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	Charles X of Sweden - LoveToKnow 1911
		CHARLES X. [CHARLES GUSTAVUS] (1622-1660), king of Sweden, son of John Casimir, count palatine of Zweibriicken, and Catherine, sister of Gustavus Adolphus, was born at Nykoping Castle on the 8th of November 1622.
		The tactlessness of Charles, the rapacity of his generals, the barbarity of his mercenaries, his refusal to legalize his position by summoning the Polish diet, his negotiations for the partition of the very state he affected to befriend, awoke the long slumbering public spirit of the country.
		Charles forced the elector, indeed, at the point of the sword to become his ally and vassal (treaty of Konigsberg, Jan. 17, 1656); but the Polish national rising now imperatively demanded his presence in the south.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Charles_X_of_Sweden (1792 words)

	Charles IX of Sweden - LoveToKnow 1911
		(1550-1611), king of Sweden, was the youngest son of Gustavus Vasa and Margareto Lejonhufrud.
		Technically Charles was, without doubt, guilty of high treason, and the considerable minority of all classes which adhered to Sigismund on his landing in Sweden in 1598 indisputably behaved like loyal subjects.
		Indisputably Charles was cruel, ungenerous and vindictive; yet he seems, at all hazards, strenuously to have endeavoured to do his duty during a period of political and religious transition, and, despite his violence and brutality, possessed many of the qualities of a wise and courageous statesman.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Charles_IX_of_Sweden (791 words)

	Charles XI King of Sweden: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		Sweden was involved in the third of the Dutch Wars as an ally of Louis XIV.
		Charles X Gustav, Charles XI, Charles XII, and Gustav...
		CHARLES XI, king of Sweden 1655 97, king of Sweden (1660 97), son and successor of Charles X. Charles ascended the throne...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/charles_xi_king_of_sweden.jsp (1395 words)

	Charles X
		Charles X was king of Sweden from 1654 to 1660.
		Charles X was the man appointed by Christina to succeed her despite the objections of the nobles lead by Oxenstierna.
		Charles was the oldest son of the count Palatine of Zweibruken and Catherine, sister of Gustavus Adolphus.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /charles_x.htm (908 words)

	Charles X of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Charles X or ''Karl X Gustav'' (1622 – 1660), king of Sweden, son of John Casimir, Margrave of PfalzPfalz-Zweibrücken, and Catherine, sister of Gustavus Adolphus, was born at the Castle of Nyköping on November 8, 1622.
		Charles X of Sweden Heir to the throne
		The beginning of Charles X's reign concentrated on the healing of domestic discords and on the rallying of all the forces of the nation round his standard for a new policy of conquest.
	www.infothis.com /find/Charles_X_of_Sweden (2032 words)

	Charles XII of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles XII, Karl XII or Carolus Rex, (June 17, 1682 – November 30, 1718), the Alexander of the North, nicknamed in Turkish as Demirbaş Şarl (Charles the Habitue), was a King of Sweden from 1697 until his death.
		Denmark's defeat, however, and Sweden's ensuing rise to prominence in the Baltic region was viewed suspiciously by two powerful neighbors, King August II of Poland (cousin to both Charles XII and Frederick IV of Denmark) and Peter the Great of Russia.
		Charles defeated Polish king Augustus II and his Saxon allies at the Battle of Kliszow in 1702 and captured many important cities of the Commonwealth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_XII_of_Sweden (1083 words)

	Charles XI of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Charles XI, or Karl XI, (November 24, 1655 – April 5, 1697) was a King of Sweden (1660 – 1697).
		Charles was born in the palace at Stockholm.
		Charles devoted the rest of his life to the gigantic task of rehabilitating Sweden by means of a reduction, or recovery of alienated crown lands, a process which involved the examination of every title deed in the kingdom, and resulted in the complete readjustment of the finances.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Charles_XI_of_Sweden (1000 words)

	Encyclopedia: Charles X of Sweden
		Charles X or Karl X Gustav (1622 –; 1660), king of Sweden, son of John Casimir, Margrave of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, and Catherine, sister of Gustavus Adolphus, was born at the Castle of Nyköping on November 8, 1622.
		Charles X Gustav of Sweden, portrait by Sébastien Bourdon 1653 The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years.
		Charles forced the elector, albeit at the point of the sword, to become his ally and vassal (Treaty of Königsberg, 17 January 1656); but the Polish national rising now imperatively demanded his presence in the south.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Charles-X-of-Sweden (4881 words)

	Encyclopedia: Charles XI of Sweden
		Charles XI of Sweden The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years.
		Charles X or Karl X Gustav (1622-Sweden, son of John Casimir, Margrave of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, and Catherine, sister of Gustavus Adolphus, was born at the Castle of Nyköping on November 8, 1622.
		Hedvig Sofia of Sweden (1681-1708), Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp, was the eldest child of King Charles XI of Sweden.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Charles-XI-of-Sweden (2360 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles X, king of Sweden (Scandinavian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Charles X 1622–60, king of Sweden (1654–60), nephew of Gustavus II.
		By the Treaty of Roskilde (1658) Sweden's southern boundary was extended to the sea; Denmark ceded to Sweden the provinces of Skane, Halland, Blekinge, and Bohuslan and also Bornholm and part of Norway.
		By the Treaty of Copenhagen (1660) Sweden regained its four southern provinces from Denmark, and by the Treaty of Kardis (1661) with Russia the two countries returned to the prewar status quo.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Charles10Swe.html (439 words)

	Charles X King of Sweden: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		All Charless Counsellors...Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Courland...the Queen of Sweden, and the envoy...successive assurances of goodwill.
		...in medieval Sweden) in the Tiundaland district of Uppland.
		Charles I had a `Sleeping chayre covered...sleeping chairs belonged to Charles X of Sweden, who died in 1660 The wings of wing-back...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101236776 (1820 words)

	Christina of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Christina (1626 – 1689) or Kristina, later known as Maria Christina Alexandra and sometime Count Dohna, was Queen of Sweden from 1632 to 1654, was the daughter of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.
		As the heiress presumptive she succeeded her father to the throne of Sweden upon his death at the Battle of Lützen (November 6, 1632) during Sweden's intervention in Germany in the Thirty Years' War.
		Christina came under the influence of Catholics and then abdicated her throne on June 5, 1654 in favour of her cousin Charles Gustavus in order to either practice openly her previously secret Catholicism, or to accept the same publicly so as to be at the center of a scientific and artistic renaissance.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Christina_of_Sweden (1253 words)

	Charles X of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It was that he would marry the queen regnant Christina of Sweden but her insurmountable objection to wedlock an end to these anticipations and to her cousin for a broken half-promise she him her successor in 1649 despite the opposition of the Privy Council headed by the venerable Axel Oxenstierna.
		The negotiations foundered however upon the of Sweden to refer the points in to a general peace-congress and Charles was further encouraged by the capture of Fredriksodde 23-24 whereupon he began to make preparations conveying his troops over to Funen in transport vessels.
		On January 28 1658 Charles X arrived Haderslev in South Jutland when it was that in a couple of days the of the Little Belt would be firm to bear even the passage of a host.
	www.freeglossary.com /Charles_X_Gustav_of_Sweden (1669 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Charles XI, or Karl XI, (1655 - 1697), King of Sweden, the only son of Charles X of Sweden, and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, was born in the palace at Stockholm on November 24, 1655.
		The victory of Fyllebro (August 17, 1676), when Charles and his commander-in-chief S. Helmfeld routed a Danish division, was the first gleam of good luck, and on December 4, on the tableland of Helgonabäck, near Lund, the young Swedish monarch defeated Christian V of Denmark, who also commanded his army in person.
		His modest, homespun figure has indeed been unduly eclipsed by the brilliant and colossal shapes of his heroic father and his meteoric son; yet in reality Charles XI is far worthier of admiration than either Charles X of Sweden or Charles XII of Sweden.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/charles_xi_of_sweden.html (740 words)

	sweden map and map of sweden information page
		Sweden's Viking Age began in the late 800's AD, and unlike the Danish and Norwegian Vikings, the Swedes traveled south and east.
		Beginning in the mid-1700's, Sweden was an influencial power in Europe, and the country reached out to establish colonies in Africa and the Americas.
		Out of necessity, or motivated by the desire to improve the lifestyle of all of its citizens, Sweden, like other Scandinavian countries developed a strong consumer society and welfare state, and it remained an unwavering force until economic factors in Sweden were severely weakened in the 1970's.
	worldatlas.com /webimage/countrys/europe/se.htm (954 words)

	OSCAR II OF SWEDEN FACTS AND INFORMATION
		He succeeded his brother Charles XV, on September_18, 1872, and was crowned as king of Norway in the Nidaros_Cathedral in Trondhjem on July_18, 1873.
		While the King and the Royal Court resided mostly in Sweden, Oscar made the effort of learning to be fluent in Norwegian and from the very beginning he realized the essential difficulties in the maintenance of the union between the two countries.
		The king's other sons were Charles, duke of VÃ¤stergÃ¶tland, who married Princess Ingeborg of Denmark; and EugÃ©n, duke of NÃ¤rke well known as an artist.
	www.beatlesfacts.com /Oscar_II_of_Sweden (781 words)

	Sweden
		Sweden emerged from the Napoleonic Wars with the acquisition of Norway from Denmark and with a new royal dynasty stemming from Marshal Jean Bernadotte of France, who became King Charles XIV (1818–1844).
		Charles X, king of Sweden - Charles X, 1622–60, king of Sweden (1654–60), nephew of Gustavus II.
		Charles IX, king of Sweden - Charles IX, 1550–1611, king of Sweden (1604–11), youngest son of Gustavus I. He was...
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0108008.html (878 words)

	Frederick III of Denmark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		He rightly regarded the accession of Charles X of Sweden, on June 6, 1654 as a source of danger to Denmark.
		Frederick III at once sued for peace; and, yielding to the persuasions of the English and French ministers, Charles finally agreed to be content with mutilating instead of annihilating the Danish monarchy; the Treaty of Taastrup, on February 18 and the Treaty of Roskilde, on February 26, 1658).
		Frederick expressed the desire to make the personal acquaintance of his conqueror; and Charles X consented to be his guest for three days, March 3 to March 5, at the castle of Fredriksborg.
	usapedia.com /f/frederick-iii-of-denmark.html (945 words)

	Charles XII of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Charles XII was king of Sweden from 1697 to 1718.
		Charles successfully continued his father's policy of absolutism and the people of Sweden took to him making a popular rebellion all but impossible.
		By 1700, Sweden was in decline when compared to her days under Gustavus Adolphus.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /charles_xii_of_sweden.htm (371 words)

	Charles XI of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Charles XI (November 24, 1655 - April 5, 1697), king of Sweden, the only son of Charles X of Sweden, and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp[?], was born in the palace at Stockholm on November 24, 1655.
		In 1679 XIV of France">Louis XIV of France dictated the terms of a general pacification, and Charles XI, who bitterly resented "the insufferable tutelage" of the French king, was forced at last to acquiesce in a peace which at least left his empire practically intact.
		His modest, homespun figure has indeed been unduly eclipsed by the brilliant and colossal shapes of his heroic father and his meteoric son; yet in reality Charles XI is far worthier of admiration than either Charles X of Sweden or XII of Sweden">Charles XII of Sweden.
	www.city-search.org /ch/charles-xi-of-sweden.html (957 words)

	The First Northern War, 1655-1660
		In 1655 Charles X. Gustavus, at the head of a Swedish Army, invaded Poland in what Polish sources refer to as "The Deluge".
		The war was ended with the TREATY OF OLIVA 1660, which did not result in any gain for Sweden, but in the recognition of the independence of the Duchy in Prussia by Poland.
		The Treaty of Copenhagen 1660 (with Denmark) left Sweden in the possession of Scania and Blekinge; the Stift Drontheim and Bornholm, as well as the share in the Sound Levy claimed by Sweden, were returned to Denmark.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/17cen/firstnorthern.html (956 words)

	Swedish History - Charles X Gustavus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		harles X Gustavus, born 1622, was one of Sweden's greatest war kings.
		Charles X Gustavus was as a child very sensitive, often anxious and bound to his mother.
		Charles X Gustavus became king when he was 31 years old.
	www.utb.boras.se /uk/se/projekt/history/articles/greatpow/greatp12.htm (149 words)

	ZweibruckenHistory
		Elector Charles Albert of Bavaria was chosen (1742) Holy Roman emperor as Charles VII; with the death (1777) of his son, Maximilian III, the Bavarian branch of the Wittelsbachs died out, and the Palatinate-Sulzbach line acceded in Bavaria in the person of Elector Charles Theodore, who died in 1799 without issue.
		Empress Elizabeth of Austria, wife of Francis Joseph, and Queen Elizabeth of the Belgians, consort of Albert I, issued from a collateral line of the dynasty, and the Wittelsbachs have intermarried for centuries with all the royal families of Europe.
		Charles X of Sweden was the nephew of John II, duke palatine of ZweibrUcken; his son, Charles XI of Sweden, inherited ZweibrUcken in the late 17th cent., and the duchy remained in personal union with Sweden from 1697 until the death (1718) of Charles XII.
	www.visiteuropeonline.com /zweibrucken/zweibruckenhistory.htm (1271 words)

	Charles X, king of Sweden — Infoplease.com
		Charles X, 1622–60, king of Sweden (1654–60), nephew of Gustavus II.
		Sweden, the first modern state: Tilly's assertion, "war makes states, and vice versa".(Book Review)
		Bad rap for Malcolm X. (books about the late civil rights leader Malcolm X that overlook his contributions; edited collection 'Malcolm......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0811456.html (413 words)

	Poland Deluged
		In 1600, Charles retaliated by invading the Polish province of Livonia.
		In 1655, the armies of Charles X of Sweden invaded Poland.
		Denmark attacked Sweden, and Charles X had to withdraw most of his troops to deal with the threat.
	history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-104.htm (1870 words)

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