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	Charles XI of Sweden
		Charles XI (November 24, 1655 - April 5, 1697), king of Sweden, the only son of Charles X of Sweden, and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp[?], was born in the palace at Stockholm on November 24, 1655.
		In 1679 Louis XIV of France dictated the terms of a general pacification, and Charles XI, who bitterly resented "the insufferable tutelage" of the French king, was forced at last to acquiesce in a peace which at least left his empire practically intact.
		Charles devoted the rest of his life to the gigantic task of rehabilitating Sweden by means of a reduction, or recovery of alienated crown lands, a process which involved the examination of every title deed in the kingdom, and resulted in the complete readjustment of the finances.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ch/Charles_XI_of_Sweden.html (759 words)

	SWEDEN - LoveToKnow Article on SWEDEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sweden itself may be considered in four main physical divisionsthe mountains and highland district, covering all Norrland and the western part of Svealand; the lowlands of central Sweden; the so-called Smland highlands, in the south and southeast; and the plains of Skne, occupying the extreme southward projection of the peninsula.
		PeopleThe population of Sweden in 1900 was 5,136,441.
		In Sweden, however, both the Vestgotar and the Upland Sviar were discontented, the former on account of the breaking of the kings promise to Olaf of Norway and the latter on account of the introduction of the new religion, and their passions were further inflamed by the lawman Anund of Skara.
	25.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SW/SWEDEN.htm (21978 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Charles XI of Sweden
		Charles XI, or Karl XI, (November 24, 1655 – April 5, 1697) was a King of Sweden (1660 – 1697).
		Charles was born in the palace at Stockholm.
		Charles XI was, however, very harsh to the local population of occupied Scania, which had recently been part of Denmark.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden (951 words)

	Charles XI of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles XI (Karl XI) (November 24, 1655 – April 5, 1697) was King of Sweden from 1660 until his death.
		The victory of Halmstad (August 17, 1676), when Charles and his commander-in-chief Simon Grundel-Helmfelt defeated a Danish division, was the first gleam of good luck, and on December 4, on the tableland of Helgonabäck, near Lund, the young Swedish monarch defeated Christian V of Denmark, who also commanded his army in person.
		Sweden's weak economy didn't favour wars, even if Sweden was very successful in conflicts, conscriptions were hated by the peasants and especially mercenaries costed the government very much money.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_XI_of_Sweden (867 words)

	Charles XI of Sweden
		Charles XI was king of Sweden from 1660 to 1697.
		Charles was the only son of Charles X and was born in November 1655.
		Charles took on the nobles by allying himself to the lesser classes - the lower nobility, the clergy, the burghers and the peasants.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /charles_xi_of_sweden.htm (1296 words)

	Wikinfo \| Swedish Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		On Charles X's accession in 1655, Sweden's neighbours, though suspicious and uneasy, were at least not adversaries, and might have been converted into allies of the new great power who, if she had mulcted them of territory, had, anyhow, compensated them for the loss with the by no means contemptible doisceur of religious liberty.
		A defensive alliance with Sohieski August 4, 1677 was rendered inoperative by the annihilation of Sweden's sea-power; the Battle of Öland, June 17, 1676; Battle of Fehmarn, June 1677 and the difficulties of the Polish king.
		Charles XI re-established on a; broader basis the reorganization of the "indelningsverk" introduced by Charles IX- a system of military tenure whereby the national forces were bound to the soil.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Swedish_Empire (3101 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Ulrica Eleanor of Denmark Oldenburg
		The alliance of the two nations in opposition to Dutch commercial influence in the Baltic was sealed by Charles XI's marriage to Ulrika Eleonora (1680), sister of King Christian V of Denmark.
		Ulrica married Charles XI of Sweden von Simmern, son of Charles X Gustavus von Simmern and Hedwig Eleonora von Holstein-Gottorp, on 16 May 1680.
		(Charles XI of Sweden von Simmern was born on 4 Dec 1655 in Stockholm, Sweden and died in 1697.)
	nygaard.howards.net /files/2729.htm (119 words)

	#42
		The palace at present inhabited by the kings of Sweden was not at that time finished; and Charles XI., in whose reign it had been commenced, usually resided in an oldfashioned edifice, built something in the shape of a horseshoe, and situated at the point of Ritterholm, commanding a view of Lake Mader.
		The fantastic torches were extinguished of themselves, and those of Charles and his suite cast their dim, flickering light upon the oldfashioned tapestry with which the chamber was usually hung, and which was now slightly moved by the wind.
		During some minutes longer a strange sort of melody was heard, a harmony compared by one of the eyewitnesses of this unparalleled scene to the murmur of the breeze agitating the foliage, and by another to the sound emitted by the breaking of a harpstring.
	socrates.paunix.org /42.html (1807 words)

	Gunno Dahlstierna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Returning to Sweden he executed commissions of land-surveying directed by King Charles XI, and in 1699 he became head of the whole department.
		His death, which took place in Pomerania on his forty-eighth birthday, 7th of September 1709, is said to have been hastened by the disastrous news of the battle of Poltava.
		The King is Charles XII and Master Peter is the tsar of Russia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gunno_Dahlstierna (449 words)

	Charles XI, king of Sweden. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Sweden was involved in the third of the Dutch Wars as an ally of Louis XIV.
		Charles was defeated (1675) at Fehrbellin by Frederick William of Brandenburg, who overran Swedish Pomerania, known also as Hither Pomerania.
		The Peace of Lund (1679) with Denmark drew the Scandinavian nations closer together, and in 1680, Charles married Princess Ulrika of Denmark.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ch/Charles11Swe.html (231 words)

	Swedish History - Charles XI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Charles XI was king and he issued the military-tenure system, unique for Sweden, a new naval base was built in the city of Karlskrona, the iron industry flourished and a great fire destroyed the royal castle in Stockholm.
		But Charles XI saw that this organisation was implanted and organised so well that it survived until 1901 and was then replaced by a compulsory military service, of the same kind as we have today.
		The remains of late king Charles XI, which were lying in state in the palace, were removed to "Brahe hus", his widow went to the house of Bengt Oxenstierne and Charles XII went by horse to Karlskrona.
	www.utb.boras.se /uk/se/projekt/history/articles/decline/decline1.htm (1001 words)

	Charles X of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Charles X or Karl X Gustav (1622 – 1660), king of Sweden, son of John Casimir, Margrave of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, and Catherine, half-sister of Gustavus Adolphus, was born at the Castle of Nyköping on November 8, 1622.
		Charles forced the elector, albeit at the point of the sword, to become his ally and vassal (Treaty of Königsberg, 17 January 1656); but the Polish national rising now imperatively demanded his presence in the south.
		Sweden lost much with the abrupt cessation of such an inexhaustible fount of enterprise and energy; indications suggest that, in his latter years, Charles had begun to feel the need and value of repose.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Charles-X-of-Sweden.htm (2044 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles X, king of Sweden (Scandinavian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Czar Alexis of Russia invaded Livonia, Frederick III of Denmark declared war (1657) on Sweden, and Frederick William of Brandenburg deserted his alliance with Sweden.
		By the Treaty of Roskilde (1658) Sweden's southern boundary was extended to the sea; Denmark ceded to Sweden the provinces of Skane, Halland, Blekinge, and Bohuslan and also Bornholm and part of Norway.
		By the Treaty of Copenhagen (1660) Sweden regained its four southern provinces from Denmark, and by the Treaty of Kardis (1661) with Russia the two countries returned to the prewar status quo.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Charles10Swe.html (439 words)

	Sweden : In Depth : Famous People \| Frommers.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Charles XII (1682-1718) -- The oldest son of Charles XI of Sweden and Ulrika Eleanora of Denmark, this king is one of the most famous ever to emerge from Sweden.
		Born in a palace in Stockholm on December 8, 1626, she was the daughter of King Gustavus II Adolphus and Maria Eleanora of Brandenburg.
		Sweden, lacking a base in the New World and eager to undermine Britain (one of its most powerful maritime rivals), was the first country to sign a trade agreement with the fledgling United States.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/sweden/0243020305.html (3005 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Charles XI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Charles XI (1655-97), king of Sweden (1660-97), the son of Charles X Gustav, born in Stockholm.
		When Charles XI came to the throne in 1660, Sweden’s treasury was nearly exhausted.
		Charles VIII (of France): successor to Louis XI
	encarta.msn.com /Charles_XI.html (148 words)

	List of Swedish monarchs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		1130 - 1156 : Sverker I of Sweden (Sverker den äldre) - The House of Sverker
		1160 - 1167 : Charles VII of Sweden (Karl Sverkersson) - The House of Sverker
		1448 - 1457 : Charles VIII of Sweden
	www.freeglossary.com /Sweden/Kings (939 words)

	Biography of Johann Patkul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He entered the Swedish army at an early age and was already a captain when, in 1689, at the head of a deputation of Livonian gentry, he went to Stockholm to protest against the rigour with which the land-recovery project of Charles XI of Sweden was being carried out in his native province.
		His eloquence favourably impressed Charles XI, but his representations were disregarded, and the offensive language with which, in another petition addressed to the king three years later, he renewed his complaints, involved him in a government prosecution.
		After the Peace of Altranstädt September 24, 1707 he was delivered up to Charles, and at Kazimierz in Poland October, 1707 was broken alive on the wheel, Charles rejecting an appeal for mercy from his sister, the princess Ulrica, on the ground that Patkul, as a traitor, could not be pardoned for example’s sake.
	biography-2.qardinalinfo.com /p/Patkul_Johann.html (560 words)

	Great Northern War
		By the time Charles XII began his campaigns of the Great Northern War the military power in the Commonwealth was undermined by internal conflict and was unable to defend itself against an aggressive attack by Charles.
		Charles Goodwinson, personal assistant to Johann Reinhold, Count of Patkul, wrote this document in 1717 to give the account of Lord Patkul’s life as a diplomat in the Baltic.
		Frost also provides a unique view of Sweden’s drive for territorial hegemony in the Baltic; he maintains that it was the attraction of military careers that helped relieve an impoverished economy and stimulate military expansion.
	depts.washington.edu /baltic/papers/greatnorthernwar.htm (2588 words)

	Charles
		Charles became very popular in the royal families of France and Germany after the reign of Charlemagne (Charles the Great).
		King of Spain (Charles I of Spain), Archduke of Austria (Charles I of Austria).
		Archduke Charles III of Austria and Charles III of Hungary.
	www.geocities.com /edgarbook/names/c/charles.html (443 words)

	Charles XI and Swedish Absolutism, 1660—1697 - Cambridge University Press
		The reading public outside Sweden knows little of that country’s history, beyond the dramatic and short-lived era in the seventeenth century when Sweden under Gustavus Adolphus became a major European power by her intervention in the Thirty Years War.
		In the last decades of the seventeenth century another Swedish king, Charles XI, launched a less dramatic but remarkable bid to stabilize and secure Sweden’s position as a major power in northern Europe and as master of the Baltic Sea.
		This project, which is almost unknown to students of history outside Sweden, involved a comprehensive overhaul of the government and institutions of the kingdom, on the basis of establishing Sweden as a model of absolute monarchy.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/print.asp?isbn=0521573904&print=y (245 words)

	Learn more about 1690s in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		King Charles II of Spain (1665 - 1700).
		King Charles XI of Sweden (1660 - 1697).
		King Charles XII of Sweden (1697 - 1718).
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /1/16/1690s.html (212 words)

	wiki/Queen of Sweden Definition / wiki/Queen of Sweden Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Briefly 1568 : Karin Månsdotter (wife of Eric XIVErik XIV of Sweden (December 13, 1533–February 26, 1577) was the son of Gustav I of Sweden and Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg.
		Daughter of Charles Louis of Baden and Amalia of Hesse-Darmstadt, she was the younger sister of Princess Louise of Baden.
		1818-1844 : Désirée Clary (wife of Charles XIVKing Charles XIV of Sweden, Charles III of Norway, or domestically Carl XIV Johan and Carl III Johan respectively, Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (January 26, 1763 - March 8, 1844) was born at Pau, France, the son of Henri Bernadotte (1711-1780), procurator at Pau, and Jeanne St. Jean (1725-1809).
	www.elresearch.com /wiki/Queen_of_Sweden (2650 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Charles IX (of Sweden)
		Charles IX (of Sweden) (1550-1611), king of Sweden (1604-1611), the youngest son of King Gustav I Vasa, born in Stockholm.
		Charles IX (of France) (1550-1574), king of France (1560-1574), born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye.
		Charles IX (of France): pictures related to Charles IX
	encarta.msn.com /Charles_IX_(of_Sweden).html (161 words)

	Charles XI of Sweden Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		*Charles Emmanual (Carlo Emanuele) 1770-1880, father of Charles** Albert of SavoyCarlo Alberto
		**Charles III, Prince of MonacoCharles III of Monaco
		Saint Charles* Borromeo, saint and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, archbishop of Milano
	www.echostatic.com /index.php?title=Charles_XI_of_Sweden (194 words)

	Hedwig Sophia of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Hedvig Sofia of Sweden (1681 - 1708) Duchess of Holstein-Gottorp was the eldest child of King Charles XI of Sweden.
		She is perhaps most well-known for the correspondence between her and her brother King Charles XII who lived most of his life war-campaigns abroad.
		When he died in 1718 and left no male heirs to throne the late Hedwig Sophia's son Duke Charles Frederick was a main candidate for succeeding although the choice ultimately fell on Hedwig younger sister Ulrika Eleonora.
	www.freeglossary.com /Hedwig_Sophia_of_Sweden (241 words)

	CHRISTOPH BERNHARD, FREIHERR VON GALEN - LoveToKnow Article on CHRISTOPH BERNHARD, FREIHERR VON GALEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After restoring some degree of peace and prosperity in his principality, Galen had to contend with a formidable insurrection on the part of the citizens of Munster; but at length this was crushed, and the bellicose bishop, who maintained a strong army, became an important personage in Europe.
		In 1664 he was chosen one of the diiectors of the imperial army raised to fight the Turk; and after the peace which followed the Christian victory at St Gotthard in August 1664, he aided the English king Charles 11.
		of Sweden, and conquered the duchy of Bremen.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GA/GALEN_CHRISTOPH_BERNHARD_FREIHERR_VON.htm (384 words)

	History of warfare events biography chronology dates of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Birth of Charles Philip Edmund, eldest son of Charles XVI
		Charles X is elected King of Poland-Lithuania by the Sejim to regain the Ukraine
		Sweden remains neutral during the War of The League of Augsberg
	www.badley.info /history/Sweden.country.year.index.html (1328 words)

	Chronology of Colonial Swedes on the Delaware 1638-1713
		Captain Peter Minuit purchases land on west bank from the Schuylkill River to Bombay Hook, builds Fort Christina at present Wilmington and leaves 24 men, under the command of Lt. Måns Kling, to man the fort and trade with Indians.
		After having the soldier killed by a firing squad, Printz packs his bags and returns to Sweden, leaving the colony under the command of his son-in-law Johan Papegoja.
		Church at Tinicum is abandoned and its congregation (on both sides of river) is divided between Wicaco and Crane Hook churches.
	www.colonialswedes.org /History/Chronology.html (2439 words)

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