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	Encyclopedia: Charles-XII-of-Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charles XII, Karl XII or Carolus Rex, (June 17, 1682 â“ November 30, 1718), the Alexander of the North, nicknamed in Turkish as DemirbaÅ Åarl (Charles the Habitue), was a King of Sweden from 1697 until his death.
		Charles XII of Sweden, by Axel Sparre 1712 The two-dimensional work of art depicted in this image is in the public domain in the United States and in those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years.
		Charles X or Karl X Gustav (1622-Sweden, son of John Casimir, Margrave of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, and Catherine, sister of Gustavus Adolphus, was born at the Castle of Nyköping on November 8, 1622.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Charles_XII_of_Sweden (2825 words)

	Encyclopedia: Charles-XV-of-Sweden
		King Karl XV of Sweden, Carl IV of Norway, Carl Ludvig Eugén (May 3, 1826 - August 19, 1872), was the eldest son of King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway, and Josephine of Leuchtenberg.
		As son of Josephine of Leuchtenberg, he was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden and of a sister of Charles X of Sweden, whose blood returned on the throne after being lost in 1818 when Charles XIII died.
		Charles X or Karl X Gustav (1622 – 1660), king of Sweden, son of John Casimir, Margrave of Pfalz-Zweibrücken, and Catherine, sister of Gustavus Adolphus, was born at the Castle of Nyköping on November 8, 1622.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Charles_XV_of_Sweden (2009 words)

	Charles XIII of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Charles XIII (Karl XIII) (October 7, 1748 – 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway (where he was known as Charles II) from 1814 until his death.
		On the death of Gustav III, Charles, now duke of Sudermannia, acted as regent of Sweden till 1796; but the real ruler of the country was the narrow-minded and vindictive Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, whose mischievous influence over him was supreme.
		On the accession of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (November 1796), the duke became a mere cipher in politics till the March 13, 1809, when those who had dethroned Gustav IV Adolf appointed him regent, and finally elected king by Riksdag of the Estates.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carl_II (386 words)

	Charles XIII of Sweden
		Charles XIII, Karl XIII, or Carl II, (1748-1818), king of Sweden and Norway, the second son of king Adolf Frederick of Sweden, and Louisa Ulrica of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great, was born at Stockholm on October 7, 1748.
		On the death of Gustavus III, Charles, now duke of Sudermannia, acted as regent of Sweden till 1796; but the real ruler of the country was the narrow-minded and vindictive Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, whose mischievous influence over him was supreme.
		By the union of Sweden and Norway 1814 Charles became king of Norway under the name Carl II of Norway.
	www.ukpedia.com /c/charles-xiii-of-sweden.html (354 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charles XIV, Karl XIV Johan, or Carl III Johan, (1763-1844), king of Sweden and Norway, born at Pau, France on January 26, 1763.
		In 1808, as governor of the Hanseatic towns, he was to have directed the expedition against Sweden, via the Danish islands, but the plan came to nought because of the want of transports and the defection of the Spanish contingent.
		Charles John, as commander-in-chief of the northern army, successfully defended the approaches to Berlin against Oudinot in August and against Ney in September; but after Leipzig he went his own way, determined at all hazards to cripple Denmark and secure Norway.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/charles_xiv_of_sweden.html (1050 words)

	brief history of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sweden, historical home of the Varangians (Norsemen), the eastern equivalent of the Vikings and founders of Kievan Rus, began to coalesce during the 10th century.
		In 1319 Sweden and Norway were united under the Norwegian king Magnus VII, who in 1343 was forced to give up the throne in favor of his son Haakon VI, husband of Margaret of Denmark.
		Charles soon got in a row with the nobles and civil wars ensued at the end of which he was recalled to the throne but real political power devolved on the Sture family.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /s/sweden.html (633 words)

	Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
		Gustav IV Adolf (1778-1837), king of Sweden, of the house Holstein-Gottorp[?], was the son of Gustav III of Sweden and Sophia Magdalena of Denmark, and born at Stockholm on November 1, 1778.
		On October 31, 1797 Gustav married Frederica Dorothea, daughter of Charles Frederick, grand-duke of Baden, a marriage which might have led to a war with Russia but for the fanatical hatred of the French republic shared by the emperor Paul of Russia and Gustav IV Adolf, which served as a bond of union between them.
		At the suggestion of King Oscar II of Sweden his body was brought to Sweden and interred in the Riddarholm’s church[?].
	www.encyclopedian.com /gu/Gustav-IV-of-Sweden.html (661 words)

	Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On October 31, 1797 Gustav married Frederica, daughter of Charles Frederick, grand-duke of Baden, a marriage which might have led to a war with Russia but for the fanatical hatred of the French republic shared by the emperor Paul of Russia and Gustav IV Adolf, which served as a bond of union between them.
		On June 5 the duke regent was proclaimed king under the title of Charles XIII, after accepting the new liberal constitution, which was ratified by the diet the same day.
		At the suggestion of King Oscar II of Sweden his body was brought to Sweden and interred in the Riddarholmskyrkan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gustav_IV_Adolf_of_Sweden (708 words)

	Sweden
		Charles XII had died in 1718, and was succeeded by his sister, Ulrika Eleanora, conditional on her acceptance of a new constitution destroying the absolute monarchy and vesting the legislative power in a Riksdag of four estates (nobles, clergy, burghers, and peasants).
		Charles XIII was childless, and the Riksdag chose Marshal Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte, prince of Pontecorvo and one of Napoleon's generals, as crown prince, in an effort to conciliate Napoleon.
		Important domestic events in Sweden were the death in 1950 of Gustav V, the accession of his eldest son as Gustav VI Adolph, the creation of a Social Democratic-Agrarian coalition government in 1951, and the development of strong inflationary pressures in the Swedish economy from 1951 to 1952.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/GeogHist/histories/history/hiscountries/S/sweden.html (2802 words)

	Station Information - Oscar I of Sweden
		Oscar I (July 4, 1799 - July 8, 1859), king of Sweden and Norway, was the son of General Bernadotte, afterwards King Charles XIV of Sweden, and his wife, Eugenie Desirée Clary, afterwards Queen Desideria.
		From Charles XIII of Sweden the lad received the title of duke of Sudermannia.
		Oscar I left four sons, of whom two, Carl (Charles XV of Sweden) and Oskar Fredrik (Oscar II of Sweden), succeeded him to the throne.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/o/os/oscar_i_of_sweden.html (530 words)

	The Constitutional Monarchy - Charles XIII And The Early Bernadottes
		Prince Charles, or Charles Johann, as he called himself henceforward, was of a commanding presence and had an interesting face, surrounded by fl curly hair.
		Prince Charles was anxious to have the conflict brought to a rapid close because he feared that the powers, envious of Sweden's good fortune and dissatisfied with the refusal of Prince Charles to join in an attack on France, might take unfavorable decisions at the approaching congress of Vienna.
		Charles XIV., in his native country, had seen to what an infamy the abuse of liberal forms of government could lead, and he was sternly resolved to antagonize any movement which aimed to introduce more democratic principles in the handling of state affairs and in the remodelling of the system of representation.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles35/history-of-sweden-16.shtml (7047 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Charles VIII (of Sweden)
		Charles VIII (of Sweden), known as Karl Knutsson (c.
		Charles VIII (of France) (1470-1498), King of France (1483-1498).
		Charles XIII (1748-1818), King of Sweden (1809-1818) and of Norway (1814-1818).
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Charles_VIII_(of_Sweden).html (94 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Gregory XIII
		Thus Gregory XIII at least partly restored the old faith in England and the northern countries of Europe, supplied the Catholics in those countries with their necessary priests, and introduced Christianity into the pagan countries of Eastern Asia.
		In 1581, Gregory XIII dispatched the Jesuit Antonio Possevino as nuncio to Russia, to mediate between Tsar Ivan IV and King Bathory of Poland.
		The medal which Gregory XIII had struck in memory of the event bears his effigy on the obverse, which ion the reverse under the legend Vgonotiorum Strages (overthrow of the Huguenots) stands an angel with cross and drawn sword, killing the Huguenots.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07001b.htm (2534 words)

	Charles XIII of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charles XIII (October 7, 1748 - February 5, 1818), king of Sweden and Norway, the second son of king Adolf Frederick of Sweden, and Louisa Ulrica of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great, was born at Stockholm on October 7, 1748.
		On the outbreak of the Russo-Swedish War of 1788 he served with distinction as admiral of the fleet[?], especially at the battles of Hogland[?] (June 7, 1788) and Oland (July 26, 1789).
		On the death of Gustavus III, Charles, now duke of Sudermania, acted as regent of Sweden till 1796; but the real ruler of the country was the narrow-minded and vindictive Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, whose mischievous influence over him was supreme.
	www.eurofreehost.com /ch/Charles_XIII_of_Sweden.html (375 words)

	Subject Index Page 16. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charles, son of Philip V and Elizabeth Farnese
		Charles I, king of Spain (later Charles V as Holy Roman emperor)
		See Charles I, king of Spain (later Charles V as Holy Roman emperor).
	www.aol.bartleby.com /67/s16.html (553 words)

	Norway. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Margaret subsequently united the rule of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark in her person and in 1397 had the Kalmar Union drawn up.
		A Swedish army obliged Norway to accept Charles XIII of Sweden, but the act of union of 1814 recognized Norway as an independent kingdom, in personal union with Sweden, with its own constitution and parliament.
		Sweden acquiesced after a plebiscite showed Norwegians nearly unanimously in favor of separation; in a second vote Norway chose to become a monarchy, and parliament elected the second son of Frederick VIII of Denmark king of Norway as Haakon VII.
	www.bartleby.com /65/no/Norway.html (2041 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles XIII, king of Sweden and Norway (Scandinavian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Charles XIII, king of Sweden and Norway, Scandinavian History, Biographies
		Charles XIII 1748–1818, king of Sweden (1809–18) and Norway (1814–18).
		Called to the throne at the forced abdication (1809) of his nephew, Charles accepted a new constitution that limited the monarch's power, and he signed treaties with Denmark and France and a treaty ceding Finland to Russia.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Charles13Swe.html (240 words)

	SEVENTEENTH GENERATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Louisa Ulrica PRUSSIA Queen of Sweden was born in 1720 in Berlin, Prussia - dtr of Frederick William I. She died in 1782 in Sweden - Queen of Adolphus Frederick.
		She was married to Adolphus Frederick of SWEDEN King (son of Duke Christian Augustus of HOLSTEIN-GOTTORP and Albertina of BADEN-DURLACH) in 1744 in Berlin.
		Adolphus Frederick of SWEDEN King was born in 1710 in Holstein-Gottorp - - son of Christian.
	home.att.net /~hamiltonclan/hamilton/gilbert/d7171.htm (119 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Charles XIV John of Sweden Bernadotte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In fact, Sweden was soon engaged in war with France, and Charles contributed to the victory over the French at Leipzig in 1813.
		In 1810 the aging and childless Charles XIII of Sweden adopted him, and he was elected crown prince by the Riksdag.
		Charles married Bernhardine Eugenie Desirée Clary, daughter of Franz Clary and Françoise Rose Somis, on 17 Aug 1798 in Sceaux.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/3/2666.htm (427 words)

	Eric of Pomerania : Eric XIII of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Eric of Pomerania, Erik af Pommern (Danish and Norwegian title) or Erik av Pommern (Eric XIII) (Swedish title), was adopted by Margaret of Denmark and became king of Denmark (1412-1439), king regent of the Kalmar Union, in Norway (1412-1442) and in Sweden (1396-1439).
		He was born in 1382 as the son of Vratislav of Pomerania and Maria of Mecklenburg, grand daughter of Waldemar Atterdag of Denmark and a decendant of Magnus I of Sweden.
		Iohn the French king craftily, and vnder Picardie, Gascoigne, and other territories which he had spoyled and wasted, ambassadors into France, but the Frenchmen gainsaied them in all their speedily prepared himselfe and his forces to crosse the seas, carying with and almost all his Nobles, with a thousand wagons and cartes attending.
	www.termsdefined.net /er/eric-xiii-of-sweden.html (233 words)

	Index to royal Genealogical Data - ordered by forename - part 19 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charles V the Wise of France, King of France de Valois, b.
		Charles XI of Sweden, King of Sweden von Simmern, b.
		Charles XIII of Sweden, King of Sweden Holstein-Gottorp, b.
	www.dcs.hull.ac.uk /public/genealogy/royal/gedFx19.html (659 words)

	Charles XIII of Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charles XIII (October 7, 1748 - February 5, 1818), king of Sweden and Norway, the second son of king Adolf Frederick of Sweden, and Louisa Ulrica of Prussia, sister of II of Prussia">Frederick the Great, was born at Stockholm on October 7, 1748.
		On the accession of IV Adolf of Sweden">Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (November 1796), the duke became a mere cipher in politics till the March 13, 1809, when those who had dethroned Gustav IV Adolf appointed him regent, and finally elected king by Riksdag of the Estates.
		But by this time he was prematurely decrepit, and XIV of Sweden">Jean-Baptist Bernadotte took over the government as soon as he landed in Sweden, 1810.
	www.termsdefined.net /ch/charles-xiii-of-sweden.html (549 words)

	Buells and their Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Christian II (1481-1559), king of Denmark and Norway (1513-23) and of Sweden (1520-23), the son and successor of King John (Hans; 1455-1513).
		Children were: Charles Emanuel II 14th Duke of Savoy, Francis Hyacinth 13th Duke of Savoy, Adelaide Henriette of Savoy.
		Children were: Francis Dauphin of France, Henry II King of France, Charles Duke of Orleans, Madeleine, Marguerite of France.
	www.familyorigins.com /users/b/u/e/Matthew-J-Buell/FAMO2-0001/d28.htm (1922 words)

	EIGHTEENTH GENERATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Charles XIII of SWEDEN-NORWAY King was born in 1748 in Sweden - son of Adolphus Frederick.
		He was born in Schleswig-Holstein - son of Charles XIII.
		Charles XIV John of SWEDEN and NORWAY King.
	home.att.net /~hamiltonclan/hamilton/gilbert/d7367.htm (91 words)

	Charles XIV, king of Sweden and Norway
		Charles XIV (Charles John; Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte), 1763–1844, king of Sweden and Norway (1818–44), French Revolutionary general.
		Gustavus IV of Sweden abdicated and was succeeded by his aged and childless uncle, Charles XIII.
		He was elected crown prince by the Riksdag and adopted (1810) by Charles XIII as Charles John.
	www.factmonster.com /id/A0811460 (388 words)

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