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	King Charles XII
		Charles XII was born in 1682, and he was barely 15 years old when his father died (of a widely spread stomach cancer) in 1697.
		Charles led the defence of the province of Vor-Pomerania against the Brandenburgian forces until Stralsund itself was surrounded (and eventually fell).
		Had Charles XII himself survived his Norwegian campaign, Sweden would almost certainly have achieved better terms of peace than the unlucky Queen Ulrica Eleonora and her advisors (including her strongly anti-Russian husband, the future King Frederick I, who was a son of the Landgraf of Hesse).
	hem.passagen.se /uscygnus/CharlesXII.html (2339 words)

	Charles XII - MSN Encarta
		Soon after Charles succeeded to the throne, Sweden, with extensive possessions on the Baltic, was threatened by a coalition of Frederick IV, king of Denmark, Augustus II, king of Poland, and Peter I, tsar of Russia, which resulted in the Great Northern War (1700-1721).
		Charles hastened to the Baltic and rapidly brought his army of 8000 men to the Swedish stronghold, Narva, Estonia, which was beleaguered by 40,000 Russians.
		Charles was now at the height of his power; with a disciplined army holding Germany in awe, he spurned peace overtures from Peter.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558318/Charles_XII.html (471 words)

	Charles XII - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A fortnight later Charles quitted Warsaw, to seek the elector; on the 2nd of July routed the combined Poles and Saxons at Klissow; and three weeks later, captured the fortress of Cracow by an act of almost fabulous audacity.
		From the autumn of 1705 to the spring of 1706, Charles was occupied in pursuing the Russian auxiliary army under Ogilvie through the forests of Lithuania.
		Charles lingered on in Turkey fifteen months longer, in the hope of obtaining a cavalry escort sufficiently strong to enable him to restore his credit in Poland.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Charles_XII (2419 words)

	Charles - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Charles (Count of Flanders) (1083?-1127), called the Good, Count of Flanders (1119-1127), whose reign was notable for bringing peace and justice to...
		Charles (of Lorraine) (1712-1780), prince of Lorraine and commander in the Austrian army.
		Born in Lunéville, Charles was the son of Leopold, duke...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Charles.html (109 words)

	Poltava, Battle of
		XII of Sweden to ensure that Ukraine would not be annexed by Poland in the event of a Swedish victory.
		Charles had 31,000 men but only 4 cannons; 6,000 of his soldiers were engaged in maintaining the siege or guarding the
		XII learned, during the night of 7 July, that a Kalmyk army of 40,000 would arrive to reinforce the Russians in two days, he decided to act first and destroy the Russian encampment in a lightning blow.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/P/O/PoltavaBattleof.htm (627 words)

	Charles XII, Sweden.
		Charles XII reigned as king of Sweden from 1697-1718.
		Charles XII mobilized Sweden for war, called on the treaty obligations of England and Holland and dispatched Denmark in six weeks.
		In the final years of the reign Charles raised yet another army for the invasion of Norway (then a part of Denmark) and during the second invasion of that country was shot through the head before the small fortress of Frederiksten (at Halden in Norway).
	www.pierre-marteau.com /resources/charles-xii-sweden.html (1293 words)

	Charles XII of Sweden Summary
		Carl XII, Karl XII or Carolus Rex, (June 17, 1682 – November 30, 1718), the Alexander of the North, nicknamed in Turkish as Demirbaş Şarl (Charles the Habitué), was a King of Sweden from 1697 until his death in 1718.
		Charles defeated the Polish king Augustus II and his Saxon allies at the Battle of Kliszow in 1702 and captured many important cities of the Commonwealth.
		Charles XII and Mazepa at the Dnieper River after the Poltava by an unknown artist.
	www.bookrags.com /Charles_XII_of_Sweden (2341 words)

	Charles XIII - LoveToKnow 1911
		On the death of Gustavus III., Charles, now duke of Sudermania, acted as regent of Sweden till 1796; but the real ruler of the country was the narrow-minded and vindictive Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, whose mischievous influence over him was supreme.
		These four years were perhaps the most miserable and degrading in Swedish history (an age of lead succeeding an age of gold, as it has well been called) and may be briefly described as alternations of fantastic jacobinism and ruthless despotism.
		But by this time he was prematurely decrepit, and Bernadotte (see Charles Xiv.) took over the government as soon as he landed in Sweden (181o).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Charles_XIII (314 words)

	Sweden, Russia and the Great Northern War
		In August 1706, Charles XII attacked at Dresden and Leipzig, and Augustus was forced to surrender.
		Charles wanted restitution of all lands that he thought were his, which included the area where St. Petersburg was being built, and he wanted Russia to pay him restitution for having gone to war against him.
		Charles was interested in the new line that was being dug fifty yards closer to the fort, and around eight in the evening, on November 30, Charles raised himself above the crest of his rampart to have a look.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h30-sw.htm (6227 words)

	::Charles XII of Sweden::
		Charles XII was king of Sweden from 1697 to 1718.
		Charles was also highly intelligent - fluent in German and Latin with a very good knowledge of philosophy, art, maths and architecture.
		Charles successfully continued his father's policy of absolutism and the people of Sweden took to him making a popular rebellion all but impossible.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /charles_xii_of_sweden.htm (402 words)

	Charles, XII Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Charles XII (1682-1718) was king of Sweden from 1697 to 1718.
		The son of Charles XI and Ulrica Leonora, daughter of Frederick III of Denmark, Charles XII was born on June 17, 1682.
		To Charles the defense of his realm was a mixture of honor, duty, and patriotism.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/charles-xii (1227 words)

	Voltaire
		CHARLES XII was a brown colt bred in 1836 by Major Nicholas Yarburgh.
		Charles XII was a weedy and somewhat delicate youngster who reached 16 hands by the age of three, but he proved to be a game stayer who ran for five seasons.
		Finally, a deal was struck with Yarburgh for Charles XII for £3,000, and Johnstone had the pleasure of running the horse for the remainder of his years on the turf.
	www.tbheritage.com /Portraits/Voltaire.html (2492 words)

	Poke's Fifteen Decisive Battles
		Charles V. and his great rival, our Elizabeth and her adversary Philip of Spain, the Guises, Sully, Richelieu, Cromwell, De Witt, William of Orange, and the other leading spirits of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, thought no more about the Muscovite Czar than we now think about the King of Timbuctoo.
		The victorious occupation of Moscow by Charles XII.
		But Charles at that time was solely bent on dethroning the sovereign of Russia, as he had already dethroned the sovereign of Poland, and all Europe fully believed that he would entirely crush the Czar, and dictate conditions of peace in the Kremlin.
	www.standin.se /fifteen12a.htm (4670 words)

	Charles XII, king of Sweden — Infoplease.com
		Charles XII, 1682–1718, king of Sweden (1697–1718), son and successor of Charles XI.
		The Swedish army was outnumbered, weakened by long marches and a cold winter, and without the active leadership of Charles, who was wounded; it suffered a disastrous defeat by the Russians at Poltava.
		A whole Turkish army was sent (1713) to dislodge him from his house; Charles defended it with a handful of men for several hours until he was forced by fire to make a sortie.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0811458.html (459 words)

	CMH5
		Charles rent asunder this web of falsehood by publishing the treaty and compelling Augustus to ratify it afresh (January 19, 1707) and carry out all its stipulations, not one of which was of the slightest political advantage to Sweden.
		Charles was approached on the subject of peace ; but, recognising that the line of the Neva was really vital to the existence of Sweden's Baltic empire, he refused to cede St Petersburg, and insisted on Peter's restitution of all his conquests and the payment of a war indemnity.
		On February 12, Charles encamped at Smorgonie on the Velya, one of the tributaries of the Niémen.
	www.uni-mannheim.de /mateo/camenaref/cmh/cmh519.html (0 words)

	Charles XII of Sweden - Glasgledius (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Charles XII of Sweden (June 17, 1682 - November 30, 1718), was king of Sweden.
		Charles then turned against Poland, defeating Augustus and his Saxon allies at the Battle of Klissow[?] in 1702.
		The battle was a disaster, and Charles fled south to the Ottoman Empire.
	www.glasglow.com /E2/ch/Charles_XII_of_Sweden.html (474 words)

	Charles XII
		June 1682, Charles was a skinny and rather frail child, however when he was only four years old he was riding out with his father and taking part in tough masculine pursuits.
		This proved impractical as the members of the Regency Council seldom agreed on policy, and realising that Charles was not the kind of prince to be pushed into the background, he was declared king in November, then aged only fifteen.
		‘Charles was knight errant and berserker in one.
	www.battlefieldanomalies.com /poltava/02_charles_xii.htm (506 words)

	TheHistoryNet \| Military History \| Great Northern War: Swedish King Charles XII's Campaigns
		Charles XII, the dynamic young king who led Sweden into the Eighteenth Century, is not nearly as well known today as his contemporary Peter the Great, Czar of Russia.
		Charles, raised from infancy to be king, was well-read and scholarly, an excellent organizer and even a reformer.
		When Charles XII, great-great nephew of the famed tactician Gustavus Adolphus, came to power in 1697 at the age of 15, the Baltic Sea was virtually a Swedish lake.
	www.historynet.com /mh/bl-charles-XII (1134 words)

	Mavi Boncuk: Charles XII of Sweden and the Ottoman Exile (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mavi Boncuk: Charles XII of Sweden and the Ottoman Exile
		Charles XII of Sweden and the Ottoman Exile
		On December 11,1718, Charles XII was shot dead through the head by an assassin in Norway and was succeeded by his sister Ulrika Eleanora who also ruled during his exile in the Ottoman Lands.
	maviboncuk.blogspot.com /2004/07/charles-xii-of-sweden-and-ottoman.html (962 words)

	Charles XII of Sweden
		Denmark's defeat, however, and Sweden's ensuing rise to prominence in the Baltic region was viewed suspiciously by two powerful neighbors, King August II of Poland (cousin to both Charles XII and Frederick IV of Denmark) and Peter the Great of Russia.
		Charles then turned against Poland, defeating Augustus and his Saxon allies at the Battle of Klissow in 1702.
		Charles expected the support of a massive Cossack rebellion in Ukraine but the Russians destroyed the rebel army before they could reach the Swedes.
	www.gamesinathens.com /olympics/c/ch/charles_xii_of_sweden.shtml (658 words)

	Charles XII (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Charles XII, b 17 June 1682 in Stockholm, d 30 November 1718 in Fredrikshald, Norway.
		II), Charles conquered Denmark, occupied Poland, and forced Augustus to abdicate.
		In the fall of 1708 Charles advanced into Ukraine, where in 1709 he suffered defeat by Russia in the decisive
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/C/H/CharlesXII.htm (145 words)

	Peter the Great's Work on Building his Dream: St. Petersburg
		Charles XII went against all military logic and attacked immediately upon arrival, despite the odds, and dealt the Russian Army a horrible defeat.
		The plans of Charles XII began with the siege of Poltava, which would prove to be an arduous task for the ambitious Swede.
		Charles XII had no visual of the battlefield because he was on a stretcher so he had to rely on the descriptions of Rehnskjold, his second in command.
	it.stlawu.edu /~rkreuzer/pmayopike/website.html (3000 words)

	HIS 241 Peter the Great CTE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As luck would have it, Charles XII was hit in the foot, incapacitating the king and preventing him from personally leading his troops in battle, as was his custom; that probably sealed the Swedish defeat then and there.
		Charles XII still made his battle plans and intended to control the battle from a litter without being able to see what was actually going on.
		Charles XII managed to escape with about 1,500 men to Moldova, then part of the Ottoman Empire where he spent five years in exile before he was able to return to Sweden.
	novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/evans/HIS241/Remarks/PeterCTE.html (1425 words)

	cxii3teg.html
		Charles spent the remaining eighteen years of his life at war, leading the resistance to this onslaught in person.
		Charles had been killed in 1718, murdered, according to the latest investigations, by a ball fired from close range, encased in the brass or silver metal of one of his own coat-buttons.
		Attitudes to Charles XII within Sweden, which hardened against him as his star began to fall, have always been subject to swings of hero-worship and denigration.
	www.cichw.net /cxiiteg.html (1740 words)

	Charles XII King of Sweden: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		Charles XII and the Collapse of the Swedish Empire, 1682- 1719
		CHARLES XII, king of Sweden 1682 1718...Stanislaus as king, end his alliance...Patkul, whom Charles then had broken...the alliance of the Cossack...he escaped to Sweden and proceeded...History of Charles XII.
		CHARLES XI, king of Sweden 1655 97, king of Sweden (1660 97), son and successor of Charles X. Charles ascended the throne at the age of...efficiently.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101236778 (1687 words)

	Sweden, Britain & The Netherlands (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Charles X was so successful a soldier that only Dutch intervention prevented Swedish domination of the entire Baltic region.
		Charles XI died suddenly at age 42 and was succeeded by the fifteen-year-old Charles XII.
		In 1660 the monarchy was restored and Charles II acceded the throne.
	faculty.history.wisc.edu /sommerville/351/351-153.htm (2115 words)

	Charles XII, Karl XII or Carolus Rex < About L'viv (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Charles XII candidate Stanislav Leczinski is elected as new king in Poland the 2nd of July.
		But news reaches Charles XII that August have succeeded in retaken Warsaw from the swedes the 21st of August.
		A story tells that when dragoon regiments of Sweden King's Charles XII attacked Lviv a soldier from Kornyakt Tower by a well-aimed arrow knocked the hat down from the King's head.
	www.about.lviv.ua /english/People/Charles_XII.shtml (669 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Charles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Charles River Laboratories to Offer $300 Million Convertible Senior Notes; Company Intends to Repurchase Approximately $125 Million of Common Stock.
		Charles River Laboratories Announces Second-Quarter 2006 Results from Continuing Operations.
		Charles River Laboratories Announces First-Quarter 2006 Results; Enters into Agreement to Sell Phase II - IV Clinical Business to Kendle; Provides Revised Guidance for 2006; Increases Stock Repurchase Authorization.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Charles (547 words)

	CHARLES XII - Online Information article about CHARLES XII
		Leipzig, where Charles had fixed his headquarters, " to endeavour to penetrate the designs of the king of Sweden.
		relief army which Levenhaupt was bringing to Charles from Livonia, and which, hampered by hundreds of loaded wagons, was overtaken and almost destroyed by Peter at Lyesna after a two days' battle against fourfold odds (October), The very elements now began to fight against the perishing but still unconquered host.
		On the 26th of June Charles held a council of war, at which it was resolved to attack the Russians in their entrenchments on the following day.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHA_CHR/CHARLES_XII.html (3780 words)

	Henry Livingston's Music Manuscript Book: p.2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Charles XII of Sweden forced the Danes to make peace and defeated Peter I of Russia at Narva.
		Sir Frances Dashwood, of the Hellfire Club, seduced Empress Anne of Russia in 1729 by pretending to be King Charles XII of Sweden.
		Tentative beginnings of military music already occurred in the 16th century, but a proper organization was not introduced until the latter part (1680-1720) of what is known as the Great Power Period, when infantry and dragoon regiments were allotted a small group of 4, 6 or 8 musicians, known as "oboists".
	www.iment.com /maida/familytree/henry/music/p2.htm (218 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for xii
		Charles XII was one of the greatest military leaders in European history.
		Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust: a reply to Daniel Goldhagen.(Comment)(Critical Essay)
		Pius XII and the Holocaust: Kevin Madigan & critics.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=xii&StartAt=1 (857 words)

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