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	Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes
		Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes (1717-1787), French statesman, was born at Dijon on December 20, 1717.
		Vergennes sought by a series of negotiations to secure the armed neutrality of the Northern Powers eventually carried out by Catherine II; he ceded to the demands of Beaumarchais that France should secretly provide the Americans with arms and volunteers.
		Vergennes died on February 13 1787, before the meeting of the Assembly of Notables which he is said to have suggested to Louis XVI.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ch/Charles_Gravier,_Comte_de_Vergennes.html (394 words)

	Louis XVI - ninemsn Encarta
		Immediately after he was crowned, aided by such capable statesmen as Finance Minister Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, baron de l'Aulne, Interior Minister Chrétien Guillaume de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, and Foreign Minister Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, Louis remitted some of the most oppressive taxes and instituted financial and judicial reforms.
		He was forced to resign in 1781, and statesman Charles Alexandre de Calonne, appointed finance minister in 1783, borrowed money for the court until 1786, when the borrowing limit was reached.
		In 1792, when the National Convention, the assembly of elected French deputies, declared France a republic, the king was tried as a traitor and condemned to death.
	au.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761573336/Louis_XVI.html (492 words)

	SUNY Press :: Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes
		Vergennes represented France as a diplomat in Germany, Constantinople, and Stockholm, and was Louis XVI's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
		Orville Murphy traces Vergennes' career as he steadily rose from the provincial nobility of the robe to the ranks of the court aristocracy; from the post of an obscure diplomat to the lofty position of Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
		Indeed, Vergennes and his policies are central to any study of the American Revolution, the underlying causes of the French Revolution, and of the subsequent “Age of Revolutions” in Europe.
	www.sunypress.edu /details.asp?id=50104 (239 words)

	Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		VERGENNES, CHARLES GRAVIER, COMTE DE [Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de], 1717-87, French statesman.
		He supported the American Revolution, at first secretly through Pierre de Beaumarchais, then officially after signing, with Benjamin Franklin, the alliance of Feb. 6, 1778.
		Vergennes was the chief French representative at the peace negotiations between Great Britain and the United States, France, and Spain at the close of the American Revolution (see Paris, Treaty of, 1783).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-vergenne.html (230 words)

	Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		With the accession of King Louis XVI, Vergennes became foreign minister.
		In 1781, he became chief of the council of finance, and, in 1783, he supported the nomination of Charles Alexandre de Calonne as Controller-General.
		^ Vergennes married Anne (1730-1798), daughter of Henri Duvivier (born on October 16, 1699 in Chambéry) and later Maria Bulo of Péra.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Charles_Gravier,_comte_de_Vergennes (651 words)

	Casino online portal \| information about Casino online \| Charles_Gravier,_Comte_de_Vergennes
		Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes (20 December, 1717 – 13 February, 1787) was a French statesman and diplomat.
		His general policy was one of friendly relations with Austria, combined with the limitation of the Emperor Joseph II's ambitious designs; the protection of Turkey; and opposition to Britain.
		Vergennes sought by a series of negotiations to secure the armed neutrality of the Northern Powers eventually carried out by Catherine II of Russia; he ceded to the demands of Pierre Beaumarchais that France should secretly provide the Americans with arms and volunteers.
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	Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
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	Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bonneville de Marsangy, Le Chevalier de Vergennes, son ambassade a Constantinople (Paris, 1894) and Le Chevalier de Vergennes, son ambassade en Suède (Paris, 1898).
		Marie de Testa, Antoine Gautier, "Deux grandes dynasties de drogmans, les Fonton et les Testa", in Drogmans et diplomates européens auprès de la Porte ottomane, éditions ISIS, Istanbul, 2003, pp.
		Gautier, "Anne Duvivier, comtesse de Vergennes (1730-1798), ambassadrice de France à Constantinople", in Le Bulletin, Association des anciens élèves, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (INALCO), November 2005, pp.43-60.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Gravier,_comte_de_Vergennes (648 words)

	TIME.com: Figaro in Disguise -- Jul 4, 1976 -- Page 1
		Both Vergennes and Beaumarchais have faced the steady opposition of the new monarch, Louis XVI, who inclines toward pacifism, and of former Finance Minister Anne Robert Turgot, who maintains that France's Treasury cannot afford a possible conflict with Britain and that the American Colonies will eventually win their freedom anyway.
		Vergennes, however, has never forgiven Britain for stripping France of most of its colonies after the French and Indian War.
		Charles d'Eon de Beaumont, had threatened to turn the documents over to the British government unless he received a substantial sum of money from the French Crown.*
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,712261,00.html (676 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 94009531
		The comte de Vergennes is best known as one of the great foreign ministers of modern French history, but for much of the 1780s he was also first minister in all but name.
		The book studies Vergennes' role in the context of the debate on the nature and future of the French monarchy in the two decades before the Revolution.
		The result is a significant new study, not merely of Vergennes but of the end of the ancien re;gime.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/description/cam026/94009531.html (237 words)

	Vergennes, Charles Gravier, Comte De - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de, 1717-87, French statesman.
		Vergennes was the chief French representative at the peace negotiations between Great Britain and the United States, France, and Spain at the close of the American Revolution (see Paris, Treaty of
		Except as otherwise permitted by written agreement, the following are prohibited: copying substantial portions or the entirety of the work in machine readable form, making multiple printouts thereof, and other uses of the work inconsistent with U.S. and applicable foreign copyright and related laws.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /site/search/search.php?word=Vergenne (275 words)

	Find in a Library: Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes French diplomacy in the age of revolution, 1719-1787
		Find in a Library: Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes French diplomacy in the age of revolution, 1719-1787
		Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes French diplomacy in the age of revolution, 1719-1787
		Subjects: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, -- comte de,
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/d3d28e1041525ddda19afeb4da09e526.html (83 words)

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	AllRefer.com - Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de, French History, Biographies
		Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de[shArl grAvyA´ kONt du verzhen´] Pronunciation Key, 1717–87, French statesman.
		See J. Meng, The Comte de Vergennes (1932).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/V/Vergenne.html (270 words)

	VERGENNES, CHARLES GRA... - Online Information article about VERGENNES, CHARLES GRA... (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		COMTE, AUGUSTE [ISIDORE AUGUSTE MARIE FRANCOIS XAVIER] (1798-1857)
		Vergennes died on the 13th of See also:
		Chevalier de Vergennes, son ambassade a Constantinople (Paris, 1894), and Le Chevalier de Vergennes, son ambassade en Suede (Paris, 1898).
	encyclopedia.jrank.org.cob-web.org:8888 /VAN_VIR/VERGENNES_CHARLES_GRAVIER_COMTE.html (658 words)

	Charles Gravier, Comte De Vergennes by Orville Theodore Murphy, New, Used Books, Cheap Prices, ISBN 0873954823 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Charles Gravier, Comte De Vergennes (By Orville Murphy)
		The Image of the King: A Biography of Charles I an...
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	The Marquis de Lafayette Collection
		John Horton, a friend of the Comte René de Chambrun with whom he has developed a personal relationship (both pictured at the left).
		The Comte, who owns LaGrange and holds the original collection, is a direct descendant of Lafayette.
		Horton needed the Comte's approval since the original agreement between the Library of Congress and the Comte did not allow for copying the microfilm.
	html.ulib.csuohio.edu /lafayette (396 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 94009531
		Vergennes as first minister: the comite des finances 4.
		The fall of the comite des finances: the comite and credit policy the crisis of the caisse d'escompte the reform of the general farm conclusion 5.
		Library of Congress subject headings for this publication: Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de, 1719-1787, France Foreign relations 1774-1793, France Politics and government 1774-1793, Finance, Public France History To 1789, Foreign ministers France Biography, Diplomats France Biography
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/cam021/94009531.html (155 words)

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		Audience of Charles Gravier, Comte De Vergennes, with the Sultan Osman III in Constantinople, 1755
		Charles Gravier Comte De Vergennes in Oriental Costume, 1766
	www.allposters.com /-sp/Turkish-Women-Posters_i1346213_.htm (114 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Lethière, Guillaume (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 1777 he went to Paris and enrolled at the Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, studying under Gabriel-François Doyen and winning a first-class medal in July 1782.
		Lacking influential friends and patrons, before the Prix de Rome of 1784 Lethière attempted to attract support by writing to Mme de la Palum (related by marriage to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes), asking her to intercede in his favour with the Premier Peintre du Roi, Jean-Baptiste Pierre (Paris, Archv.
		With its theatrical gestures and delicacy of form, the picture is reminiscent of the religious works of both Doyen and Joseph-Marie Vien.
	www.artnet.com /library/05/0506/T050649.asp (496 words)

	Franklin Court
		To aid in persuading the king, Franklin befriended the French foreign minister, Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes.
		While Vergennes implored Louis, Franklin took more direct measures to aid the rebellion.
		Most notable of these were the Marquis de Lafayette and Baron von Steuben, both of whom played instrumental roles in the success of the American armies.
	www.nps.gov /inde/Franklin_Court/Pages/ampar.html (435 words)

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		Amazon.com: Charles Gravier, Comte De Vergennes: French Diplomacy in the Age of Revolution, 1719-1787: Books: Orville Theodore Murphy
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		Charles Gravier, Comte De Vergennes: French Diplomacy in the Age of Revolution, 1719-1787 (Hardcover)
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	Books by Louis, compare prices
		Louis XVI and the Comte De Vergennes : Correspondence 1774-1787
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	www.allbookstores.com /author/Louis.html (281 words)

	Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de — Infoplease.com
		Vergennes, Charles Gravier, comte de (shärl grävyā' kôNt d
		He supported the American Revolution, at first secretly through Pierre de
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	Franklin Benjamin 1706 1790 Papers, 1726-1907 (bulk 1770-1789) AIP International Catalog of Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
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		Lafayette, Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert Du Motier, marquis de, 1757-1834.
		Correspondents include John Adams, Richard Bache, William Carmichael, Thomas Cushing, Charles Dumas, David Hartley, Jan Ingenhousz, John Jay, John Paul Jones, Marquis de Lafayette, Henry Laurens, Robert Morris, Antoine de Sartine, John Schweighauser, Lord Selburne, Mary Stevenson, Comte de Vergennes, George Washington, and Jonathan Williams.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/icos/1975.html (195 words)

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