com /matthew/2005/04/the_origin_of_b.html (1033 words)

	Salon Money \| Hip! Hip! Hooray! Anyone remember who we're boycotting today?
		Boycotts are more effective than ever -- but the public's role in them is becoming increasingly irrelevant.
		Commercial ostracism predates Capt. Boycott -- look at the Boston Tea Party in response to the Stamp Act -- nor is it a purely Western phenomenon: The Chinese protested the treatment of its citizens in the United States with an effective boycott in 1905.
		But boycotts have grown more organized and more commonplace in the United States and Europe as the labor movement and later the civil-rights movements gained strength.
	archive.salon.com /money/feature/1998/08/07feature.html (648 words)

	Boycott the War!
		Another recent significant boycott was launched in 1995 by the International Peace Bureau in opposition to French nuclear testing in the French Polynesia The French wine industry was hit especially hard by the boycott because of its international popularity.
		The first call to boycott was launched in an attempt to prevent war in Iraq, one month before the USA attacked on March 20, 2003.
		This boycott should pressure the companies selected both by impacting their products sales and spirits and by attacking their reputation and media-image as we expose their complicity in the unacceptable policies of the Bush administration, i.e.
	www.motherearth.org /USboycott/actionkit_en.php (4248 words)

	Ireland's Lake District (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the 1870s he was farming at Lough Mask in County Mayo and serving as a land agent for an absentee English landlord, Lord Earne.
		Charles Stuart Parnell, the President of the Land League, suggested in a speech that the way to force Boycott to give way was for everyone in the locality to refuse to have any dealings with him.
		Labourers would not work for him, local shops stopped serving him (food had to be brought in from elsewhere for him and his family), and he even had great trouble getting his letters delivered.
	www.lakedistrict.ie /gen/boycott.html (283 words)

	[InfoNature.Org Webpage] - Boycotts and their huge influences.
		The term originated in Ireland in 1780 when English estate manager Charles Cunningham Boycott was "boycotted" by famine-threatened Irish farmers for refusing to lower rents.
		Since then, boycotts are used to protest national or global issues such as unfair labor practices, civil liberties, discrimination, human rights, animal protection, environment, etc. by targeting companies' practices or government policies involved in those issues.
		According to Bruce Hall, coordinator for the Comprehensive Test Ban Clearinghouse, the boycott combined with the protests had a real impact: the number of tests were reduced by 25 percent.
	www.infonature.org /english/activism/eng-activism_boycott_wars.htm (1761 words)

	Boycott City - Boycott - The Word's Origin
		Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott was an Englishman working in Ireland.
		In the 1870s he was farming at Loughmask in County Mayo and serving as a land agent for an absentee English landlord, Lord Earne.
		In September 1880, protesting tenants demanded that Captain Boycott give them a substantial reduction in their rents.
	www.boycottcity.org /essay/index.php?essay=5 (317 words)

	BOYCOTT - Online Information article about BOYCOTT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		BOYCOTT, the refusal and incitement to refusal to have commercial or social dealings with any one on whom it is wished to bring pressure.
		America in which labour organizations have pronounced such a boycott against a See also:
		A boycott has also been held by the U.S. Supreme Court to be a violation of the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BOS_BRI/BOYCOTT.html (533 words)

	Fun_People Archive - 25 Oct - Eponyms
		BOYCOTT: In 1880, Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott was land agent in County Mayo, Ireland, for an absentee owner, the Earl of Erne.
		To boycott is "to combine in abstaining from, or preventing dealings with, as a means of intimidation or coercion." CARDIGAN: After James Thomas Brudenell, Seventh Earl of Cardigan.
		CHARLATAN: Though villainy is as ancient as man, one particular form of it was named only in the 14th century, when the sharp trading of men from Cerreto, a village about ninety miles north of Rome, made them notorious and their motives suspect.
	www.langston.com /Fun_People/1994/1994AXY.html (684 words)

	Boycott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		refusal of a group to participate in an election, a boycott is a form of informal disapproval voting.
		When extended for a long period of time, or as part of an overall program of awareness-raising or reforms to laws or regimes, a boycott is part of moral purchasing or disapproval voting, and those economic or political terms are to be preferred.
		Deeply impressed by the study of this book, no sooner had he finished in which the essence of George's revolutionary doctrines is worked out.
	www.city-search.org /bo/boycott.html (604 words)

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