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	Charles Ruthenberg information - Search.com
		Charles Ruthenberg (July 14, 1884 – 1927) was one of the founders of the Communist Party in the USA.
		Ruthenberg was born in New York City, New York, the son of a Jewish immigrant from Russia who was a prosperous garment merchant.
		Ruthenberg, wife Evelyn and their son Eugene traveled to the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1924, where he worked in a tractor and agricultural equipment factory in Moscow and studied Russian at Moscow State University.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Charles_Ruthenberg (582 words)

	Encyclopedia of Cleveland History:RUTHENBERG, CHARLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		RUTHENBERG, CHARLES (9 July 1882-3 Mar. 1927), prominent in the Cleveland Socialist and, later, Communist parties, was born in Cleveland to August and Wilhelmenia (Lau) Ruthenberg.
		Ruthenberg first considered himself a Progressive, backing TOM L. †, however after reading Marx's Das Kapital, he became committed to the Socialists and by 1912 was a militant party member.
		Ruthenberg's last major political action in Cleveland was leading the May Day Parade of 1919 which resulted in a riot and his arrest on a charge of assault with intent to kill (see MAY DAY RIOTS).
	www.case.edu /ech-cgi/article.pl?id=RC4 (294 words)

	Whitney - Footnotes
		Ruthenberg, 229 Mich at 332-333, 336-337; 201 NW at 363-365.
		Ruthenberg, 229 Mich at 337-338; 201 NW at 365.
		Ruthenberg, 229 Mich at 326-331, 201 NW at 361-363.
	www.law.seattleu.edu /fachome/skover/articles/whitney/whitney-fn.html (4685 words)

	Charles Ruthenberg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles Ruthenberg (July 14, 1884 – 1927) was an American communist politician and activist, one of the founders of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA).
		Ruthenberg was born in New York City, New York, the son of a Jewish immigrant from Russia who was a prosperous garment merchant.
		Ruthenberg, wife Evelyn and their son Eugene traveled to the Soviet Union from 1921 to 1924, where he worked in a tractor and agricultural equipment factory in Moscow and studied Russian at Moscow State University.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Ruthenberg (584 words)

	The Academy Shop at the Honolulu Academy of Arts
		Includes color photographs and descriptions of the 350 artifacts from the Cook Forster Collection of the Georg August University of Gottingen, Germany.
		Three-volume slip-case exhibition catalogue edited by Stephen Little and Peter Ruthenberg, 2006.
		Documents the career of painter and printmaker Charles W. Bartlett, including a catalogue raisonné of known woodblock and intaglio prints.
	data.honoluluacademy.org /search.php?cat=Publications (1955 words)

	Communist Party USA - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		However, the language federations, eventually joined by Charles Ruthenberg and Louis Fraina, turned away from that effort and formed their own party, the Communist Party of America, at a separate convention in Chicago on September 2, 1919.
		Part of the Communist Party of America under the leadership of Charles Ruthenberg and Jay Lovestone did this but a faction under the leadership of Nicholas I. Hourwich and Alexander Bittelman continued to operate independently as the Communist Party of America.
		Ruthenberg died in 1927 and his ally, Jay Lovestone, succeeded him as party secretary.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/CPUSA (5402 words)

	Socialist Organizer: The Labor Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The WP, Ruthenberg concludes, must ally itself politically with the farmers' and workers' movement because: "… it is in these struggles that the workers learn the character of the capitalist system and there is developed the will to power of the workers, the determination to triumph over the enemy who exploits and oppresses them" (8).
		In Ruthenberg's words, "under no circumstances can our party support candidates of the old party tickets." To do so "would be leading the workers back into the parties of their enemies." In the long run, such a coalition would simply "maintain the illusions we are endeavoring to destroy" (12).
		Ruthenberg rather foolishly concluded that the prominence of communists in the new party was a strength.
	www.theorganizer.org /LP/USHistory/Ch7.html (16937 words)

	TIME.com: Ruthenberg Convicted -- May 12, 1923 -- Page 1
		Charles E. Ruthenberg, second defendant to be tried under the Michigan State Criminal Syndicalism law, was found guilty.
		Ruthenberg faces a prison sentence of ten years or a fine of $5,000, or both.
		Ruthenberg's conviction in the Michigan trial was based upon his advocacy of force in realizing the Communist revolution.
	www.time.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,845973,00.html (509 words)

	OHS - Audiovisual - Charles E. Ruthenberg Photograph Collection (P2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The collection is arranged by subject and includes photographs of Ruthenberg, his family and friends on outings, socialist groups and meetings, Ruthenberg's funeral, and miscellaneous people and buildings.
		There is a picture of Ruthenberg's open casket, propped up, surrounded by saluting children and a photograph of Ruthenberg's ashes being carried to Bremer train station, Germany, on their way to Moscow for burial in the Kremlin.
		Photographic postcards of Eugene V. Debs, 1897; "Class War Prisoners in N.Y. State," one of whom was Ruthenberg; and the Stark County Workhouse in Canton, Ohio, where Ruthenberg was imprisoned in 1918, are among the miscellaneous photographs in folder five.
	www.ohiohistory.org /ohswww/resource/audiovis/findaid/p002sc.html (386 words)

	COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (1919-1946) organizational history
		The Convention was chaired by Louis Schapiro ["Lawrence Bain"], who was elected to the Central Executive Committee of the party by the convention and subsequently selected as Executive Secretary of the organization at a meeting of the CEC held July 20, 1920.
		On April 18, 1920, C.E. Ruthenberg resigned as National Executive Secretary of the (old) Communist Party of America and, together with Jay Lovestone, I.E. Ferguson, and a circle of largely anglophonic supporters, departed to constitute themselves as an independent group in preparation for unity with the Communist Labor Party.
		Charles Krumbein of New York, as Secretary of this committee, presented a preliminary report that credentials had been received for 220 regular and 173 alternate delegates, representing 44 states.
	marxisthistory.org /subject/usa/eam/communistparty.html (7000 words)

	Story Page
		In this 1924 letter Charles Ruthenberg, executive secretary of the Workers Party of America, informs Israel Amter, the party's representative to the Comintern, that the party will be sending a delegation to Moscow to ask the Comintern to decide "our Labor Party policy."
		Ruthenberg also refers to divisions within the American Communist movement concerning the 1924 third-party presidential candidacy of U.S. Senator Robert La Follette (Republican, Wisconsin).
		Ruthenberg and John Pepper led one of the major factions.
	www.johnearlhaynes.org /page32.html (460 words)

	OhioPix: Charles Emil Ruthenberg Funeral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Communist Party leader Charles Emil Ruthenberg in casket surrounded by saluting children, 1927.
		When the United States entered World War I in 1917 Ruthenberg's political activities became increasingly radical.
		He was arrested for speaking out against the war and began to identify with Russian communists.
	www.ohiohistory.org /ohswww/etcetera/exhibits/ohiopix/image.cfm?ID=5556 (96 words)

	Communist Party USA
		Part of the Communist Party of America under the leadership of Charles Ruthenburg and Jay Lovestone did this but a faction under the leadership of Nicholas I. Hourwich and Alexander Bittelman continued to operate independently as the Communist Party of America.
		In 1925 Charles Ruthenberg and William Z. Foster led mutually hostile factions within the party.
		Cannon was later to describe himself in retrospect as a "well trained factional hooligan" and was not committed in any way to Trotskyism and had in his documents included statements derogatory to Trotsky.
	www.askfactmaster.com /CPUSA (6309 words)

	COMMUNIST PARTY OF AMERICA (1919-1946) officials
		C.E. Ruthenberg, I.E. Ferguson, and Jay Lovestone left the organization with a group of their supporters (and no small amount of the party treasury!) to pursue unity with the CLP.
		Charles Dirba (now using the pseudonym "C. Dobin") was to serve as the new Executive Secretary's Assistant for at least one month to ease the transition.
		Ruthenberg died of a ruptured appendix on March 2, 1927.
	marxisthistory.org /subject/usa/eam/cpaofficials.html (2325 words)

	Chapter Forty-Seven, COMMUNISM IN THE UNITED STATES
		The Foster group's withdrawal from the Labor Party fight was part of its general tendency to shrink from the struggle, and of its belief that American capitalism was so strong as temporarily to prevent the workers from reaching even the Labor Party level.
		On the Ruthenberg side, already there were appearing tendencies yearning to substitute a Labor Party for a revolutionary communist organization.
		Ruthenberg died in 1927 and Jay Lovestone then became the leader of the party.
	www.weisbord.org /conquest47.htm (9066 words)

	The Roaring 20s and the Roots of American Fascism
		In June 1918, Eugene Debs delivered a scathing speech denouncing the arrests of such prominent Socialists as Charles Ruthenberg, Alfred Wagenknecht, Kate Richards O'Hare and Rose Pastor Stokes.
		On February 3, the Seattle Central Labor Council announced that a general strike in support of the shipyard workers was to begin on February 6.
		At the same time New York State Attorney General Charles Newton claimed the Soviet Bureau was the clearing house for all radical activity in the United States.
	www.spiritone.com /~gdy52150/1920sp4.html (5311 words)

	Story Page
		"Moore" is John A. Ballam, "Henry" is George Ashkenudzi, and "Dow" is Charles Dirba, all leaders of the United Toilers faction.
		Charles Ruthenberg was the head of the latter faction but at this time was serving a prison sentence for criminal anarchy in New York.
		Weinstone served as the party's executive secretary during Ruthenberg's absence.
	www.johnearlhaynes.org /page31.html (209 words)

	firstamendmentcenter.org: commentary
		“The free-speech story of Charles Ruthenberg and Anita Whitney is a study in contrasts, and an ironic tale of how a notorious dissident was lost to legal history whereas a minor figure was catapulted into it,” Collins and Skover write.
		Brandeis’ dissent in Ruthenberg would have become a leading light of First Amendment law instead of his Whitney concurrence were it not for Ruthenberg’s untimely death from acute peritonitis in March 1927 before the release of the Court’s opinion.
		Hence, Brandeis' dissent in Ruthenberg was withdrawn and lost to history until the Collins and Skover article, which includes the opinion in an appendix.
	www.firstamendmentcenter.org /commentary.aspx?id=17149 (883 words)

	May Day Riots of 1919 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The riots began when Socialist leader, Charles Ruthenberg organized a May Day parade of local unionists, socialists, communists, and anarchists to protest the jailing of Eugene V. Debs.
		The 32 groups were divided into four units, each holding a Socialist flag and an American flag at its head.
		Ruthenberg's party headquarters on Prospect Avenue were ransacked by a mob.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/May_Day_Riots_of_1919 (342 words)

	TIME.com: Ruthenberg -- Mar. 14, 1927 -- Page 1
		Born of a Cleveland longshoreman, Comrade Ruthenberg found in elementary school and business college education enough to climb in rapid strides from factory worker and clerk to newspaper correspondent and editor.
		Bitter, humorless, antagonizing more than he converted, Charles Ruthenberg split the Socialist party in 1919, became leader of the small Communist wing, while the late Eugene Victor Debs remained leader of the Socialists.
		Comrade Ruthenberg's ultimate purpose was "revolution without violence"; he advocated strikes "because they are a dress rehearsal for the revolution" which he hoped would free the workers from capitalism.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,846069,00.html (695 words)

	Find in a Library: The day is coming; life and work of Charles E. Ruthenberg, 1882-1927. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Find in a Library: The day is coming; life and work of Charles E. Ruthenberg, 1882-1927.
		The day is coming; life and work of Charles E. Ruthenberg, 1882-1927.
		To find this item in a library, enter a postal code, state, province, or country in the field above.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/oclc/3733872 (75 words)

	TIME.com: The Ruthenberg Trial -- Apr. 28, 1923 -- Page 1
		The second of the Michigan criminal syndicalism trials opened with the selection of a jury to try Charles F. Ruthenberg, former Secretary of the recently dissolved Communist Party.
		The defense attorneys, led by Frank P. Walsh, former joint chairman (with ex-President Taft) of the War Labor Board, and defender of William Z. Foster, devoted most of their attention to questioning prospective jurymen in regard to their prejudices against Karl Marx, internationalism, the Soviet Government of Russia, organized labor, strikes and kindred topics.
		Lobel was one of the Government spies who watched the secret convention of the Communists before it was raided by direction of Francis Morrow ("K-97"), star witness for the prosecution against Foster.
	www.time.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,880545,00.html (449 words)

	Columbia Law School (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Charles Evans Hughes 1884, New York governor (1907), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court (1910-1916), Republican nominee for President of the United States (1916), Secretary of State under Presidents Warren Harding (1921-23) and Calvin Coolidge (1923-29), and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1930-41)
		Charles Ruthenberg 1909, founder of the Communist Party of America (1919)
		Charles Fried 1960, professor at Harvard Law School (1961-87, 1989-95, 1999-present), US Soliciter General (1985-89), and Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (1995-99)
	columbia-law-school.iqnaut.net (1784 words)

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