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	Holy Roman Empire - Search View - MSN Encarta
		The Holy Roman Empire was an attempt to revive the Western Roman Empire, whose legal and political structure had deteriorated during the 5th and 6th centuries and had been replaced by independent kingdoms ruled by Germanic nobles.
		Charles II received West Francia (roughly modern-day France); Lothair I acquired the imperial title and an area running from the North Sea through Lotharingia (Lorraine) and Burgundy to northern Italy; Louis II received East Francia (the German duchies of Saxony, Swabia, and Bavaria).
		In the Golden Bull of 1356, Charles specified the seven electors as the archbishops of Mainz, Trier, and Cologne; the count palatine of the Rhine; the duke of Saxony; the margrave of Brandenburg; and the king of Bohemia.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761558731__1/Holy_Roman_Empire.html (6127 words)

	Luminarium Encyclopedia: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
		CHARLES V, Roman emperor and (as Charles) king of Spain, was born at Ghent on the 24th of February 1500.
		His grandfather, the emperor Maximilian, as regent, appointed his daughter Margaret viceregent, and under her strenuous guardianship Charles lived in the Netherlands until the estates declared him of age in 1515.
		Charles hurriedly left Spain, and after a visit to Henry VIII and his aunt Catherine, was crowned at Aix on the 23rd of October 1520.
	www.luminarium.org /encyclopedia/charles5.htm (6083 words)

	Charles V, Holy Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1500–1558, Holy Roman emperor (1519–58) and, as Charles I, king of Spain (1516–56); son of Philip I and Joanna of Castile, grandson of Ferdinand II of Aragón, Isabella of Castile, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and Mary of Burgundy.
		The chief problems Charles faced were the Protestant Reformation in Germany; the dynastic conflict with King Francis I of France, particularly for supremacy in Italy; and the advance of the Ottoman Turks.
		His brother Ferdinand, king of Bohemia and Hungary (later Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I), was elected king of the Romans, or German king, in 1531.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Charles5HRE.html (1449 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Emperor Charles V
		Charles was the son of Philip, Duke of Burgundy, by Joanna, daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella, and Burgundy was the first heritage to which he at his led, on his fathers death in 1506.
		Charles, eager to push the war against the Turks, as well as to restore the unity of Christendom, was ready to partly forego his strict rights both in the Milanese and Burgundy, and to consider the question of the balance of power between his house and that of Valois.
		Charles had now to consider whether he would allow liberty of action to the Protestant princes of Germany, to whom, under pressure of war, he had made concessions, especially at the Diet of Spires in 1544.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03625a.htm (4810 words)

	Charles VI, Holy Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1685–1740, Holy Roman emperor (1711–40), king of Bohemia (1711–40) and, as Charles III, king of Hungary (1712–40); brother and successor of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I.
		On his deathbed, however, Charles II left his throne to Philip of Anjou (Philip V), grandson of King Louis XIV of France; Philip was proclaimed king in Nov., 1700.
		Although Charles, with the aid of British troops, invaded Spain and proclaimed himself king as Charles III in 1704, he was able to maintain himself only in Catalonia, with his capital at Barcelona.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Charles6HRE.html (503 words)

	Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles was born in the Flemish city of Ghent and brought up in Mechelen by his aunt Margaret until 1517.
		Charles extended the Burgundian territory with the annexation of Tournai, Artois, Utrecht, Groningen and Guelders.
		Charles abdicated midway through this conflict, leaving further conduct of the war to his son, Philip II and his brother, Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (2572 words)

	Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor - Timeline Index
		Charles V was Holy Roman Emperor from 1519-1558; he was also King of Spain from 1516-1556, officially as Charles I of Spain, although often referred to as Charles V ("Carlos Quinto" or "Carlos V") in Spain and Latin America.
		He was the son of Philip I and Joanna of Castile and grandson of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile and of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Marie, Duchess of Burgundy.
		Maximilian was born in Vienna as the son of the Emperor Frederick III and Eleanore of Portugal.
	www.timelineindex.com /content/view/1236 (473 words)

	Burgundy,Bourgogne France,French Region of Burgundy
		Charles Martel, as the Carolingian ruler of the Frankish kingdom of Austrasia [in present northeastern France and southwestern Germany], extended the frontiers of the kingdom to the east.
		In 843, Burgundy was divided between Charles I of France (later Charles II, Holy Roman emperor) and his brother, Emperor Lothair I. In 879 the kingdom of Provence, or Cisjurane Burgundy, was organized in the south, and in 888 the kingdom of Trans-Jurane Burgundy was created in the north.
		In 1033 the kingdom was annexed by Conrad II, Holy Roman emperor.
	www.french-at-a-touch.com /French_Regions/Burgundy/burgundy_4.htm (1026 words)

	Holy Roman Emperors
		The Holy Roman Empire was the designation for the political entity that originated at the coronation as emperor (962) of the German king Otto I and endured until the renunciation (1806) of the imperial title by Francis II.
		The Holy Roman Empire was a successor state to the empire founded in 800 by Charlemagne, who revived the title of Roman emperor in the West.
		Charles' triumph was brief, however, as one of the most dramatic events of the Middle Ages, the revolt of the Sicilian Vespers (1282), tore Sicily from his grasp.
	www.fortunecity.com /millennium/family/1155/holyroma.htm (2859 words)

	Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor Summary
		Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II Leopold II (born Peter Leopold Joseph) (Vienna, May 5, 1747 – Vienna, March 1, 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792 and Grand-duke of Tuscany.
		On the death of his elder brother Charles in 1761, it was decided that he should succeed to his father's grand duchy of Tuscany, which was erected into a "secundogeniture" or apanage for a second son.
		From the east he was threatened by the aggressive ambition of Catherine II of Russia and by the unscrupulous policy of Prussia.
	www.bookrags.com /Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (2671 words)

	End of Europe's Middle Ages - Holy Roman Empire
		A political empire imposed across geographic and ethnic boundaries, at the start of the fourteenth century, the Holy Roman Empire was comprised of present-day Germany and extended across Prussia, Hungary, Bohemia, Switzerland, and parts of southern and northern Italy.
		In 1400, the Electors deposed Wenzeslaus and elevated Rupert of the Palatinate to the throne.
		The last emperor of the late Middle Ages was Maximilian I of Habsburg (1459-1519) who expanded the Holy Roman Empire and firmly established the Habsburg dynasty as a European power.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/endmiddle/holy.html (901 words)

	AH 330 (Hutchison): Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
		1349- Charles marries Anna of the Palatinate, at Bacharach (on the Rhine).
		1355- Coronation with the Crown of the Lombards in Milan; coronation as Holy Roman Emperor in Rome.
		Holy Cross Chapel, Karlstein: located in the top of the tallest tower at Karlstein, it served as the treasury for the Imperial crown, sceptre, orb and other coronation regalia, as well as for the Emperor's most precious holy relics, including a piece of the True Cross.
	www.wisc.edu /arth/ah330/charles.html (1926 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles VII, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Charles VII 1697–1745, Holy Roman emperor (1742–45) and, as Charles Albert, elector of Bavaria (1726–45).
		Having married a daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I, he refused to recognize the pragmatic sanction of 1713 by which Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI (his wife's uncle) reserved the succession to the Hapsburg lands for his daughter, Maria Theresa.
		On Charles VI's death (1740) he advanced his own claim and joined with Frederick II (of Prussia), France, Spain, and Saxony to attack Maria Theresa (see Austrian Succession, War of the).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Charles7HRE.html (251 words)

	Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles IV (German: Karl IV, Czech: Karel IV, Hungarian: Károly IV) (born Wenceslaus, 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378), of the House of Luxembourg, was eldest son and heir of John the Blind, from whom he inherited Luxembourg and Bohemia on 26 August 1346.
		Charles received a French education and was literate and fluent in five languages: Latin, Czech, German, French, and Italian.
		Charles' imperial policy was focused on the dynastic sphere and abandoned the lofty ideal of the Empire as a universal monarchy of Christendom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (889 words)

	History of Papal Electoral Law
		Often the Emperors had their pet heresies which Rome resisted as heterodox, and the process of seeking his consent, or that of his representative in Ravenna, often delayed the inauguration of the pontificate by weeks or even months.
		The emperor would not interfere in the election, but would require an oath of allegiance to himself of the electee.
		Further, they could not be illegitimate sons, have any impediments for receiving holy orders, have had children or grandchildren, nor be the brothers, nephews, uncles, cousins, or any relative of first or second degree, of members of the Sacred College.
	www.ewtn.com /holysee/Interregnum/laws.asp (2095 words)

	Holy Roman Empire
		The (second) medieval revival of the Western Roman Empire was referred to as The Holy Roman Empire which lasted from 962 AD to 1806.
		Francis II ruled thereafter as Francis I of the Austrian Empire (established in 1804).
		Usually, the king of Germany became emperor -considered by Europeans the title of most prestige- as soon as he was crowned by the pope.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/HolyRomanEmpire.htm (387 words)

	Holy Roman Emperor Charles V Had Gout - Arthritis and arthritic conditions, medications, and treatment on ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The emperor suffered intense pain throughout his life, was carried about in a special chair and entered a monastery two years before his death, handing over his territories to his son, Phillip II, and the Holy Empire to his brother, Ferdinand I, the study authors said.
		Charles V, who was also King Charles I of Spain, ruled for 40 years during the transition from the Middle Ages to modern times.
		While Charles V was known to have other medical problems, including hemorrhoids and possibly diabetes, the gout "was the worst of his conditions," Fernandez said.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=63252 (760 words)

	Leopold II (Holy Roman Empire) - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Leopold II (Holy Roman Empire) (1747-1792), Holy Roman emperor (1790-1792), son of Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa and brother of Emperor...
		Charles VI (Holy Roman Empire) (1685-1740), Holy Roman Emperor (1711-1740) and, as Charles III, King of Hungary (1712-1740), the son of Holy Roman...
		Francis II (Holy Roman Empire) (1768-1835), last Holy Roman Emperor (1792-1806) and, as Francis I, first emperor of Austria (1804-1835).
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Leopold_II_(Holy_Roman_Empire).html (117 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: The Golden Bull of Charles IV 1356
		For instance the number of electors of the emperor had been fixed at seven since 1273, but it was not always clear which seven princes ere the electors.
		As Charles himself was King of Bohemia, and knowing it was useless to try and restore German kingship, he exerted himself to to secure for Bohemia all possible advantages.
		When the news of the death of the king of the Romans has been received at Mainz, within one month from the date of receiving it the archbishop of Mainz shall send notices of the death and of the approaching election to all the electoral princes.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/goldenbull.html (968 words)

	Charles V, Holy Roman emperor — Infoplease.com
		of Castile, grandson of Ferdinand II of Aragón, Isabella of Castile, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and Mary of Burgundy.
		Charles V, Holy Roman emperor: Assessment - Assessment During Charles's rule the Spanish Empire was tremendously expanded in the New World.
		Charles V, Holy Roman emperor: Early Years - Early Years Born at Ghent, Charles was brought up in Flanders by his aunt, Margaret of Austria, who...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0811423.html (250 words)

	Ferdinand II, Holy Roman emperor — FactMonster.com
		Ferdinand II Ferdinand II, 1578–1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), king of Bohemia (1617–37) and of Hungary (1618–37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias.
		He was chosen successor to Matthias and became, before the emperor's death, king of Bohemia and Hungary.
		Holy Roman Empire: Emperors - Holy Roman Empire: Emperors Charlemagne (Charles I), emperor of the West (800–814),...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0818462.html (354 words)

	[No title]
		Gregory VII planned to reunite the churches by extending the holy war from Spain to Asia.
		According to Italian traditions, Michael died in Italy at the Court of the Holy Roman Emperor (supposedly from being hit by a piece of masonry falling from a church).
		As his father had rebelled against two previous emperors, he was often in exile.
	www.lycos.com /info/holy-roman-emperor--church.html (286 words)

	Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor Summary
		Maximilian II's dealings with the German Protestants were made more difficult by the ferocious dogmatic hostilities between the several Lutheran sects and between the Lutherans and Calvinists.
		As was the case with all the emperors of the period, the Turkish threat in Hungary determined much of Maximilian's policy toward the German princes and foreign powers.
		Maximilian II of the Habsburg dynasty (July 31, 1527 - October 12, 1576) was king of Bohemia from 1562, king of Hungary from 1563 and emperor of the Holy Roman Empire from 1564 until his death.
	www.bookrags.com /Maximilian_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1072 words)

	Charles VI, Holy Roman emperor — FactMonster.com
		Charles VI Charles VI, 1685–1740, Holy Roman emperor (1711–40), king of Bohemia (1711–40) and, as Charles III, king of Hungary (1712–40); brother and successor of Holy Roman Emperor
		Since Charles had no male heirs, one of his chief concerns was to secure the succession to the Hapsburg lands for his daughter,
		Charles III, king of Hungary - Charles III, king of Hungary: see Charles VI, Holy Roman emperor.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0811424.html (475 words)

	December 26: Holy Roman Emperor Charles
		On Christmas Day, as King Charles of France knelt in prayer before the altar of the church of St. Peter's in Rome, Pope Leo III suddenly placed a golden crown on his head.
		The Roman people shouted three times, "To Charles Augustus, crowned by God, the great and pacific emperor of the Romans, life and victory!" Charles was reverenced by the pope and called Emperor and Augustus, after the manner of the leaders of ancient Rome.
		History of Christianity is a survey course designed to stimulate your curiosity by providing glimpses of some of the pivotal events in the spread Christianity and sketches of great Christian figures who have significantly affected Christian history thereby shaping the history of the world.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2003/12/daily-12-26-2003.shtml (605 words)

	Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikimedia Commons
		en: Charles V (1500–1558) was King of Spain from 1516 to 1556 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1519 to 1556.
		Charles V at the battle of Mühlberg, painted by Tizian
		Charles V with dog by Jakob Seisenegger (1532); similar, but not identical, to Tizian painting
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (171 words)

	Freer Family Genealogy Research - History of Flemish
		About 862 Baldwin I, son inlaw of the Carolingian emperor Charles the Bald (later Charles II, Holy Roman emperor), was created the first count of Flanders.
		In the 11th century, Flanders became a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire, as well as of the French crown.
		Margaret's son Guy de Dampierre succeeded to the countship of Flanders, and her grandson John II of Avesnes became count of Hainaut.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~sfreer/flemish.html (839 words)

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