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	Charles Townes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles Hard Townes (born July 28, 1915) is an American physicist and educator.
		Charlie Townes was the lead researcher in the construction of the Infrared Spatial Interferometer, the first astronomical interferometer to operate in the mid-infrared.
		In 1980 Townes was inducted by his home state into the South Carolina Hall of Science and Technology, and has also been awarded a South Carolina Hall of Science and Technology Citation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Townes (430 words)

	Charles H. Townes - Biography
		Charles Hard Townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on July 28, 1915, the son of Henry Keith Townes, an attorney, and Ellen (Hard) Townes.
		Townes completed work for the Master of Arts degree in Physics at Duke University in 1936, and then entered graduate school at the California Institute of Technology, where he received the Ph.D. degree in 1939 with a thesis on isotope separation and nuclear spins.
		Townes and his students coined the word "maser" for this device, which is an acronym for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1964/townes-bio.html (841 words)

	Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries about Spiritual Realities
		But, for Townes, who would go on to win the Nobel Prize in Physics for his realization that day, it was also a moment that spoke to a larger truth, about how the power of revelation — not unlike that recorded in the scriptures — evidences the similarity of science and religion.
		Townes planned to stay in academia but, with job offers scarce — the Great Depression was still a crushing presence in the United States — he reluctantly accepted a position on the technical staff at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York, one of the most vital arenas of cutting edge research.
		Townes’ background in military research came full circle in 1982, when he chaired a U.S. Defense Department committee advising the Reagan administration and successfully recommended against the widespread placement of the MX missile system.
	www.templetonprize.org /bios.html (1251 words)

	Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries about Spiritual Realities
		Townes, 89, secured his place in the pantheon of great 20th-century scientists through his investigations into the properties of microwaves which resulted first in the maser, a device which amplifies electromagnetic waves, and later his co-invention of the laser, which amplifies and directs light waves into parallel direct beams.
		Charles Hard Townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina in 1915 to Ellen and Henry Townes, an attorney.
		Townes, who became an Officer of the French Legion of Honor in 1990, is also the recipient of the Niels Bohr International Gold Medal and nearly 100 other honors and awards, and holds honorary degrees from more than 25 universities.
	www.templetonprize.org /townes_pressrelease.html (1119 words)

	Townes, Charles Hard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina, and studied there and at Duke and the California Institute of Technology.
		Townes had to develop a method (now called population inversion) for separating the relatively scarce high-energy molecules from the more common lower energy ones.
		In 1958 Townes published a paper that demonstrated the theoretical possibility of producing an optical maser to produce a coherent beam of single-frequency visible light.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/biographies/mainbiographies/T/Townes/1.html (126 words)

	Townes, Charles Hard. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		After serving as vice president and director of research of the Institute for Defense Analyses, Washington, D.C., he was provost of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1961–66).
		Townes is known for his work on the theory and application of the maser, on which he obtained the fundamental patent, and other work in quantum electronics connected with both maser and laser devices.
		He shared the 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics with N. Basov and A. Prokhorov for contributions to this field.
	www.bartleby.com /65/to/Townes-C.html (167 words)

	IEEE History Center - Legacies: Charles H. Townes
		Charles Hard Townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on 28 July 1915.
		Townes was a member of the technical staff of the Bell Telephone Laboratories from 1939 to 1947.
		Townes was married in 1941 to the former Frances H. Brown, of Berlin, New Hampshire.
	www.ieee.org /organizations/history_center/legacies/townes.html (729 words)

	Innovision Technology Awards Program - Dr. Charles Townes
		The Upstate native who has made the greatest impact on the modern world is undoubtedly Charles Hard Townes, inventor of the maser and laser, a Nobel Laureate in physics, and one of America’s most honored scientists.
		Born in 1915, the second son of Henry Keith and Ellen Hard Townes, Charles was a curious, active boy who was fascinated by animals, insects, and birds he found on the family’s twenty-acre farm on Sumner Street just outside the Greenville city limits.
		Still a bird watcher and gardener ho cares about the environment, Charles Hard Towns remains the intense observer and question-asker that he was in his Greenville childhood.
	www.innovisionaward.org /category.php?id=17 (614 words)

	USATODAY.com - Townes leads life where science and faith coexist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Townes is best known for his groundbreaking research in the 1950s into the amplification of electromagnetic waves, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in physics with two other scientists in 1964.
		Born in 1915, on a farm in Greenville, S.C., Townes was raised a Baptist.
		In 1948, Townes joined the faculty of Columbia University and spent most of the remainder of his professional career in academia, moving to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1961 and then to the University of California at Berkeley in 1967.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/ethics/2005-03-10-townes-templeton-prize_x.htm?csp=34 (898 words)

	Science & Spirit
		But, for Townes, who would go on to win the Nobel Prize in Physics for his realization that day, it was also a moment that spoke to a larger truth, about how the power of revelation—not unlike that recorded in the scriptures—evidences the similarity of science and religion.
		Townes planned to stay in academia but, with job offers scarce—the Great Depression was still a crushing presence in the United States—he reluctantly accepted a position on the technical staff at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York, one of the most vital arenas of cutting edge research.
		Townes has repeatedly cited that moment of revelation as a crystallization of how topics normally associated with religion or science—revelation, intuition, observation, faith, and aesthetics—can easily apply to both disciplines.
	www.science-spirit.org /webexclusives.php?article_id=489 (1285 words)

	Nobel Prize winner Charles Townes on evolution and "intelligent design"
		And yet, according to Charles Hard Townes, winner of a Nobel Prize in Physics and a UC Berkeley professor in the Graduate School, they are united by similar goals: science seeks to discern the laws and order of our universe; religion, to understand the universe's purpose and meaning, and how humankind fits into both.
		Where these areas intersect is territory that Townes has been exploring for many of his 89 years, and in March his insights were honored with the 2005 Templeton Prize for Progress Toward Research or Discoveries about Spiritual Realities.
		Townes sat down one morning recently to discuss how these and other weighty questions have shaped his own life, and their role in current controversies over public education.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2005/06/17_townes.shtml (2214 words)

	Charles Townes wins 2005 Templeton Prize
		NEW YORK, MARCH 9 -- Charles Townes, the Nobel laureate whose inventions include the maser and laser and who has spent decades as a leading advocate for the convergence of science and religion, has won the 2005 Templeton Prize.
		Raised in a Baptist household that embraced an open-minded approach to biblical interpretation, Townes received a B.A. in modern languages and a B.S. in physics summa cum laude from Furman University in Greenville when he was 19.
		Most recently, Townes has been a champion of optical searches for extraterrestrial intelligence, using methods he first proposed in a paper in the journal Nature in 1961, one year after scientists had launched the first search for radio transmissions from distant solar systems.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-03/jtf-ctw030805.php (1108 words)

	Townes, Charles Hard (1915-)
		He was a pioneer in microwave and infrared astronomy and led the team at Berkeley which, in 1968, discovered water and ammonia molecules in interstellar space.
		Townes has a long-standing interest in the possibly of optical SETI and while at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the early 1960s was the first, together with R. Schwarz, to suggest the possibility of using lasers for interstellar communication.
		He is presently involved in a project, funded by the Planetary Society, to search for artificial laser pulses coming from a variety of sources, including nearby stars, globular clusters, and external galaxies.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/T/Townes.html (199 words)

	Famous South Carolinians - Scientists - Charles Townes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Townes received his B.S. degree in physics and modern languages from Furman University in 1935.
		One of Townes greatest accomplishments was his invention of the Maser (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission) in 1953.
		Townes was awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize for Physics for his advances in the field of quantum electronics.
	sciway3.net /2001/famous-sc/charles_townes.html (310 words)

	Charles Hard Townes Biography / Biography of Charles Hard Townes Main Biography
		Charles Townes (born 1915) was a physicist whose work concentrated on the development of high-resolution spectroscopy of gasses in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		Townes was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1956.
		Charles Hard Townes was born on July 28, 1915, in Greenville, South Carolina.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-charles-hard-townes (260 words)

	Charles Hard Townes
		Townes constructed the maser (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) and also suggested the laser.
		Charles Hard Townes - Townes, Charles Hard, 1915–, American physicist and educator, b.
		Charles H. Townes: physicist and nobel laureate, 86, Berkeley, California.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0767093.html (152 words)

	CUHK E-Newsletter
		Charles Hard Townes, the inventor of the laser and Nobel laureate in physics in 1964, delivered a lecture entitled 'The Laser' at the Chinese University on 18th August.
		Townes and Dr. A.L. Schawlow showed theoretically that masers could be made to operate in the optical and infrared region and this resulted in their joint paper on optical and infrared masers or LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation).
		Townes graduated summa cum laude from Furman University in 1935 with a BS in physics and a BA in modern languages.
	mmlab.itsc.cuhk.edu.hk /eNewsAsp/app/article-details.aspx/9B23C804C8AF1187D0322E5EDC5FEF09 (400 words)

	GreenvilleOnline.com - Townes remains true believer in science and religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This week's announcement that Greenville native and Furman graduate Charles Townes is the recipient of the $1.5 million Templeton Prize for advances in science and religion is extraordinary news.
		Charles Hard Townes was born in 1915, the fourth child of Ellen Hard Townes, a 1902 graduate of Greenville Woman's College.
		Townes believes that both scientists and theologians seek truth that transcends current human understanding, and both perspectives are fraught with uncertainty.
	greenvilleonline.com /news/opinion/2005/03/13/2005031360493.htm (1156 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		Charles Townes' invention of the maser, a device that amplifies electromagnetic waves, created a means for the sensitive reception of communications and for precise navigation.
		In 1948 he joined the faculty of Columbia University and three years later had the idea that culminated in construction of the maser.
		From 1959 to 1961 Townes served as vice president and director of research of the Institute for Defense Analysis in Washington, D.C. He then was appointed provost and professor of physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/146.html (192 words)

	5 Nov Nobel History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Charles Hard Townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on 28 July 1915, the son of Henry Keith Townes, an attorney, and Ellen (Hard) Townes.
		Nikolai Gennadievich Basov was born on 14 December 1922 in the small town of Usman near Voronezh, the son of Gennady Fedorovich Basov and Zinaida Andreevna Molchanova.
		Thus the town lives happily in its self-confidence and its belief in true democracy, which does not exclude a proper stratification of the people, its faith in a sound business morality, and the blessings of being motorized; for there are many Fords in Main Street.
	www.safran-arts.com /42day/history/nobel/nob1105.html (7358 words)

	GreenvilleOnline.com - Charles Townes biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But, for Townes, who would go on to win the Nobel Prize in Physics for his realization that day, it was also a moment that spoke to a larger truth, about how the power of revelation - not unlike that recorded in the scriptures - evidences the similarity of science and religion.
		Born in 1915 on a farm in Greenville, South Carolina, to Ellen Hard Townes, a well-educated homemaker, and Henry Townes, an attorney, Townes grew up in a Baptist household that prized intellectual pursuits and vigorous, open- minded discussion of the Bible.
		Townes planned to stay in academia but, with job offers scarce - the Great Depression was still a crushing presence in the United States - he reluctantly accepted a position on the technical staff at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York, one of the most vital arenas of cutting edge research.
	greenvilleonline.com /news/2005/03/09/2005030960280.htm (1386 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Charles H. Townes, winner of the Nobel Prize in physics for 1964, is greeted by an enthusiastic crowd of MIT colleagues and well-wishers at Logan Airport as he returns to Boston from California early Saturday morning.
		On his returnm to Boston Satur- day morning, Dr. Townes was met by a crowd of well-wishers carry- ing placards reading "Scientists and Engineers for Townes." Two of his graduate students, Elsa Garmire and Ray Chiao, had in- stalled a new red carpet in his office.
		Townes said that all four of their daughters would accom- pany them to Sweden for the De- cember 10 ceremonies.
	www-tech.mit.edu /archives/VOL_084/TECH_V084_S0284_P001.txt (1305 words)

	About OSA > Awards > Charles Hard Townes Award
		This award was established in 1980 to honor Charles Hard Townes, whose pioneering contributions to masers and lasers led to the development of the field of quantum electronics.
		It is given to an individual or a group of individuals for outstanding experimental or theoretical work, discovery or invention in the field of quantum electronics.
		Hewlett-Packard, The Perkin Fund, and students and colleagues of Charles Townes contributed generously in a Townes Award Endowment Campaign.
	www.osa.org /aboutosa/awards/theawards/awardsdesc/award23.asp (82 words)

	10.14.99 - UC Berkeley physics professor wins $100,000 award from the Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation
		Townes is a physicist and a professor in the graduate school at the University of California, Berkeley.
		The laser was developed out of Townes' microwave work on molecules at Bell Telephone Labs in the early 1950s.
		Townes was trying to produce a wavelength shorter that a few millimeters in order to extend his spectroscopic studies.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/99legacy/10-14-1999.html (511 words)

	Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		American physicist, joint winner with the Soviet physicists Aleksandr M. Prokhorov and Nikolay G. Basov of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1964 for his role in the invention of the maser and the laser.
		Townes and two students completed the first such device in December 1953 and gave it the name maser, an acronym for “microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.” In 1958 Townes and A.L. Schawlow showed that it was possible to construct a similar device using light—i.e., a laser.
		From 1959 to 1961 Townes served as vice president and director of research of the Institute for Defense Analyses, Washington, D.C. He then was appointed provost and professor of physics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/print_toc?tocId=9073080 (235 words)

	Pejmanesque: MARRYING SCIENCE AND FAITH
		At the same time, Townes does not fall into the trap of believing that natural curiosity and interest in scientific phenomena need shut one off from interest in other issues.
		Townes proves that those people can be one and the same.
		I actually met you before I knew who you were, when Megan McArdle was in town and we went to the restaurant at LAX, but missed the opportunity to talk as you were at the other end of the table.
	www.pejmanesque.com /archives/009697.html (933 words)

	Townes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Townes were eating in the shade and watching their children, 20-month-old Mya, and Isabella, who was born just eight days ago.
		Townes Contracting are resealing the road in conjunction in Council and at the same time are contracted to finish the Bi Lo car park.
		Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov.
	www.findcougars.com /health_topics/Townes.html (2877 words)

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