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Topic: Kao, Charles

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	Asiaweek.com \| Asian of the Century \| Charles K. Kao \| 12/10/99
		All intersect at a laboratory in London where in 1963, a 30-year-old Kao began experiments that culminated in the proof of a visionary concept - that strands of glass fibers thinner than human hair and cheaper to produce than fishing line can transmit near-limitless amounts of digitized data on pulses of laser light.
		But it was Shanghai-born Kao, 66, now known as "the father of fiber optics," who demonstrated how the impossible could happen.
		But Kao argued that signal degradation was due to impurities in fibers, not the glass itself.
	www.asiaweek.com /asiaweek/features/aoc/aoc.kao.html (953 words)

	Draper Laboratory - Draper Prize 1999 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Charles Kao is credited for first publicly proposing the possibility of practical telecommunications using fibers in the 1960s.
		Kao, employed by ITT's Standard Telecommunications Laboratories in the 1960s, theorized about how to use light for communication instead of bulky copper wire and was the first to publicly propose the possibility of a practical application for fiber-optic telecommunication.
		The Draper Prize was endowed in 1988 by The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in memory of its founder and to increase public understanding of the contributions of engineering and technology to society.
	www.draper.com /corporate/drprize/dp99.htm (1321 words)

	Dr. Charles Kuen Kao
		Kao is one of the most significant contributors to the field of fiber optic communications.
		His 1966 paper on the theory and practice of the use of optical fiber for communications applications was groundbreaking in its field.
		Kao later went on to help design some devices for use in optical military and civil communications.
	www.marconifoundation.org /pages/fellows/Fellows_details/kao.htm (107 words)

	Engology.com, Engineer Charles Kao, Professor, Engineer Inventor, Father of Fiber Optics, Patents, Professional ...
		Charles Kao (Chinese University of Hong Kong) is recognized internationally as the "Father of Fiber Optic Communications" and was the Vice Chancellor (President) of the Chinese University of Hong Kong.
		Charles Kao is credited for first publicly proposing the possibility of practical telecommunications using fibers.
		Maurer was motivated by Kao's early work, but based on his knowledge of glass, he concluded that modified fused silica (that is, a glass composed primarily of silica) was more promising than the multi-component glasses that were being investigated by others.
	www.engology.com /eng5kao.htm (1295 words)

	irasia.com - Sun Hung Kai Properties Limited
		Kao was the pioneer in the field of optical fibre communications in the 1960s, while at US telecommunications giant ITT's research facility, Standard Telecommunications Laboratories.
		Kao's work was recognized with his being named the "Asian of the Century in Science and Technology" by a leading regional news magazine.
		Kao was the Vice Chancellor (President) of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, and since 1996 he has run his own company which specializes in technology transfer and outlook projects.
	www.irasia.com /listco/hk/shkp/press/p000210.htm (787 words)

	1996(kao) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In this way, the achievement of Dr. Kao and his coworker has played a leading and pioneering role in a series of efforts for exploiting transmission lines based on fiber optics, and provided tremendous impact to the further development of optical communication technology, acquiring high esteem in the international communities.
		As mentioned in the above, the candidate, based on his foresight for the potential capability of optical fiber to transmit broadband information at low loss and on experimental demonstration of its feasibility, has exerted a sizable impact to the exploitation of optical fiber communications, which is currently under way to the world wide applications.
		In conclusion, Dr. Charles K. Kao is a meritorious recipient deserving the 1996 (12th) Japan Prize.
	www.japanprize.jp /e_1996(kao).htm (409 words)

	Charles Kao appraises Fiber Optics
		Charles Kao appraises current status and future promise of fiber optics
		Charles K. Kao, Chairman and CEO of Transtech Services Ltd, is recognized internationally as the father of optical fiber communication.
		Among his international honors and awards are the Marconi International Fellowship, the Japan Prize, the Charles Stark Draper Prize, and the 1992 SPIE Gold Medal of the Society.
	www.spie.org /web/oer/june/jun00/kao.html (506 words)

	Welcome to Hans Anderson Club
		Charles Kuen Kao was born in 1933 in Shanghai, China.
		Recognized as the “Father of Fiber Optics”, Dr. Kao predicted the performance levels fiber optics could attain, and prescribed the basic design and means to make fiber optics a practical and significant communications/transmission medium.
		Kao has published and presented well over 200 papers, and edited and authored several texts on optical fibers and a book on the business of high technology.
	www.hac.org.hk /eng/about_patron.html (457 words)

	Princeton awards five honorary degrees
		Armed with intellectual energy and a persuasive persistence, he has demonstrated to leaders in the nonprofit world that giving funds to those who work at the grass roots is as important as getting funds from those who play on the grass courts.
		Charles Kao is internationally known for his pioneering work in fiber optical research and the development of optical fiber transmission systems, which now serve as the backbone of all major communication routes in the world.
		Kao's work has been recognized by numerous professional awards, including the Charles Stark Draper Prize of the National Academy of Engineering, the Japan Prize (the country's equivalent of the Nobel Prize), a Marconi International Fellowship and the Alexander Graham Bell Medal of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
	www.princeton.edu /pr/news/04/q2/0601-honorary.htm (1212 words)

	Prof. Charles K Kao
		Charles K Kao speaks on the impact of IT in Hong Kong
		Charles K Kao, internationally recognized as the 'Father of Fibre Optics Communications'.
		Kao is happy to see the development of the Cyberport and believes it will bring many jobs to Hong Kong.
	www.ouhk.edu.hk /~openlink/current/0001/e-tena1.htm (319 words)

	Infrared Astronomy: The Kuiper Airborne Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO) is an airplane that flies above most of the Earth's atmosphere with an infrared telescope.
		KAO allows scientists to gather astronomical data that is unavailable from Earth.
		Actually, there are several kinds of nebulas (or nebulae) including gas clouds that may be coming together, masses of stars in a cluster or a galaxy that look like a cloud in a small telescope, and gaseous debris thrown off from an exploding star.
	vathena.arc.nasa.gov /curric/space/lfs/kao.html (1037 words)

	Korean orthodontists with proper credentials may begin announcing themselves as specialists in 2008
		The Korean Association of Orthodontists (KAO) and the Korean Dental Association (KDA) have been striving to achieve recognition of orthodontic specialists for the past several decades.
		The KAO was founded in 1959 and has 2,400 members.
		The KAO is working to revise the membership requirements so that the organization will only be open to orthodontic specialists in the future.
	www.wfo.org /gazette-vol9-issue2/kao.cfm (451 words)

	Developers of Fiber Optic Technology Receive Draper Prize; NAE Awards Now Total $1 Million with New Russ Prize
		WASHINGTON - The National Academy of Engineering (NAE) announced that three engineers - Charles K. Kao, Robert D. Maurer, and John B. MacChesney - are the recipients of the 1999 Charles Stark Draper Prize for their work in developing fiber optic technology, a watershed event in the global telecommunications and information technology revolution.
		The Charles Stark Draper Prize, endowed by Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Mass., was established in 1988 to recognize individuals whose outstanding engineering achievements have contributed to the well-being and freedom of humanity.
		Kao, who was working at ITT's Standard Telecommunications Laboratories in the 1960s, theorized about how to use light for communication instead of bulky copper wire and was the first to publicly propose the possibility of a practical application for fiber optic telecommunication.
	www.nae.edu /NAE/naehome.nsf/weblinks/NAEW-4NHMQR?OpenDocument (911 words)

	Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You - Timeline - 1934 to 1966
		In 1966, engineers Charles K. Kao and George A. Hockham, published a paper promoting the feasibility of fiber-optic technology for communications.
		Kao believed that most of the losses in transmitting light through glass fibers were due to absorption by impurities, most notably lead, and that those losses could be diminished enough to make fiber optics a useful medium for communications.
		Electrical engineers Charles K. Kao (China) and George A. Hockham (England) publish a paper advocating the use of fiber-optic technology for communications.
	micro.magnet.fsu.edu /optics/timeline/1934-1966.html (1472 words)

	Honorary doctorate for father of fibre optics: News from University of Greenwich
		Prof Kao began experimenting in London in 1963, culminating in the proof that strands of glass fibres can transmit near limitless amounts of digitised data on pulses of laser light.
		Prof Kao's theoretical and practical research in the 1960s produced 29 patented discoveries and contributed significantly to the development and subsequent commercialisation of optical-fibre communication components and systems that made the telecommunications revolution possible.
		Prof Kao has received awards from institutions around the world and was awarded a CBE in 1993 in recognition of his work.
	www.electronicstalk.com /news/usi/usi101.html (464 words)

	Bryson Burke Diamond Corporation: Diamond Exploration and Mining in Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In the midst of this research, in December 1964, Karbowiak left STL to become chair of electrical engineering at the University of New South Wales in Australia, and Kao succeeded him as manager of optical communications research.
		Kao observed that short-distance runs have shown that the experimental optical waveguide developed by Standard Telecommunications Laboratories has an information-carrying capacity...
		It took four years to reach Kao's goal of 20 dB/km, and the route to success proved different than many had expected.
	brysonburke.com /rr_reflection_fibre_optics_history.html (2256 words)

	ITT \| Advancing Human Progress
		From his ITT office in London, 30-year-old Charles Kao shattered conventional wisdom, arguing that the signal degradation was due to impurities in fibers, not the glass itself.
		It was just a theory, but Dr. Kao stood by it with the stubbornness born of youth.
		Excerpted and adapted from a 1999 AsiaWeek article, in which Dr. Charles Kao was named Asian of the Century in the field of Science and Technology.
	www.itt.com /news/adv_prog/easier.html (618 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Lighting the way to a revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In 1966, Dr Charles Kuen Kao and George Hockham, both young research engineers from the Standard Telecommunications Laboratories, addressed a meeting at the Institute of Electrical Engineers in London with their exciting new findings on the possibilities of optical fibres.
		But the breakthrough came when Dr Kao worked out that the loss of light was not an inherent property of the glass, but was due to imperfections in the material.
		Professor Charles Kao, who is now chairman and CEO of ITX services, told the BBC News website of the intense pressure of working on such a groundbreaking area.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/4671788.stm (1348 words)

	The History of Fiber Optics - Blossom 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Kao took a long, hard look at fiber attenuation.
		Kao and Hockham's detailed analysis was published in the July 1966 Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers.
		With Kao almost evangelically promoting the prospects of fiber communications, and the Post Office interested in applications, laboratories around the world began trying to reduce fiber loss.
	web.1asphost.com /blossom/article/fiber.asp (1299 words)

	Fiber Optics Pioneer Maurer recalls early days
		Charlie Kao was in contact with various people in England then, including the British Post Office.
		He is co-recipient of the 1999 Charles Stark Draper Prize (National Academy of Engineering) along with Charles Kao and John MacChesney.
		Maurer and Kao were interviewed by Frederick Su, a freelance writer based in Bellingham, WA.
	www.spie.org /web/oer/june/jun00/maurer.html (1861 words)

	CEAS \| Fellowships & Study Abroad
		In general, applications from international students proposing research projects in their country of origin are ineligible for Charles Kao Fund Research Grants.
		Recipients of a Charles Kao grant must submit a project report of no less than three pages upon their return from abroad.
		Accepting a Charles Kao grant obligates one to fulfill this requirement.
	research.yale.edu /eastasianstudies/fkao.php (410 words)

	Kao Brands Company — Mission and Principles
		and Charles H. Geilfus, The Andrew Jergens Company was originally known as The Jergens Soap Company, with a coconut oil soap as its original product.
		So when Kao Corporation of Japan decided to expand into the US market in the late 1980’s, they immediately took an interest in The Andrew Jergens Company, acquiring it in 1988.
		Throughout the 1990’s, Kao Corporation acquired several new brands, filling out its diverse portfolio of products under The Andrew Jergens Company umbrella.
	www.kaobrands.com /aboutus/ajcStory.html (307 words)

	Modern Chinese Inventions - History Forum
		the idea of transmitting light through optical fiber was invented by C.K. Kao in 1966.
		One single strand of optical fiber can theoretically carry over 1 terahertz of bandwidth if multiple wavelengths of light (different colors) are multiplexed onto the line.
		Charles K. Kao was born in China, studied in London, work in the UK,
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=876 (1857 words)

	CHINESE RESOURCES 耶鲁的中文资源
		The Charles Kao Fund supports grants to graduate and professional students and to undergraduates, including graduating seniors, for summer research in East and Southeast Asia.
		Research should focus on the impact of technology transfer processes between Asia and the West, and social, cultural, and political transformations in these regions.
		Priority will be given to students with demonstrated long-term academic commitment to East or Southeast Asia, or who need substantial first hand exposure to Asia to complete a course of academic study.
	www.yale.edu /cpp/docs/resources4.htm (102 words)

	Aspects of Architecture in the 20th Century
		The architecture and decorative arts of Charles Sumner Greene and Henry Mather Greene occupy a sacrosanct but veiled niche within the American Arts and Crafts movement of the early twentieth century.
		But no other architects have left us with a more glowing legacy of beauty, craft, livability, and spirit than Charles and Henry Greene.
		In the living room, a bank of windows rises nearly from floor to ceiling to bring in warm sunshine and light.
	members.tripod.com /alexkao_1 (188 words)

	Kinetic-Art.org
		The Art In Motion Biennale was punctually opened on June, 21st, 2003 by KAO President Ralf Gschwend.
		The camaraderie was great and new friendships were forged over too many glasses of wine until the wee morning hours....
		(From Left to Right) Charles Morgan, Ralf Gschwend, Wilfried Fauth, Martha Gschwend and Marcel Betriesy gathered on a sunny afternoon for the Second Annual KAO Spaghetti Feast in Geneva.
	www.kinetic-art.org /News/2003/NewletterAugust2003.htm (542 words)

	Lasers and Fiber Optics History Part 4 - Optical Fiber - Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century
		Fortunately for the future of fiber optics, a young Shanghai-born electrical engineer named Charles Kao was convinced that glass could do much better.
		Working at Standard Telecommunications Laboratories in England, Kao collected and analyzed samples from glassmakers and concluded that the energy loss was mainly due to impurities such as water and minerals, not the basic glass ingredient of silica itself.
		A paper he published with colleague George Hockham in 1966 predicted that optical fibers could be made pure enough to carry signals for miles.
	www.greatachievements.org /?id=3713 (572 words)

	Network cable, lesson 6: Fiber
		In the 1950's more research and development into the transmission of visible images through optical fibers led to some success in the medical world where it was being used in remote illumination and viewing instruments.
		In 1966 Charles Kao and George Hockham proposed the transmission of information over glass fiber and realized that to make it a practical proposition, much lower losses in the cables were essential.
		This was the driving force behind the developments to improve the optical losses in fiber manufacturing and today optical losses are significantly lower than the original target set by Charles Kao and George Hockham.
	whatis.techtarget.com /tip/0,289483,sid7_gci1002657,00.html (1158 words)

	Brief History of Fiber Optics
		It was 1966 that Charles Kao and Charles Hockham, working at a Laboratory in England, published a paper proposing that optical fiber might be a suitable transmission medium if its attenuation (amount of loss) could be kept under 20 decibels per kilometer (dB/km).
		Even after Kao and Hockham achieved their goal of losing only 20 dB/km, further improvements needed to be made for fiber optic technology to become a global success.
		The losses of 20 dB/km could be attributed not to any flaw in the design of a fiber optic cable, but rather impurities in the glass within the cable itself.
	www.amherst.edu /~jhfillman/history.html (572 words)

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