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	Charles II of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles II (Carlos Segundo) of Spain (November 6, 1661 – November 1, 1700) was king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily, nearly all of Italy (except Piedmont, the Papal States and Venice), and Spain's overseas Empire, stretching from Mexico to the Philippines.
		Charles was the only surviving son of his Habsburg predecessor, King Philip IV of Spain and his second Queen (and niece), Mariana of Austria, another Habsburg.
		Charles II was the last of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty, physically disabled, mentally retarded and disfigured (possibly through affliction with mandibular prognathism).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_II_of_Spain (963 words)

	Charles II, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Charles had promised a general amnesty in his conciliatory Declaration of Breda, and he and Clarendon, who became first minister, acted immediately to secure passage of the Act of Indemnity, pardoning all except the regicides.
		Charles also favored religious toleration (largely because of his own leanings toward Roman Catholicism), but the strongly Anglican Cavalier Parliament, which first convened in 1661, passed the series of statutes known as the Clarendon Code, which was designed to strike at religious nonconformity.
		Charles was forced to rescind (1672) his second declaration of indulgence toward dissenters, to approve (1673) the Test Act, and to sign (1674) a peace with the Dutch.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Charles2Eng.html (986 words)

	Bambooweb: King Charles II of England
		Charles II (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death.
		Charles, the eldest son of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria, was born in St James's Palace on 29 May 1630.
		Charles I was captured by the rebels in 1647, escaped, and was recaptured in 1648.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/k/i/King_Charles_II_of_England.html (2595 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		Charles II, second son of Charles I and Henrietta Marie of France, was born in 1630.
		The Whigs used Catholicism to undermine Charles; England was in the throes of yet another wave of anti-Catholicism, with the Whigs employing this paranoia in an attempt to unseat the heir apparent, Charles' Catholic brother James, from succeeding to the throne.
		Charles' tolerance was astounding considering the situation of England at the time of his ascension, but was necessary for his reign to stand a chance at success.
	www.britannia.com /history/monarchs/mon49.html (826 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Stuarts > Charles II
		Although those who had signed Charles I's death warrant were punished (nine regicides were put to death, and Cromwell's body was exhumed from Westminster Abbey and buried in a common pit), Charles II pursued a policy of political tolerance and power-sharing.
		In the face of an Anglican Parliament's opposition, Charles was eventually forced to withdraw the Declaration in 1673.
		Charles was a patron of Christopher Wren in the design and rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral, Chelsea Hospital (a refuge for old war veterans) and other London buildings.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page92.asp (937 words)

	MSN Encarta - Charles II (of England)
		Charles II (of England) (1630-1685), king of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660-1685), whose reign marked a period of relative stability after the upheaval of the English Revolution.
		On the execution of Charles I in 1649, Charles II assumed the title of king and was so proclaimed in Scotland and sections of Ireland, and in England, then ruled by Oliver Cromwell.
		In return for subsidies from Louis XIV of France, Charles formed a secret alliance with that country; in 1672 that alliance plunged England into a war with the Netherlands.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558442/Charles_II_(of_England).html (641 words)

	Charles II of Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Charles II (Carlos Segundo) of Spain (November 6, 1661 – November 1, 1700) was king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily, nearly all of Italy, except the Papal States and Venice, and Spain's overseas Empire, stretching from Mexico to the Philippines.
		Charles was the only surviving son of his predecessor, King Philip IV of Spain (a Habsburg) and his second Queen, Mariana of Austria, another Habsburg.
		Charles II named Philippe de Bourbon, Duke of Anjou as his successor; the acceptance of the Spanish inheritance by Philip's grandfather, Louis XIV of France, provoked the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1713) following the death of Charles II, and with him the Spanish Habsburgs, in 1700.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Charles-II-of-Spain.htm (750 words)

	Charles II (1630-1685) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Charles II, the eldest surviving son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France, was born at St. James's Palace, London.
		Charles saw to it that the conversion clause of the treaty was not made public.
		Charles fully shared the interests of the skeptical, materialist century that saw the foundation of the Royal Society under his charter, and he did something to foster technological improvements in navigation and ship design.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/KingCharles-II/KingCharles-II.html (1958 words)

	Famous Scots - Charles II
		Charles II was born at St James's Palace in London on 29 May, 1630.
		The Scottish Parliament declared Charles II to be king of Scotland.
		Charles publicly advocated religious tolerance and an avoidance of persecution of the Puritans.
	www.rampantscotland.com /famous/blfamcharles2.htm (761 words)

	HistoryMole: King Charles II (1630-1685) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Charles II was an easy-going man, and is known in history as the "Merry Monarch", with religious toleration dominating the political scene during his reign.
		Charles II gave large tracks of land from west of the Connecticut River to the east of Delaware Bay in North America to his brother James, the Duke of York.
		Charles II of England died and was succeeded by his brother, James II, a Roman Catholic.
	www.historymole.com /cgi-bin/main/results.pl?type=theme&theme=BritCharlesII (1541 words)

	Royalty.nu - Royal History - Charles II
		King Charles II King Charles II, the son of Charles I, reigned from 1660 to 1685.
		Charles II was succeeded by his brother, James II.
		Image of the King: Charles I and Charles II by Richard Ollard is about the public images and self images of these two kings.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/England/Stuart/CharlesII.html (1011 words)

	Oliver Cromwell and the Restoration of the Monarchy
		Charles was not as hard-headed as his father, and he agreed to the proposals.
		Charles' closest five advisors had initials which formed the word "Cabal", which came to mean a secret association because they were suspected to be the real power behind the throne.
		Charles' court was notable for its revelry and licentiousness.
	www.britainexpress.com /History/Cromwell_and_Restoration.htm (857 words)

	History of the Monarchy > The Stuarts > Charles I
		Charles I was born in Fife on 19 November 1600, the second son of James VI of Scotland (from 1603 also James I of England) and Anne of Denmark.
		Charles did not see his action as surrender, but as an opportunity to regain lost ground by playing one group off against another; he saw the monarchy as the source of stability and told parliamentary commanders 'you cannot be without me: you will fall to ruin if I do not sustain you'.
		Charles I, in his unwavering belief that he stood for constitutional and social stability, and the right of the people to enjoy the benefits of that stability, fatally weakened his position by failing to negotiate a compromise with Parliament and paid the price.
	www.royal.gov.uk /output/Page76.asp (1990 words)

	King Charles II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		King Charles II King Charles II The oldest son of King Charles I was born at St. James´s Palace on 29 May 1630.
		Declared King Charles II after his fathers death in 1649, he tried unsuccessful to get to England and the throne in 1650/51.
		Charles was known as the "Merry King", having lots of illegitimate children (13, according to one source) with his many mistresses but not one with his wife.
	www.joergs-british-autographs.de /k+q-charles2.html (197 words)

	Empire of the Bay: King Charles II
		Known as "the Merry Monarch," Charles II was king of Great Britain and Ireland from 1660 to 1685.
		Charles was forced to accept the role of limited monarch in order to regain the throne, and was known for religious tolerance.
		Charles II was restored to the throne when the puritan democracy collapsed in 1660.
	www.pbs.org /empireofthebay/profiles/charles_ii.html (361 words)

	King Charles II
		Charles was placed in charge of the west of England and took part in the Battle of Edgehill in 1642.
		Charles agreed that if he was made king he would pardon all members of the parliamentary army and would continue with the Commonwealth's policy of religious toleration.
		In 1662 Charles married Catherine of Braganza, the daughter of the King of Portugal.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /STUcharles2.htm (1764 words)

	BBC - History - Charles II (1630 - 1685)
		Charles II, as the oldest surviving son of Charles I, spent part of the English Civil War (1642-6) fighting on his father's behalf in the West of England, most notably at the Battle of Edgehill (1642).
		From exile in France, Charles attempted to save his condemned father's life by presenting to Parliament a signed blank sheet of paper, which would have allowed the government to agree to whatever terms would save his father's life.
		Charles II tried to increase religious tolerance with his Declaration of Indulgence, but was forced to withdraw it.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/historic_figures/charles_ii_king.shtml (686 words)

	Charles II, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland
		Charles II, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland: Restoration and Reign - Restoration and Reign In 1660 Gen. George Monck engineered Charles's Restoration to the throne, and...
		Charles II, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland: Character and Influence - Character and Influence Charles was a ruler of considerable political skill.
		Charles II, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland: Early Life - Early Life Prince of Wales at the time of the English civil war, Charles was sent (1645) to the W...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0811428.html (360 words)

	King Charles II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Charles II was born in London, England, on May 29, 1630.
		Religious toleration was something Charles favored, and he remained a member of the Church of England until his death on February 5, 1685, at the age of 54.
		Charles was a strong-minded, ruthless king, but at the same time was considerate, easy to talk to, and really funny.
	www.east-buc.k12.ia.us /01_02/AH/CII/cii.htm (547 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : Charles II : "The Merry Monarch"
		Charles had few ambitions but was determined, as he put it, "not to go on his travels again", by which he meant not to be forced into exile.
		Although most people were pleased to have Charles back, they did not want to go back to the days before 1647 when their monarch had tried to establish absolute power.
		Charles realised this and allowed Parliament to decide who should be punished for rebelling against his father and, more importantly, how the country's finances should be organised.
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/chap4010.html (417 words)

	Charles II on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		(Charles the Lame), 1248-1309, king of Naples (1285-1309), count of Anjou and Provence, son and successor of Charles I.
		In the war of the Sicilian Vespers between Charles I and Peter III of Aragón for possession of Sicily, Charles was captured (1284) in a naval battle by the Aragonese.
		The war in Sicily against James (James II of Aragón), son and successor of Peter III, continued until James's renunciation of Sicily and recognition of Charles II as king in 1295.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Charles2N1ap.asp (636 words)

	Britannia: The Mistresses of Charles II
		The Mistresses of Charles II by Brenda Ralph Lewis
		Charles, meanwhile, moved on to other mistresses and enjoyed at least four more before his exile ended and he was recalled to England to become king in 1660.
		Charles, too, had a sharp sense of humour, but this time, he was not amused and Moll was summarily dismissed.
	www.britannia.com /history/charmist.html (1478 words)

	Pepys' Diary: Stuart, Charles (II, King)
		Charles II was born on May 29th 1630 at Saint James’s palace in London.He was the first surviving child of Charles I and his French Queen Henrietta Maria.
		After the execution of the king the jprince was declared Charles II by all royalists and he was determined to recover his birthright.
		I recently re-read ‘The Escape of Charles II after the Battle of Worcester’ by Richard Ollard (1966, reissued 2002), and can thoroughly recommend it as a fast-moving, gripping account of the King’s time on the run in 1651, from Worcester to (eventually) France.
	www.pepysdiary.com /p/344.php (1355 words)

	Charles II
		Charles II was a sensual and romantic man -- one who loved the arts almost as much as he loved women, and a politician who was willing to do nearly anything to keep his power.
		Sewell is portraying Charles II in a 5.5 million pound four-part drama that the BBC is filming in what is supposed to be Oxford, where the king decamped to escape the plague.
		The focus of King Charles II is his court, his squabbling family and his glamorous mistresses - from the high-born and promiscuous Barbara Villiers (Helen McCrory), through folk heroine and sex symbol of the day Nell Gwynne (Emma Pierson) to the French spy Louise de Keroualle (Mélanie Thierry).
	www.aboutrufus.com /charles_ii.htm (11736 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Royal Survivor: The Life of Charles II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Charles II is a fascinating character that lived through a time of other major historical events that make this book all the more interesting.
		Charles II seemed to enjoy life, dodged parliament to the end and ultimately died a Catholic, and paved the way to his son, Monmouth's demise; his brother, James II's abdication; and his nephew, William III of Orange ascension to the throne.
		We follow Charles II from boyhood, the death of his father and his attempt to re-claim the throne which met its end at the Battle of Worcester.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/031222687X?v=glance (2338 words)

	Charles II -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Charles II, detail of a painting by Sir Peter Lely, c.
		When Elizabeth II became queen of England in 1952, her eldest son, Charles, became heir to the throne.
		The first Charles who ruled over the French was Charlemagne, whose name means “Charles the Great.” His reign belongs to the history of western Europe rather than to any one of the separate kingdoms, but he is usually considered to be the first in the line of French kings named Charles (see Charlemagne).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9022560 (843 words)

	Charles I, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland
		Charles I, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland: Reign - Reign Early Struggle with Parliament A shy and dignified figure, he was popular at the time of his...
		Charles I, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland: Early Life - Early Life He became heir to the throne on the death of his older brother Henry in 1612 and was...
		Charles I, king of England, Scotland, and Ireland: Civil War and Execution - Civil War and Execution There were no decisive victories in the civil war until Charles was...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0811427.html (313 words)

	King Charles II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The second son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria, Charles became heir to the throne when his brother died.
		Charles II accepted the Solemn League and Covenant in order to garner support from Scotland for an invasion of England.
		Charles fled to France, where he remained until 1660.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Aegean/7384/charles.html (138 words)

	King Charles II by COELLO, Claudio
		One of the most important tasks of a court painter in the age of absolutism was portraiture, either in the form of an individual, family or group portrait.
		Reproductions of a portrait of Charles II from the Städel in Frankfurt, lost in 1945, suggests that Coello toned down these lavish details somewhat in a later version.
		He is the last major representative of the Spanish tradition of painting that reached its climax in the Mannerism of the 16th century.
	www.wga.hu /html/c/coello/charles2.html (206 words)

	Overview of King Charles II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The reception of Charles by the Scots annoyed Cromwell's parliamentarian government in England and triggered an invasion of Scotland.
		Charles married the Portuguese Princess Catherine of Braganza in 1662.
		The couple had no children, although Charles had fathered several illegitimate children by his many mistresses, the most celebrated of whom was James Scott, the Duke of Monmouth and Buccleuch (1649-85).
	www.geo.ed.ac.uk /scotgaz/people/famousfirst329.html (283 words)

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