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	Charles I of Sicily - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Charles I (March 1227 (or 1226) - January 7, 1285) was the posthumous (or born ten months before father's death: sources suggest two possible birth years) son of King Louis VIII of France by Blanche of Castile.
		In 1266 Charles was invested by Pope Clement IV with the kingship of Naples and Sicily, in return for expelling Manfred, son of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II.
		This was cemented by dynastic marriages: In 1270, Charles's heir Charles married Stephen's daughter, and Charles's daughter Elisabeth was betrothed to Stephen's only son and heir, the future Ladislaus IV of Hungary, whom she married in 1272 soon after Stephen's death.
	www.eastcleveland.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Charles_of_Anjou (996 words)

	Charles IX of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Technically Charles was, without doubt, guilty of high treason, and the considerable minority of all dasses which adhered to Sigismund on his landing in Sweden in 1598 indisputably behaved like loyal subjects.
		King Charles IX Finally, the Riksdag at Linköping, February 24, 1600 declared that Sigismund and his posterity had forfeited the Swedish throne, and, passing over duke John, the second son of John III, a youth of ten, recognized duke Charles as their sovereign under the title of Charles IX.
		Indisputably Charles was cruel, ungenerous and vindictive; yet he seems, at all hazards, strenuously to have endeavoured to do his duty during a period of political and religious transition, and, despite his violence and brutality, possessed many or the qualities of a wise and courageous statesman.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_IX_of_Sweden (941 words)

	Charles IX of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Charles IX (June 27, 1550 – May 30, 1574) was born Charles-Maximilien, the son of King Henri II of France and Catherine de Medici.
		In 1572, Charles IX oversaw the massacre of thousands of Huguenots (Protestants) from in and around Paris in what became known as the St.
		Charles IX died at Vincennes, Val-de-Marne in 1574 and was succeeded by his brother Henri III.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Charles_IX_of_France (255 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles IX, king of Sweden (Scandinavian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Charles IX 1550–1611, king of Sweden (1604–11), youngest son of Gustavus I. He was duke of SOdermanland, NArke, and VArmland before his accession.
		This measure was passed in anticipation of the arrival (1594) of John III's Catholic son and heir, King Sigismund III of Poland, who was obliged to pledge himself to uphold Protestantism in Sweden as a condition for his coronation.
		Sigismund landed an army at Kalmar (1598), was defeated by Charles at Stangebro, and was deposed by the Riksdag in 1599.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Charles9Swe.html (371 words)

	CHARLES - LoveToKnow Article on CHARLES
		The nobility and the majority ofthe Riksdag supported John, however, in his endeavours to unify the realm, and Charles had consequently (1587) to resign his pretensions to autonomy within his duchy; but, fanaticalCalvinist as he was, on the religious question he was immovable.The matter came to a crisis on the death of John III.
		Charles forced the elector, indeed, at the point of the sword to become his ally and vassal (treaty of KOnigsberg, Jan. i~, 1656); but the Polish national rising now imperatively demanded his presence in the south.
		On the 28th of January 1658, Charles X. arrived at Haderslev (Hadersleben) in South Jutland, when it was estimated that in a couple of days the ice of the Little Belt would be firm enough to bear even the passage of a mail-clad host.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CH/CHARLES.htm (2194 words)

	Brewer, E. Cobham. Dictionary of Phrase & Fable. Charles.
		Charles II., the Fat, reigned wretchedly, and died a beggarly dependent on the stinting bounty of the Archbishop of Metz.
		Charles IV., the Fair, reigned six years, married thrice, but buried all his children except one daughter, who was forbidden by the Salic law to succeed to the crown.
		Charles X. spent a quarter of a century in exile, and when he succeeded to the throne, fled for his life and died in exile.
	www.bartleby.com /81/3399.html (268 words)

	King Charles IX Valois of France (1550-1574) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		harles IX (1550-74), King of France, son of Henry II, and Catherine de Medici, succeeded to the throne at the age of ten on the death of his brother, Francis II.
		Charles was seized with remorse, and died at Vincennes.
		Charles IX (of France) (1550-74), king of France (1560-74), born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
	www.geocities.com /jerry_l.geo/Notes/00175.htm (183 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles IX, king of France (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		After 1570, however, Charles was temporarily under the sway of the French Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny.
		Catherine, fearing for her power, persuaded her weak son to approve the massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day in which Coligny and thousands of other Huguenots were murdered.
		Charles IX was succeeded by his brother Henry III.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Charles9Fr.html (198 words)

	Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Charles IX had usurped the throne, having ejected his nephew Sigismund III Vasa (who was also king of Poland) in 1599, and the resulting dynastic quarrel involved Sweden and Poland in a war that continued intermittently for 60 years.
		Charles had also begun a war in Russia in an attempt to put forward a Swedish candidate for the vacant Russian throne and then, when his armies were deeply committed in Russia, had rashly provoked war with Denmark.
		Charles IX had intervened in Russia to prevent the Poles from placing their own candidate on the Russian throne; the election of the Russian Michael Romanov in 1613 had ended that danger, and Gustav continued the struggle with the deliberate intention of annexing as much of Russian territory as possible.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/britannicapages/GustavusAdolphus/GustavusAdolphus.html (2712 words)

	Charles IX of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Charles IX, or Karl IX (1550-1611), king of Sweden, was the youngest son of Gustav I of Sweden and Margareta Lejonhufvud.
		By his father’s will he got, by way of appanage, the Duchy of Sudermannia, which included the provinces of Nericia and Wermelandia; but he did not come into actual possession of them till after the fall of Eric XIV of Sweden, 1569.
		The hostility of Poland and the break up of Russia involved him in two overseas contests for the possession of Livonia and Ingria, while his pretensions to Lapponia brought upon him a war with Denmark in the last year of his reign.
	usapedia.com /c/charles-ix-of-sweden.html (855 words)

	Henry IV of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Henry IV was the 9th cousin of King Henry II, and the 9th cousin once removed of kings Francis II, Charles IX, and Henry III.
		He became the legal heir to the French throne upon the death in 1584 of François, Duke of Alençon, brother and heir to the Catholic King Henri III, who had succeeded Charles IX in 1574.
		Since Henry of Navarre was a descendant of King Louis IX, King Henry III had no choice but to recognize him as the legitimate successor.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Henry_IV_of_France (1831 words)

	Charles article - Charles first name Charles Darwin Charles Babbage Germanic churl Swedish - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Charles is a very common male first name.
		Charles I of France (Charles II, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles the Bald)
		Charles II of France (Charles III, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles the Fat)
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Charles (222 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Catherine De' Medici
		As Charles IX, Catherine's second son and the successor of Francis II, was scarcely ten years old, Catherine was regent and virtually sovereign.
		It was indeed a great period in Catherine's life: Charles IX who had attained his majority on the 27th of June solemnly declared to her that she should govern more than ever; the treaty with England, 11 April, 1564, assured Calais to France; and Catherine and the young king made a tour of the provinces.
		Charles IX died 30 May, 1574, and Henry, Duke of Anjou, whom Catherine had but lately made King of Poland, became King of France.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03443a.htm (1490 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Charles IX (of France)
		Charles IX (of France) (1550-1574), king of France (1560-1574), born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
		Charles I (of Two Sicilies) (1226-1285), king of the Two Sicilies (1266-1285).
		Baudelaire, Charles Pierre (1821-1867), French poet and critic, a leader of the symbolist school.
	encarta.msn.com /Charles_IX_(of_France).html (232 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
		On 12 September, 1571, the Admiral de Coligny came to Blois, where Charles IX resided, to superintend and further this new policy, and it would seem that just at that time the king was sincere in seeking the support of Coligny and the Protestants against Philip II.
		The Protestants became excited and Charles IX grew angry, declaring that the peace edict must be observed.
		It is not surprising, therefore, that, on 22 September, Gregory XIII should have written to Charles IX: "Sire, I thank God that He was pleased to preserve and defend Your Majesty, Her Majesty, the Queen-mother and Your Majesty's royal bothers from the horrible conspiracy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13333b.htm (3797 words)

	Charles IX (of Sweden) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In 1568 he and his brother John led the rebellion against Eric XIV (1533–1577); John became king as John III and attempted to catholicize Sweden, and Charles led the opposition.
		John’s son Sigismund, King of Poland and a Catholic, succeeded to the Swedish throne in 1592, and Charles led the Protestants.
		Charles was elected king of Sweden in 1604 and was involved in unsuccessful wars with Russia, Poland, and Denmark.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0019742.html (164 words)

	St. Charles of Sezze - Saint of the Day - American Catholic
		Charles thought that God was calling him to be a missionary in India, but he never got there.
		Born in Sezze, southeast of Rome, Charles was inspired by the lives of Salvator Horta and Paschal Baylon to become a Franciscan; he did that in 1635.
		Father Gori says that the autobiography of Charles "stands as a very strong refutation of the opinion, quite common among religious people, that saints are born saints, that they are privileged right from their first appearance on this earth.
	www.americancatholic.org /Features/SaintOfDay?id=1264 (511 words)

	Degenerate - Black Magic Woman - Chapter 19 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Chapter Nineteen: The Death of Charles IX Nostradamus' prediction that the House of Valois would soon be extinct bothered Catherine more than she led on.
		Later writers would diagnose Charles illness as tuberculosis; again, the idea that Catherine had poisoned him with arsenic sprinkled on the pages of a book on falconing intended for the King of Navarre is but a legend.
		Charles' marriage to Elizabeth of Austria (who, unlike Catherine and other queens before her, had absolutely no role in court life) had given but a single child - a girl, who did not long survive her father.
	www.diacritica.com /degenerate/8/catherine19.html (1241 words)

	Charles IX -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The second son of Henry II and Catherine, Charles became king on the death of his brother Francis II, but his mother was regent.
		Charles VI king of France who throughout his long reign (1380–1422) remained largely a figurehead, first because he was still a boy when he took the throne and later because of his periodic fits of madness.
		Charles IX (born 1550, ruled 1560–74) came to the throne in the midst of the Reformation and the fierce civil wars between the Roman Catholics and the Huguenots (Protestants) (see Reformation).
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9022551?tocId=9022551 (650 words)

	Charles IX (from Charles, kings of France) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Charles IX Charles IX (born 1550, ruled 1560–74) came to the throne in the midst of the Reformation and the fierce civil wars between the Roman Catholics and the Huguenots (Protestants) (see Reformation).
		The first Charles who ruled over the French was Charlemagne, whose name means “Charles the Great.” His reign belongs to the history of western Europe rather than to any one of the separate kingdoms, but he is usually considered to be the first in the line of French kings named Charles (see Charlemagne).
		Usually known as the prince of Wales, Charles is also earl of Chester, duke of Cornwall, duke of Rothesay, earl of Carrick, and baron of Renfrew, among other titles.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-198445?tocId=198445&ct=eb (707 words)

	Biography of Charles VI the mad of France (1368-1422) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Biography of Charles VI the mad of France (1368-1422)
		Charles rushed forward with a drawn sword and killed 4 of his own men before he could be overpowered.
		Lifted from his horse, Charles lay flat and speechless on the ground, his eyes rolling wildly from side to side.
	www.xs4all.nl /~kvenjb/madmonarchs/charles6/charles6_bio.htm (48 words)

	Articles - Charles IX of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The politics of that era was greatly influenced by the power of the ambitious Catherine de Medici and the Guises.
		During the reign of Charles IX a new product was introduced, designed to cure ulcers and heal wounds along with other such benefits.
		Charles IX had an illegitimate son from his mistress, Marie Touchet: the Duc d'AngoulÃªme.
	www.gaple.com /articles/Charles_IX_of_France?mySession=7970a97fcef79f02afac7cef0d109a27 (344 words)

	Charles IX King of France
		King Charles IX of France was only a child of ten years of age when he ascended the throne of France on December 6, 1560.
		She could do her country a huge favour by getting rid of her mad son King Charles IX — there was no doubt about that.
		Charles IX died on May 30, 1574, at the age of 24 years, his end more than likely hastened by a considerate mother, or so historians suspect.
	www.fire-star.org /murders/charles.html (626 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Saint Charles of Sezze
		His family encouraged his vocation to the priesthood, but Charles was a terrible student, barely able to read or write, and had no hope of success in seminary.
		He convinced the superior the two things were related, and Charles was allowed to be more opened handed to travellers; alms to the friars increased.
		The autobiography of Charles stands as a very strong refutation of the opinion, quite common among religious people, that saints are born saints, that they are privileged right from their first appearance on this earth.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/saintc23.htm (385 words)

	Charles II the Man & the Statesman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Charles Ilfeld Company: a Study of the Rise and Decline of Mercantile Capitalism in New Mexico
		Charles J Bonaparte Patrician Reformer His Early Career John Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science Sixty First Series 1
		Charles de Salaberry : soldier of the empire, defender of Quebec
	www.buydiscountedbooks.com /9613_charles-ix/emmanuel-bourassin.html (98 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History Biographies : The Medici Queens
		The next in line to the throne was 10-year old Charles who was crowned Charles IX in 1560.
		Charles, however, reached an age when he was capable of taking on his duties as king.
		By 1572 the 22-year old Charles was under the influence of a certain Admiral Gaspard de Coligny.
	www.saburchill.com /history/biblio/020.html (452 words)

	EXplorations in Medicine
		After Henry II's death in 1559, he remained at the court as surgeon in ordinary to the new King, Charles IX, and was appointed premier surgeon to the King in 1662.
		He had been in the court during almost the entire lifetime of Charles IX, to whom he was a great friend and favorite.
		On the death of Charles IX, he was reappointed premier surgeon to Henry III.
	interzone.com /~cheung/SUM.dir/med48.html (550 words)

	HWC, St Bartholomew's Day Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		By the 1570s, the young king Charles IX was asserting himself independtly of his mother.
		Charles leaned toward the Protestants and was friendly with Coligny.
		Henry was a leading Protestant prince, Marguerite was Charles IX's sister.
	history.boisestate.edu /westciv/reformat/france05.htm (337 words)

	Charles IX as Mars (Getty Museum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Allegory of Charles IX as Mars and Allegory of Catherine de'Medici as Juno
		These small enamel plaques present allegorical portraits of Charles IX and his mother, Queen Catherine de'Medici.
		On one plaque, Charles appears in the guise of Mars, wielding a shield and sword and drawn in a chariot by wolves, animals sacred to the god of war.
	www.getty.edu /art/collections/objects/o1338.html (221 words)

	Catherine de Medici - PART II Chapter I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A princess able to occupy herself with other things besides her prayer-book might have been a useful helper to Charles IX., who found no prop to lean on, either in his wife or in his mistress.
		The queen-mother, as she sat there in that brown room, was closely observing the king, who, during supper, had exhibited a boisterous good-humor which she felt to be assumed in order to mask some intention against her.
		This sudden gaiety contrasted too vividly with the struggle of mind he endeavored to conceal by his eagerness in hunting, and by an almost maniacal toil at his forge, where he spent many hours in hammering iron; and Catherine was not deceived by it.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/lit/debalzac/CatherinedeMedici/chap19.html (2996 words)

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