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Topic: Charles Hamilton Houston

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	Charles H. Houston (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Houston not only participated in effecting the change, but was the inspiration and mentor to many others who carried on the battle and remains an inspiration to those working for social justice today.
		Houston is recognized as the architect behind the ultimate success of the long struggle to end legalized discrimination and, in particular, the "separate but equal" doctrine accepted by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1896 in Plessy v.
		Houston, together with a select group of mostly Howard lawyers, and working through the NAACP and later the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, created a number of precedents that ultimately led to the dismantling of de jure discrimination after Brown v.
	www.youngmessengerrzz.com /id88.html (1284 words)

	Charles Hamilton Houston - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Houston used his post at Howard to recruit talented students into the NAACP's legal efforts (among them Marshall and Oliver Hill, the first- and second-ranked students in the class of 1933, both of whom were drafted into organization's legal battles by Houston).
		Houston was posthumously awarded the NAACP's Spingarn Medal in 1950 and in 1958 the main building of the Howard University School of Law was dedicated as Charles Hamilton Houston Hall.
		Houston is the namesake of the Charles Houston Bar Association and the Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice at Harvard Law School, slated to open in the fall of 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Hamilton_Houston (829 words)

	Remarks at launch of Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice
		Charles Ogletree is the reason that we are here today, and we all owe him a profound debt of gratitude for all the work he has done to bring this Institute into being.
		We settled on the Charles Hamilton Houston Professorship, a professorship named not for a famous justice of the Supreme Court, nor for a generous alumnus, but a professorship named for a man whose life has had a profound impact on our society.
		If we are to be true to Charles Hamilton Houston's legacy to this law school, we will need to address through this Institute, through this law school and through this University, all of these questions in new and compelling ways.
	www.president.harvard.edu /speeches/summers/2005/0915_houston.html (1078 words)

	AFRO-AMERICAN ALMANAC - African-American History Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Charles Houston was born September 3, 1895, in Washington, D.C., to William and Mary Ethel (Hamilton) Houston.
		Houston entered the field artillery precisely because the prevailing "wisdom" of the time was that African Americans were unable to complete the requirements for this branch of the service since it involved complex mathematics, and Houston's intent was to disprove this belief.
		Houston and Marshall were victorious, not only in getting Murray into the University, but in showing that states that wanted to sustain separate but equal education had to face the onerous and expensive task of making fl institutions qualitatively equal to white institutions.
	www.toptags.com /aama/bio/men/chouston.htm (1581 words)

	Houston, Charles Hamilton: West's Encyclopedia of American Law
		Charles Hamilton Houston was a law professor and CIVIL RIGHTS lawyer who argued many landmark cases on behalf of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).
		Houston was born September 3, 1895, in Washington, D.C. His father, William Houston, was trained as a lawyer and worked for a while as a records clerk to supplement the family's income; his mother, Mary Ethel Houston, worked as a hairdresser.
		Houston's father eventually began practicing law full-time and later became a law professor at Howard University, a predominantly fl institution located in Washington, D.C. An only child, Houston received his primary and secondary education in segregated Washington, D.C., schools.
	law.enotes.com /wests-law-encyclopedia/houston-charles-hamilton (167 words)

	Brown v. Board of Education Profiles
		Houston enrolled in Amherst College in 1911 and by the time the 19-year-old Houston graduated in 1915, he was valedictorian, Phi Beta Kappa and a magna cum laude degree holder.
		Houston and his protégé, Marshall’s perseverant attacks of segregation led to many victories for the NAACP on the issues of housing, transportation and education.
		Charles Hamilton Houston died in 1950 of a coronary occlusion.
	www.ku.edu /~ojclass/brown/profiles/profile_houston.html (537 words)

	Charles Hamilton Houston Enrichment Program - New England School of Law
		Named after Charles Hamilton Houston, the first general counsel of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's (NAACP) Legal Defense Fund and former dean of Howard University Law School, the program is voluntary and open to any New England student concerned about issues of race and ethnicity.
		In 1935, Charles Hamilton Houston began a lonely and dangerous crusade to bring equal education to children in the south.
		Charles Hamilton Houston's life is a study in altruism.
	www.nesl.edu /students/chhep.cfm (607 words)

	Charles Hamilton Houston
		Charles Houston was born in 1895 in Washington D.C. to Mary Ethel (Hamilton) Houston, a hairdresser, and William Houston, a lawyer.
		Charles Houston was admitted to the Washington D.C. bar in 1924.
		Houston was a teacher and mentor to many of the great civil rights defenders of the 20th Century.
	www.charleshoustonbar.org /c_houston.html (1263 words)

	ROAD TO BROWN Transcript
		Charles Hamilton Houston would lead one of the great legal campaigns of the twentieth century: the struggle to destroy Jim Crow, a struggle whose crucial victory would come in the landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision, Brown versus Board of Education.
		Charles Houston was gathering the forces to fight a war, a legal war, against Jim Crow.
		Houston proposed a two-stage attack on segregation and the Plessy decision.
	www.newsreel.org /transcripts/roadtob.htm (5365 words)

	Charles H.Houston Center
		The case was argued and won by Houston’s ideological son Thurgood Marshall.
		Charles Houston’s fight for equal justice under the law left a legacy for all Americans.
		It was his leadership in legal education, his vision as a lawyer, his skill as a strategist, coupled with his ardor and his compassion for all mankind that would eventually bring America to the forefront of human-rights issues.
	www.clemson.edu /houston/quick_links/Charles_H_Houston.htm (415 words)

	CHBA History
		Houston was a remarkable constitutional lawyer and the key legal strategist in the early battles against racial discrimination in education, labor, and housing.
		Charles Houston exemplified the type of lawyers they aspired to be.
		The success of the Charles Houston Bar is due to the leadership of the association’s past presidents and the hundreds of board members and committee chairpersons who, over the years, have volunteered much of their precious time and energy to realize the organization's benevolent goals.
	www.charleshoustonbar.org /chba_history.html (1720 words)

	Charles Hamilton Houston
		Charles Hamilton Houston conceived of and led the legal strategy leading to the end of legalized racial segregation in the United States.
		Houston not only participated in effecting the change, but was the inspiration and mentor to Thurgood Marshall, James Nabrit, Spottswood Robinson, A.
		Houston, together with a select group of mostly Howard lawyers, including Thurgood Marshall, and working through the NAACP and later the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, created a number of precedents that ultimately led to the dismantling of de jure discrimination after Brown v.
	www.brownat50.org /BrownBios/BioCharlesHHouston.html (1395 words)

	A A World . Reference Room . Articles . Charles Hamilton Houston \| PBS
		Canada (1939), Houston argued that it was unconstitutional for Missouri to exclude fls from the state's university law school when, under the “separate but equal” provision, no comparable facility for fls existed within the state.
		Houston's efforts to dismantle the legal theory of “separate but equal” came to fruition after his death in 1950 with the historic Brown v.
		Houston's contributions to the abolishment of legal discrimination went largely unrecognized until after his death.
	pbs.org /wnet/aaworld/reference/articles/charles_hamilton_houston.html (388 words)

	Raising the Bar: Pioneers in the Legal Profession: Charles Hamilton Houston (Featured Programs, ABA Division for Public ...
		Charles Hamilton Houston was the visionary who successfully crafted the grand strategic plan in the legal battle for racial equality in America.
		After graduating in 1922, Houston stayed on at Harvard to study with Felix Frankfurter, becoming one of the few lawyers at that time to earn a doctor of juridical science, and then won a fellowship to study in Europe, earning a doctor of civil law at the University of Madrid.
		At the time of his death, Houston was working on the precursor to the District of Columbia case that became one of the companion cases for Brown.
	www.abanet.org /publiced/chh.html (572 words)

	Na Han (呐喊) » Charles Hamilton Houston
		While at Harvard, Houston wrote that �there must be Negro lawyers in every community� and that �the great majority� of these lawyers �must come from Negro schools.� It was, he concluded, �in the best interests of the United States� to provide the best teachers possible� at law schools where Negroes might be trained.
		Houston decided to seek a teaching position at Howard Law School, which since its establishment in 1869 had trained three-fourths of the fl lawyers in the United States.
		Houston told first-year students�as he had been told at Harvard–to �look to your left and look to your right�next year one of you won�t be here.� Houston strove to make Howard into the sort of intellectually rigorous center of learning he saw at Harvard.
	www.heihouzi.com /Nahan/?p=314 (306 words)

	Vignette: Charles Hamilton Houston
		Houston's father, a graduate of Howard University's law school, practiced law and taught at his alma mater.
		Houston was a preeminent antidiscrimination lawyer whose efforts laid the legal groundwork for the Brown v.
		Houston died in 1950 in Washington, D.C., and was posthumously awarded the NAACP's Spingarn Medal that same year.
	faculty.washington.edu /qtaylor/aa_Vignettes/houston_charles.htm (258 words)

	National Geographic News @ nationalgeographic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Houston, a legal visionary and staunch supporter of integration, orchestrated a series of important, yet little-known legal battles throughout the 1930s and '40s that laid the groundwork for the landmark 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v.
		Targeting the graduate level of education, Houston launched a systematic attack on the doctrine of "separate but equal." As many states did not offer graduate education for fls, the inequality of opportunity was dramatic.
		Houston's victories laid the groundwork for subsequent victories by the NAACP.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2001/02/0206_charleshouston.html (1163 words)

	The North Carolina State Bar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ferguson,8 Charles Hamilton Houston was born into what UNC Professor Genna Rae McNeil describes as a “jungle of patent racism.”9 At the age of 15, Houston graduated from high school and matriculated to Amherst College.
		Houston accepted the position with the NAACP “on the condition that the program of litigation be conducted as a protracted legal struggle based on.
		Houston, using the ingenuity of an engineer, decided that the NAACP would target cases in which related issues could be decided destabilizing the very foundations of Plessy in a piecemeal fashion.
	www.ncbar.com /Journal/journal_9,1.asp (14631 words)

	A Profile of Charles Hamilton Houston
		Houston found that “the hate and scorn showered on Negro officers by our fellow Americans…convinced me there was no sense in dying for a world ruled by them.” Houston and other Negro officers ate on benches in the enlisted men’s area, not in the officers’ mess.
		Houston seemed to be more concerned in early 1936 about making Gaines’ entry into the all-white student body as smooth as possible than in forcing his admission through a lawsuit.
		Charles Houston was the Moses of the journey that led to Brown and beyond.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/trialheroes/charleshoustonessayF.html (12199 words)

	Beyond Brown : Pursuing the Promise . Long Road to Brown . Cases and Lawyers \| PBS
		Charles Hamilton Houston was born on September 3, 1895 in Washington, D.C. A lawyer and educator, he was instrumental in laying the legal groundwork that led to U.S. Supreme Court rulings outlawing racial segregation in public schools.
		Although Houston practiced law with his father until 1950, he was also a law professor and legal counsel for the The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) during that time.
		A towering intellectual, Houston was one of the principal legal and social architects of the litigation campaign that developed into the work of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.
	www.pbs.org /beyondbrown/history/charleshouston.html (469 words)

	Tomiko Brown-Nagin Named Charles Hamilton Houston Fellow
		The career of Charles Hamilton Houston, the distinguished African-American lawyer and teacher for whom the fellowship is named, epitomizes the goals of the program.
		Houston received the LL.B. degree from Harvard Law School in 1922 and was the first African American ever to serve on the Harvard Law Review.
		Houston also served as the first African American general counsel of the NAACP, where his skill and commitment helped prove that a lawyer of color could represent and win major civil rights victories in the courts.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/2000/01.27/hls.html (461 words)

	A A World . Reference Room . Articles . Charles Hamilton Houston \| PBS
		Canada (1939), Houston argued that it was unconstitutional for Missouri to exclude fls from the state's university law school when, under the “separate but equal” provision, no comparable facility for fls existed within the state.
		Houston's efforts to dismantle the legal theory of “separate but equal” came to fruition after his death in 1950 with the historic Brown v.
		Houston's contributions to the abolishment of legal discrimination went largely unrecognized until after his death.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/aaworld/reference/articles/charles_hamilton_houston.html (388 words)

	African American Registry: Charles Houston, groundbreaking lawyer!
		Charles Houston was born in Washington, D. C., into a family of jurisprudence.
		Houston's father was a graduate of Howard University's law school.
		Houston served as special council to the NAACP, becoming its first full-time, paid counsel while teaching at Howard.
	www.aaregistry.com /african_american_history/1127/Charles_Houston_groundbreaking_lawyer (172 words)

	Lawyer pays tribute to grandfather's legacy
		Charles H. Houston III knew when he was 5 years old what he wanted to be when he grew up: a lawyer.
		Houston, a 1922 Harvard Law graduate and the first African American editor of the Harvard Law Review, also served as vice dean of Howard Law School, where he taught Thurgood Marshall, who later became a Supreme Court justice.
		Houston traveled to Boston earlier this month for the grand opening of the Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice at Harvard, which will focus on issues of voting rights, the future of affirmative action and the criminal justice system.
	www.azcentral.com /arizonarepublic/business/articles/0927buzz-bizbuzz27.html (528 words)

	News Brief: Grand Opening of the Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice - News
		The Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice, founded by Professor Charles J. Ogletree, Jr., Jesse Climenko Professor of Law, officially opened on Thursday, September 15, 2005, featuring a program dedicated to the life and accomplishments of Charles Hamilton Houston.
		The Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice is a new interdisciplinary research program, housed at Harvard Law School, to explore the myriad of complex issues relating to race and justice.
		The mission of the Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice (CHHI) is to carry forth the legacy of Charles Hamilton Houston by identifying and defining the civil rights agenda for the coming generation and providing social science research and legal advocacy necessary to recognize and address the most pressing areas of racial inequality.
	www.hlrecord.org /news/2005/09/22/News/News-Brief.Grand.Opening.Of.The.Charles.Hamilton.Houston.Institute.For.Race.And-996095.shtml (440 words)

	Humanities Council of Washington, DC: Charles Hamilton Houston - Biographical Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Houston attended Amherst College and Harvard Law School where he was the first African American editor of the Harvard Law Journal.
		Houston served as Dean of the Howard University School of Law which was accredited under his leadership.
		Houston chaired the NAACP's National Legal Committee, was a member of D.C.'s Board of Education, and a mentor to the legal team that included future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall and Virginia judge Oliver Hill who argued the historic Supreme Court case, Brown v.
	wdchumanities.org /houston_bio.htm (429 words)

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