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| | The Trial and Execution of Admiral the Honourable John Byng, Part II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11) |
 | | Political theater was nothing new in the 18th century, and The Sham Fight: Or Political Humbug heaped criticism upon Byng, and by extension, the ministry, for corruption, patronage, family influence, and aristocratic degeneracy. |
 | | Byng’s own flag captain, Captain Gardiner, testified that he advised the admiral to bear upon the enemy, but Byng had objected because of what had happened to Admiral Matthews in a similar in situation in the Mediterranean during the last war ("Trial" 18). |
 | | The king refused to exercise his prerogative of pardon, and Admiral the Honorable John Byng died by firing squad at noon on the quarterdeck of Monarch on 14 March 1757, a victim both of political animosity and his own errors of cautious judgment. |
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