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	Charles III of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles III (January 20, 1716 - December 14, 1788) was king of Spain from 1759 to 1788.
		Spain was entangled in the close of the Seven Years' War, to her great loss.
		Charles was a thorough despot of the benevolent order, and had been deeply offended by the real or suspected share of the Jesuits in the riot of 1766.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/c/ch/charles_iii_of_spain.html (872 words)

	Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles V (Spanish: Carlos I, Dutch: Karel V, German: Karl V. 24 February 1500–21 September 1558) is considered (the first) King of Spain though in fact his son was the first to use that title.
		Charles was born in Ghent and brought up in the Low Countries until 1517, where he was tutored by Adrian of Utrecht, later Pope Adrian VI.
		Charles retired to the monastery of Yuste (Extremadura, Spain) and is thought to have had a nervous breakdown.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1303 words)

	Charles IV of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles IV (November 11, 1748 - January 20, 1819) was King of Spain from December 14, 1788 until his abdication on March 19, 1808.
		Charles was the second son of Charles III and his wife Maria Amelia of Saxony.
		Charles had inherited a great frame and immense physical strength from the Saxon line of his mother.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_IV_of_Spain (728 words)

	Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor : Charles I of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles (Ghent February 25, 1500-San Jerónimo de Yuste[?], Spain September 21, 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V) from 1519-1558; he was also King of Spain from 1516-1556 -- officially as Charles I of Spain, although often referred to as Charles V ("Carlos Quinto" or "Carlos V") in Spain and Latin America.
		Charles was born in Ghent and brought up in the Netherlands until 1517, where he was tutored by Adrian of Utrecht, later Pope Adrian VI.
		Charles retired to the monastery of Yuste[?] and is thought to have had a nervous breakdown.
	www.termsdefined.net /ch/charles-i-of-spain.html (910 words)

	Encyclopedia: Charles-III-of-Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles III (January 20, 1716 â“ December 14, 1788) was king of Spain 1759â“1788 (as Carlos III de Borbon), King of the Two Sicilies 1735â“1759 (as Carlo VII), and Duke of Parma 1732â“1735 (as Carlo I).
		King Philip V of Spain (December 19, 1683 â€“ July 9, 1746) or Philippe of Anjou, grandson of the French monarch Louis XIV, was king of Spain from 1700 to 1746, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain.
		Infanta dona Maria de las Mercedes of Spain (1880-1904), Princess of the Asturias, and for a period 1885-86 when she was five years old, the extant Head of the State of Spain, was born as Dona Maria de las Mercedes de Borbon y Asburgo-Lorena, eldest daughter of...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Charles_III_of_Spain (3579 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Emperor Charles V
		Charles was the son of Philip, Duke of Burgundy, by Joanna, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, and Burgundy was the first heritage to which he at his led, on his fathers death in 1506.
		Charles, eager to push the war against the Turks, as well as to restore the unity of Christendom, was ready to partly forego his strict rights both in the Milanese and Burgundy, and to consider the question of the balance of power between his house and that of Valois.
		Charles had now to consider whether he would allow liberty of action to the Protestant princes of Germany, to whom, under pressure of war, he had made concessions, especially at the Diet of Spires in 1544.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03625a.htm (4837 words)

	Charles V, Holy Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		1500–1558, Holy Roman emperor (1519–58) and, as Charles I, king of Spain (1516–56); son of Philip I and Joanna of Castile, grandson of Ferdinand II of Aragón, Isabella of Castile, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and Mary of Burgundy.
		The chief problems Charles faced were the Protestant Reformation in Germany; the dynastic conflict with King Francis I of France, particularly for supremacy in Italy; and the advance of the Ottoman Turks.
		Yet Charles failed in his purpose to return the Protestants to the Roman Catholic Church, and the human and financial cost of constant warfare drained Spanish resources; moreover, Charles’s hopes for a universal empire were thwarted by the political realities of Western Europe.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Charles5HRE.html (1449 words)

	Charles II of Spain
		Charles II of Spain (1661-1700) was king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily, reigning 1665-1700.
		He was the son of his predecessor Philip IV of Spain and of Mariana of Austria.
		Charles named Philip Bourbon of Anjou as his successor, provoking the War of the Spanish Succession.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/c/ch/charles_ii_of_spain.html (185 words)

	Charles III, king of Spain, and of Naples and Sicily. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles at first was neutral in the Seven Years War, but after concluding the Family Compact of 1761 with France, he involved Spain in the war in time to share France’s defeat.
		Spain prospered under the rule of Charles, who is regarded as the greatest Bourbon king of Spain and one of the “enlightened despots.” His reign is noted for economic and administrative reforms and for the expulsion of the Jesuits (1767).
		Charles was ably assisted by Aranda, Floridablanca, Campomanes, and Jovellanos.
	aol.bartleby.com /65/ch/Charles3Sp.html (313 words)

	CHARLES ~ OF SPAIN 67 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles was king of Castile and king of Aragon rather than king of Spain, and he did not have the same power in Aragon as he did in Castile.
		Charles V com-pleted the process of modernization by further excluding the aristocracy and staffing it with officials from the gentry and jurist classes, and by reducing its membership from sixteen to about half that number.
		When Charles V came to rule in Spain he preserved the structure of the Council of Aragon, and although it was royal policy to appoint a Castilian as treasurer, offices in Aragon were in general preserved for native incumbents.
	www.art.man.ac.uk /SPANISH/courses/sp2230/Lynch.htm (4547 words)

	Charles V Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles V abdicated the throne of Spain in 1556 and Philip II replaced his father as king of Spain.
		Charles admitted that without the financial help from the Spanish Netherlands, he would not have been able to sustain his foreign policy.
		Charles advised Philip to "attend closely to finances and learn to understand the problems involved." Unfortunately for Spain and Philip, Charles did not heed his own advice.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /Charles_V_Spain.htm (278 words)

	Charles I (from Spain) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		He was Charles I of Spain, better known as the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. In the reign of Charles V, Spain became master of nearly half the world.
		Charles ruled Spain, Naples and Sicily, the duchy of Milan, and the Netherlands and was the imperial lord of Germany as well as of the New...
		In 1526 Charles V (as Charles I of Spain) granted a tract to Pánfilo de Narváez.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-70395?tocId=70395 (1037 words)

	Charles IV (of Spain)
		King of Spain from 1788, when he succeeded his father, Charles III; he left the government in the hands of his wife and her lover, the minister Manuel de Godoy (1767–1851).
		In 1808 Charles was induced to abdicate by Napoleon's machinations in favour of his son Ferdinand VII (1784–1833), who was subsequently deposed by Napoleon's brother Joseph.
		Charles was awarded a pension by Napoleon and died in Rome.
	www.uk.tiscali.com /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0019762.html (152 words)

	Personalities of Louisiana: Charles III of Spain
		Charles' (or Don Carlos) mother is Elizabeth Farnese (1692-1766) a granddaughter of the Duke of Parma (in Italy).
		Spain surrenders Sardinia to Savoy, but Don Carlos is acknowledged to the succession of Parma and Tuscany through his mother.
		Ferdinand VI is the new king of Spain and the Indies.
	www.enlou.com /people/charlesiii-bio.htm (4686 words)

	Charles IV, king of Spain. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Unlike his father, Charles IV was an ineffective ruler and in 1792 virtually surrendered the government to Godoy, his chief minister and the favorite of his wife, María Luisa.
		Spain entered the French Revolutionary Wars in 1793, but in 1795 made peace with France in the second Treaty of Basel.
		Charles IV and his family have been frankly portrayed by Goya, one of their court painters.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Charles4Sp.html (256 words)

	Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles (February 24, 1500 - September 21 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor (as Charles V) from 1519-1558; he was also King of Spain from 1516-1556, officially as Charles I of Spain, although often referred to as Charles V ("Carlos Quinto" or "Carlos V") in Spain and Latin America.
		In a war supported by Henry VIII of England, in 1525 Charles captured François I of France and made him sign the Treaty of Madrid (1526), in which France renounced her claims on Northern Italy.
		In 1556 Charles abdicated his various positions, giving his personal empire to his son, Philip II of Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire to his brother, Ferdinand.
	www.indexlistus.de /index.php?title=Charles_I_of_Spain&redirect=no (896 words)

	armada
		Between 1569 and 1588, Spain's shipping and colonies in the New World were threatened by such English privateers as John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake, popularly known as "Sea Dogs." Elizabeth covertly encouraged the Sea Dogs and even invested in their profit-seeking ventures.
		Spain's loss, both in ships and in men, was enormous, and Spain's status as a world power was destroyed.
		Although Spain continued to fight expensive territorial and religious wars in Europe for several decades afterward, the defeat of the Spanish Armada decidedly marked the beginning of Spain's decline as an actor on the world stage.
	www.salvoblue.homestead.com /armada.html (1885 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Charles V of Spain Habsburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles V (Holy Roman Empire), and, as Charles I, king of Spain, who fought a losing battle to keep his Roman Catholic empire together in the face of emergent Protestantism and outside pressure.
		Charles was the son of Philip I, king of Castile, and Joanna the Mad; maternal grandson of Ferdinand V of Castile and Isabella I; paternal grandson of the Habsburg Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I; and great-grandson of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy.
		Charles next married Isabella of Portugal, daughter of Manuel I the Fortunate of Portugal and Mary of Spain, on 11 Mar 1526 in Seville, Spain.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/3/3269.htm (1108 words)

	Charles IV of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles IV (November 11, 1748 - January 20, 1819) was list of Spanish monarchsKing of Spain from December 14, 1788 until his abdication on March 19, 1808/.
		Charles was the second son of Charles III of SpainCharles III and his wife Maria Amelia of Saxony.
		He was the father of, amongst others, king Ferdinand VII of Spain and Carlota Joaquina, Princess of SpainCarlota Joaquina, consort of king João VI of Portugal/.
	www.infothis.com /find/Charles_IV_of_Spain (709 words)

	The Rise and Fall of the Spanish Empire. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		1516: On the death of Fernando of Aragon, the Spanish Crown goes to Charles I of Spain and V of Germany, who unites under a single sceptre the Spanish kingdoms of Castile and Aragon, plus the Italian and European dominions of the Habsburgs.
		1519: Charles is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (June 28th), which involves Spain in endless wars; the monarch confronts the Ottoman Empire, takes Francois I of France prisoner at Pavia and tries to solve the serious problem of the Reformation.
		1556: Charles abdicates and enters the monastery of Yuste (where he dies two years later), dividing his dominions between his son Philip II and his younger brother Ferdinand I. Most of the Empire remains in the hands of the Spanish branch of the House of Austria.
	www.sispain.org /english/history/rise.html (233 words)

	HistoryOfSpain
		Portugal and Castilla (Spain) were well-advanced in the exploration of overseas mercantile routes and Sevilla, a wealthy and populous Spanish city, was by then an important commercial centre.
		It was one of the noble clans, the Witiza family, that, at the beginning of the 8th century, caused the decline of the Visigoth kingdom, by appealing for aid to Muslim and Berbers warriors from across the Strait of Gibraltar to fight the royal usurper.
		The Canary Islands became part of Spanish territory (1495), the hegemony of Spain in the Mediterranean, to the detriment of France, was affirmed with the conquest of the Kingdom of Naples, and Navarre was incorporated into the Kingdom.
	mysterose.homestead.com /HistoryOfSpain.html (6423 words)

	Charles I of Spain, Holy Roman emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Charles V, Holy Roman emperor (1519-58) and, as Charles I, king of Spain (1516-56), was the son of PHILIP I and JOANNA of Castile, and grandson of Emperor MAXIMILIAN I and MARY OF BURGUNDY.
		Charles was the greatest of all HAPSBURG emperors.
		The imperialist struggle with France was a Pyrrhic victory for Spain.
	www.laughtergenealogy.com /bin/histprof/misc/charlessp.html (242 words)

	The Periphery of Francia: Spain, Britain, Eastern Europe, & Scandinavia
		Spain was sometimes styled an "empire." Ferdinand I and Alfonso VII of Castile were sometimes styled "Emperor," but in Mediaeval Europe, the Popes regarded such a title as theirs to dispense, and no self-proclaimed emperors were going to get cooperation from the Church.
		When the Pope finally crowned Emperor a King of Spain, it was Charles V (Charles I of Spain), a 1/4 German Hapsburg who had been born and raised in Belgium.
		Spain thus harmed, and shamed, itself with its intolerance, and wandered from the mainstream of modern development, but there it no doubt that its aesthetic and religious vision was powerful, autochthonous, and enduring.
	www.friesian.com /perifran.htm (11188 words)

	Flag of Spain's Charles I
		More importantly, Castile and Aragon were united to form the nation of Spain, with Carlos reigning as Charles I. By 1518, a new royal banner had been designed for King Charles I. In the famous painting "De Soto's Discovery of the Mississippi," De Soto's men are shown carrying two flags.
		On the left is a red banner with the name "De Soto" under a crown, both of which are encircled by a gold wreath.
		To the right is the royal banner of Spain's monarch, Charles I. If de Soto indeed carried Charles royal banner on his 1539-1543 exploration through the Southeast, he would have carried during his journey through present-day Georgia in 1540.
	www.cviog.uga.edu /Projects/gainfo/charles.htm (209 words)

	How successful was Charles I as king of Spain?
		Some historians have criticised Charles for holding a narrow and rigid intellectual and religious life in Spain, however, he viewed with great pride his success in protecting country from the contagion of religious heresy.
		Although in Spain after 1522 there was a remarkable period of political peace some historians do not accept that this was due to the success of Charles' rule.
		There is some evidence of popular hostility to Charles and also a feeling of unease and foreboding in the stamens of those in positions of power and responsibility.
	www.coursework.info /i/10319.html (582 words)

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