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Topic: Charles I of Sicily

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	Charles I of Sicily - Biocrawler
		Charles I (March 1227 (or 1226) - January 7, 1285) was the posthumous (or born ten months before father's death: sources suggest two possible birth years) son of King Louis VIII of France by Blanche of Castile.
		In 1266 Charles was invested by Pope Clement IV with the kingship of Naples and Sicily, in return for expelling Manfred, son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II.
		This was cemented by dynastic marriages: In 1270, Charles's heir Charles married Stephen's daughter Mary, and Charles's daughter Elisabeth was betrothed to Stephen's only son and heir, the future Ladislaus IV of Hungary, whom she married in 1272 soon after Stephen's death.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Charles_I_of_Sicily (959 words)

	Sicily - MSN Encarta
		Sicily is subject to constant drought, not much relieved by the oppressive sirocco wind that blows across the island from North Africa.
		In 1127 Roger II, count of Sicily, was recognized as duke of Apulia and Calabria, and in 1130 he assumed the title of king of Sicily.
		In 1734 the Bourbon Don Carlos, later Charles III, king of Spain, invaded Naples and Sicily, and in 1735 he was crowned and was recognized by the Treaty of Vienna as Charles IV, King of the Two Sicilies.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564985/Sicily.html (1236 words)

	Frederick III of Sicily - LoveToKnow 1911
		The war between the Angevins and the Aragonese for the possession of Sicily was still in progress, and although the Aragonese were successful in Italy James's position in Spain became very insecure to internal troubles and French attacks.
		Unfortunately for Frederick, a part of the Aragonese nobles of Sicily favoured King James, and both John of Procida and Ruggiero di Lauria, the heroes of the war of the Vespers, went over to the Angevins, and the latter completely defeated the Sicilian fleet off Cape Orlando.
		An Angevin fleet and army, under Robert's son Charles, was defeated at Palermo by Giovanni da Chiaramonte in 1325, and in 1326 and 1327 there were further Angevin raids on the island, until the descent into Italy of the emperor Louis the Bavarian distracted their attention.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Frederick_III_of_Sicily (787 words)

	Charles I of Sicily Information
		Statue of Charles I of Anjou by Arnolfo di Cambio, Rome, Palazzo dei Conservatori.
		Charles sailed with the rest of the Crusaders from Aigues-Mortes in 1248, and fought gallantly at Damietta and during the fighting around Mansourah.
		Charles of Salerno sent a newly raised Provençal fleet to the relief of Malta; but it was caught by the main Aragonese fleet under Roger of Lauria and destroyed in the Battle of Malta.
	www.bookrags.com /Charles_I_of_Sicily (4246 words)

	Charles I — Infoplease.com
		Charles I, king of Portugal - Charles I Charles I, 1863–1908, king of Portugal (1889–1908), son and successor of...
		Charles I, king of Hungary - Charles I Charles I, 1288–1342, king of Hungary (1308–42), founder of the Angevin...
		Charles I, king of Naples and Sicily - Charles I Charles I (Charles of Anjou), 1227–85, king of Naples and Sicily (1266–85),...
	www.infoplease.com /dictionary/brewers/charles.html (203 words)

	Martin Luther . The Characters . Charles V \| PBS
		Charles V settled in Germany and sought to become the leader of a universal empire.
		Despite being a devout Catholic Charles V was acutely conscious of Papal power and it was in his interest for the Vatican to be destabilised.
		Charles was soon preoccupied by battles with France and the Ottoman Turks and did not check the spread of Protestantism sweeping his Empire.
	www.pbs.org /empires/martinluther/char_charles.html (382 words)

	SICILY
		Sicily is ruled by the clergy, with their promises of heaven or hell, and by the Mafia, with its power of life and death.
		Sicily, with its patchwork of cultures, is the perfect choice to learn about the history of Western civilization mostly reflected in its architecture: Greek temples and amphitheaters, Roman settlements, unique Norman-Arab churches and palaces, Bysantine and Gothic churches, fortified medieval castles, and Baroque churches and palaces.
		In 1734, Charles de Bourbon, son of the King of Spain, brought degree of autonomy to Sicily and Naples.
	www.angelfire.com /fl2/sicily (1414 words)

	Sicily - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Sicily was inhabited at the beginning of historical times by a people called the Siculi or Sicani.
		At the close of 1816 Ferdinand united the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily into the single Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and promptly reneged on his promises of reform.
		At the beginning of 1848 Sicily rose in insurrection and forced Ferdinand II to grant a representative constitution to his subjects.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761564985___3/Sicily.html (1334 words)

	Sicily, Italy (Photo Archive)
		Charles I of Anjou intervened in Sicily and Southern Italy in 1266 at the Pope's request, and he first defeated and killed Manfred, an illegitimate son of Frederick II, and two years later Conradin, the grand-son of Frederick II.
		Sicily became a separate kingdom ruled by a branch of the House of Aragon, but the conflict with the Angevins in Naples continued for decades to come, with repeated and reciprocal invasions in Sicily and Southern Italy.
		Sicily was ruled by a viceroy with residence in the Norman Palace of Palermo.
	sights.seindal.dk /sight/613_Sicily.html (3754 words)

	Kingdom of Sicily
		The papal-imperial conflict culminated in 1262 with a papal invitation to Charles of Anjou (brother of King Louis IX of France), to conquer Sicily.
		Charles, the founder of the Amgevin dynasty of Naples, ruled from 1266 as Charles I, king of Naples and Sicily.
		Peter III of Aragon was made king of Sicily while the former Norman domains on the mainland remained under Amgevin rule as the Kingdom of Naples.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/KingdomOfSicily.htm (367 words)

	News \| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, AL
		He was King of Sicily 1262–1282 (and under that title, King of Naples 1282–1285), King of Albania 1272–1285, King of Jerusalem 1277–1285, Prince of Achaea 1278–1285, Count of Provence and Forcalquier 1246–1285, and Count of Anjou and Maine 1247–1285.
		Charles sailed with the rest of the Crusaders from Aigues-Mortes in 1248, and fought gallantly at Damietta and during the fighting around Mansourah.
		Charles of Salerno sent a newly raised ProvenÃ§al fleet to the relief of Malta; but it was caught by the main Aragonese fleet under Roger of Lauria and destroyed in the Battle of Malta.
	www.timesdaily.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Charles_I_of_Anjou (4491 words)

	Charles I, king of Naples and Sicily. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		(Charles of Anjou), 1227–85, king of Naples and Sicily (1266–85), count of Anjou and Provence, youngest brother of King Louis IX of France.
		Charles defeated (1266) Manfred at Benevento and defeated and executed Conradin in 1268.
		Charles I was the founder of the first Angevin dynasty in Naples.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Charles1Nap.html (283 words)

	Did you know: Food History
		As the great historian of science Charles Haskins said, “Nowhere else did Latin, Greek and Arabic civilizations live side by side in peace and toleration, and nowhere else was the spirit of the Renaissance more clearly expressed in the policy of the rulers,” than in Sicily.
		Placido Ragazzoni, a Venetian resident in Messina in 1570, said, “Sicily produces all things necessary for human life, so that she does not need to import anything.” But this was a deceptive comment for Sicily was at that time one of the poorest places in Italy.
		Owing to the effects of the Black Death in Sicily in the fourteenth century, a reduced agricultural population meant a greater number of animals to be corralled or shepherded.
	www.cliffordawright.com /history/med_sicily.html (1036 words)

	History
		Charles I, younger brother of Louis IX of France, played a key role in 13th-century politics, both in Italy and beyond.
		Supported by the papacy, he became King of Naples and Sicily, defeating the Hohenstaufen Manfred in 1265 and Conradin in 1268, thus extinguishing that dynasty's claims to both the southern territories and the Imperial title.
		Charles of Anjou changed the face of European politics and founded a dynasty whose predominance would last until the death of Robert of Naples in 1343.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/history/characters/charles_i_anjou.shtml (332 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sicily : History, Italy (Italian Political Geography) - Encyclopedia
		After Frederick's death and the failures of the last Hohenstaufen claimants (Conrad IV, Manfred, and Conradin), Pope Clement IV crowned (1266) Charles I (Charles of Anjou) king of Naples and Sicily as his vassal.
		However, as a result of the War of the Polish Succession, Sicily and Naples came under (1735) the rule of Don Carlos of Bourbon (later Charles III of Spain).
		Naples and Sicily were merged, despite Sicilian protests, in 1816, when Ferdinand I styled himself officially king of the Two Sicilies.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sicily-history.html (1033 words)

	Sicily - Cunnan
		Sicily is an island situated west of the "toe" of mainland Italy.
		Roger held the conquered portions of Sicily, with the exception of Palermo and Messina, in fealty to Robert Guiscard until 1085.
		In 1282, Charles I of Anjou was deposed in Sicily and the island became a political entity separate from mainland Italy.
	cunnan.sca.org.au /index.php?title=Sicily&printable=yes (211 words)

	Charles I of Sicily - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Charles I (March 1227 - January 7, 1285) was the posthumous son of King Louis VIII of France, created Count of Anjou by his elder brother King Louis IX in 1246, thus founding the second Angevin dynasty.
		Manfred's defeat and death in battle were followed (1268) by the defeat and execution of his nephew Conradin, but in 1282 Sicily rose against French officialdom and taxes intended to finance Charles's struggle to restore the Latin Empire at Constantinople.
		The island was taken by King Peter III of Aragón, who became also Peter I of Sicily, but Charles remained in possession of mainland Naples until his death, acquiring in addition the now empty title of King of Jerusalem in 1277.
	www.music.us /education/C/Charles-I-of-Sicily.htm (435 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Angevin - AOL Research & Learn (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Charles was made count of Anjou by Louis, acquired Provence by marriage, and in 1266 was invested by the pope with the kingdom of Naples and Sicily as Charles I. Charles lost Sicily but retained Naples.
		The Hungarian branch of Anjou began (1308) with Charles Robert (King Charles I of Hungary), a grandson of Charles II of Naples.
		Charles I's son became king of Hungary and Poland as Louis I. Hungary passed to Louis's daughter Mary and to her husband Sigismund (later Holy Roman emperor), and Poland passed to Ladislaus II of Poland, husband of Louis's daughter Jadwiga.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/angevin/20051205154409990007 (630 words)

	1
		Sicily was taken by the Vandals and then the Goths in the 5th Century A.D. In 532 it came under Byzantine rule, and in the 9th Century fell to the Muslim Arabs.
		The Norman Roger II was recognized (1139) by Pope Innocent II as King of Sicily and of the Norman territories in southern Italy.
		Sicily passed briefly to the house of Savoy (1713) and then to the Austrian Habsburgs (1720); but in 1734, during the War of the Polish Succession, both Sicily and Naples were conquered by the Spanish Bourbon Prince Charles.
	www.bellanti.org /Sicily.htm (1261 words)

	History and background information on Sicily, Italy
		Roger the Second became the first king of Sicily in 1130; he was invested by Pope Innocent II with the Kingdom of Sicily, including the Norman conquests of southern Italy.
		He lands at Trapani in 1282 and is acclaimed king at Palermo; excepting brief periods Sicily was ruled from Spain for the next four centuries, isolating her from both Sicily and the rest of Italy.
		Sicily and Naples were to fall to the forces of Garibaldi in 1860, and, in 1861, Gaeta, the 'Two Sicilies' became part of the Kingdom of Italy.
	www.knowital.com /history/sicily/sicily-history.html (1504 words)

	Download Medieval II: Total War - Sicilian Vespers 1.1 Mod Patch - Medieval II: Total War is the latest game in the ...
		When Hohenstaufen Manfred of Sicily was defeated in 1266, the kingdom of Sicily was entrusted to Charles of Anjou by Pope Urban IV.
		Charles regarded his Sicilian territories as a springboard for his Mediterranean ambitions, which included the overthrow of the Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus.
		Charles remained in control of the mainland Kingdom of Naples until his death in 1285 and his heirs continued to reign there until Peter's successors reunited the territories in 1442.
	games.softpedia.com /get/Patch/Medieval-II-Total-War-Sicilian-Vespers-11-Mod.shtml (934 words)

	In Italy Online - Sicily Through the Centuries
		It is to the Normans that we owe the most spectacular of Sicily's architectural treasures, from the cathedrals of Cefalù, Messina and Monreale to Palermo's Zisa and Cuba, the churches of San Giovanni degli Eremiti, San Cataldo and the Martorana.
		nder the realm of Frederick II, the Swabian king, Sicily became one of the centers of the Western world, and perhaps it is not surprising that the principal architectural endeavors of this era, which lasted only from 1220 to 1250, were of a military nature, such as the castles in Siracusa, Catania and Salemi.
		When Frederick died in 1250, his successor Manfred was murdered by the ruthless Charles of Anjou, whose French allies streamed into the island and established a new aristocracy so despised that it led to the popular uprising called the Sicilian Vespers.
	www.initaly.com /regions/sicily/history.htm (590 words)

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