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Topic: Charnockite

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	Charnockite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The charnockite series includes rocks of many different types, some being acid and rich in quartz and microcline, others basic and full of pyroxene and olivine, while there are also intermediate varieties corresponding mineralogically to norites, quartz-norites and diorites.
		The term charnockite consequently is not the name of a rock, but of an assemblage of rock types, connected in their origin because arising by differentiation of the same parent magma.
		In fact, the history of the structures of the charnockite series is the history of the most primitive gneisses in all parts of the world, for which we cannot pretend to have as yet any thoroughly satisfactory explanations to offer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charnockite (598 words)

	Charnockite from Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada
		Charnockite is a term coined by Holland (1900) to describe a type of granitic rock, usually of a distinctive greenish-yellow hue, found at Madras, in Madras state on the southeast coast of India (the official name of city today is Chennai, and the state is Tamil Nadu).
		Charnockites typify the deep continental crust of the Earth, and they are commonly found in granulite-facies metamorphic terranes.
		Baffin charnockites are of Proterozoic age (Pidgeon and Howie, 1975; Jackson and Morgan, 1978).
	www.turnstone.ca /charnock.htm (517 words)

	Trip 2: Road Log and Stop Descriptions
		The rock is composed of 22 to 57 percent alkali feldspar microperthite (chiefly microcline), 10 to 37 percent plagioclase, and 11 to 49 percent quartz with <1 to 14 percent orthopyroxene, 0 to 11 percent amphibole, and rare clinopyroxene.
		Timber Hollow Overlook is underlain by low-silica charnockite that is correlated mineralogically and geochemically with a larger pluton composed of amphibole-bearing farsundite and quartz jotunite (Yfqj) mapped to the south (fig.
		Charnockite is well exposed in ledges located within and adjacent to the stream, from an elevation of about 2,600 ft (790 m) down to near the intersection of Hogcamp Branch and the small stream that descends from Rose River Falls.
	pubs.usgs.gov /circ/2004/1264/html/trip2/log.html (10109 words)

	[No title]
		CHARNOCKITE, a series of foliated igneous rocks of wide distribution and great importance in India, Ceylon, Madagascar and Africa.
		The name was given by Dr T. Holland from the fact that the tombstone of Job Charnock, the founder of Calcutta, is made of a block of this rock.
		The banded structure which these rocks commonly present in the field is only in a small measure due to crushing, but is to a large extent original,and has been produced by fluxion in a viscous crystallizing intrusive magma, together with differentiation or segregation of the mass into bands of different chemical and mineralogical composition.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?locale=en&content_id=14942 (537 words)

	DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Westernmost outcrops are dark gray, mediumgrained, weakly porphyritic, trachytic, apatitic hornblende/biotite/quartz ferromonzodiorite (or jotunite in charnockite terminology); interpreted as border phase.
		Blocky inclusions of this border phase, measuring as much as one meter, are present in the western margin of the granite.
		Smaller northern intrusion consists of fine grained biotite quartz norite (charnockite) and biotite hornblende tonalite; both are intrusive into upper amphibolite/lower granulite grade gneissic rocks of unit Aps.
	www.soilandwater.co.stearns.mn.us /Lakeshed_Project/bedrock_data.htm (1126 words)

	Granulite Gallery
		Dark charnockite forms veinlets and patches obliterating the structure of granodioritic Hbl-Bt gneiss in Kabbaldurga quarry, South India.
		Charnockite patches make a patterned array across the wall of the quarry at Kottavattom, South India.
		A view of one of the critical field areas in northern Namaqualand, where petrographic evidence is preserved for the prograde evolution of the granulite-facies rocks.
	www.earth.ox.ac.uk /~davewa/research/gallery/granulite-gallery.html (765 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The general indication is that all the arrested charnockite were formed around pressures of 5-6 kbar, corresponding to the depth of formation of 25 km, even though the peak metamorphism in the terrain could have been much higher (750-900°C and 7-10 kbar).
		It was important, therefore, to understand the petrological characteristics of the charnockite massif, their temporal relationship to the arrested charnockite formation seen throughout south India, and understand whether this ensemble are magmatic (C-type) and have the appropriate age to be potential heat source to Kerala Khondalite belt rocks.
		During the visit, selected samples of gneiss, charnockite, mafic granulites from Kerala Khondalite Belt and Cardamom charnockite massif were analysed for all the major and trace elements.
	www.cessind.org /earthsystem_geol_crustal_palaeo.htm (1230 words)

	MYRMEKITE 5 of 50
		The presence of olivine and pigeonite in the Sjelset charnockite pluton in Norway indicates crystallization of this rock at high temperature from magma.
		In addition, the presence of myrmekite inside orthoclase as an inclusion in the Sjelset charnockite makes it unlikely that it was formed by exsolution although the third dimension has to be kept in mind.
		Furthermore, the relative coarseness of the quartz vermicules in the myrmekite is not consistent with the sizes of quartz vermicules that are normally formed in plagioclase An-20 in myrmekite (Collins, 1988; Hunt et al., 1992).
	www.csun.edu /~vcgeo005/revised5.htm (1309 words)

	Spectral signatures and spectral mixture modeling as a tool for targeting aluminous laterite and bauxite ore deposits, ...
		The rocks of this belt are mainly consisting of Charnockites, Khondalites, Granites, Granodiorites and unclassified Granulites.
		In contrast to the rugged topography presented by these rocks the laterite/bauxite cappings are characterised by wide and flat to gently sloping plateau-like tops and are marked by conspicuous vertical scarp faces around the peripheries.
		The Charnockite, another major group of rock is mostly composed of quartz, feldspar and hypersthene and shows intrusive relationship towards the Khondalite.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /application/geology/mineral/geom0017.htm (910 words)

	v32b in wp00
		Two contrasting models have been proposed for the charnockite magma genesis, one suggesting that charnockite was derived by partial melting of hornblende free lower crust (Kilpatrick and Ellis, 1992) and other proposing that it was formed by crystal fractionation of mafic magmas derived from enriched source mantle (Takano and Arima, 1999).
		Nevertheless it origin, the wide spread charnockite in EGB and East Antarctica may suggest that charnockite magmatism and related UHT metamorphism were formed during the Grenvillian thermal event reflecting mantle to crust heat and mass transfer associated with the amalgamation of Rodinia-East Gondwana.
		The major lithology of the study area is containing charnockite, two pyroxene granulite, garnet-biotite quartzofeldspathic gneiss, cordierite-biotite garnet quartzofeldspathic gneiss, garnet-biotite-cordierite-sillimanite quartzofeldspathic gneiss, biotite gneiss, hornblende gneiss, calc silicate and marble, quartzite and with intrusions of granites Charnockites and layered metapelitic rocks are the wide spread and largely exposed lithology in this area.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=wp00&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/wp00/wp00&maxhits=200&="V32B" (3429 words)

	DMME - DMR - Geology of Virginia
		The central portion of the Blue Ridge contains one billion-year-old granites and gneisses that are among the oldest rocks in Virginia.
		Charnockite is a type of granite that is widespread in the Virginia Blue Ridge.
		This photomicrograph depicts the major minerals in the image that make up Charnockite: pyroxene (orange), feldspar (medium gray with stripes) and quartz (gray to white).
	www.mme.state.va.us /DMR/DOCS/Geol/blue.html (428 words)

	Making Light: Charnockite
		Any newly-proposed rock name has to have a type section, where the characteristics of the rock are best displayed.
		The rock now known as charnockite was one that deserved a type section.
		Unfortunately, it was known only from cut and polished stones in Calcutta, and the English geologists who studied the rock didn't know where it came from.
	nielsenhayden.com /makinglight/archives/002380.html (354 words)

	CHARNOCKITE - Online Information article about CHARNOCKITE
		The charnockite series includes rocks of many different types, some being See also:
		term charnockite consequently is not the name of a rock, but of an assemblage of rock types, connected in their origin because arising by differentiation of the same See also:
		history of the structures of the charnockite series is the history of the most See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHA_CHR/CHARNOCKITE.html (713 words)

	INTRODUCTION
		Medium- to coarse-grained, massive to well-foliated quartz-hornblende-orthopyroxene-microcline-plagioclase rock or charnockite (Yc) is mapped primarily on the basis of float.
		Massive charnockite is found as a pod-like body within well-foliated hornblende monzonite gneiss (Yhm), northwest of Hillsboro (Southworth, in press a) while to the south, near Route 7, well-foliated charnockite occurs as linear bodies within various granitic gneisses (Southworth, 1994a).
		The charnockite may have formed by the recrystallization of a preexisting hornblende-bearing phase (for example, the granite protolith for the hornblende monzonite gneiss (Yhm) under dry metamorphic conditions).
	geology.er.usgs.gov /eespteam/GISLab/Search/Virginia/loudoun/LOUDOUN.HTM (14385 words)

	Grenvillian Granitoids - Charnockite \| The Geology of Virginia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Photomicrograph of 1000 million year old charnockite (a granitic rock) from the Blue Ridge province.
		Outcrop of charnockite on High Peak, Tobacco Row Mountain, Amherst County
		As one variety of granite (a granitoid), charnockite can have many different appearances like these two outcrops, half a meter apart.
	www.wm.edu /geology/virginia/charnockite.html (101 words)

	(Page 1) Geology of the Prince Charles Mountains
		They were subsequently intruded by late syn-tectonic orthopyroxene granitoid (charnockite) plutons, granitic stocks and pegmatite veins as well as younger mafic alkaline dykes.
		Further studies have reported a Rb-Sr whole-rock age of 882+/-140ma for intrusive charnockite rocks of the Porthos Range, and Sm-Nd ages of 635 to 555ma for monazite inclusions within garnets in a leucogneiss sheet from Mount McCarthy.
		The second episode, coeval with the major ~1000ma tectonothermal event, resulted in extensive granitic (charnockite, granite and syenite granite) intrusion and the formation of minor leucogneiss bodies and granitoid intrusion within the northern Prince Charles Mountains.
	www.aad.gov.au /ten_facts/stations_territories/pcm/npcm_text.asp (1282 words)

	Windmill Islands Geology
		The geology of the Windmill Islands has been described by Post et al (1995) as consisting of a multiply deformed supracrustal sequence, which is intruded by minor porphyritic granites and extensive charnockites.
		A north-south metamorphic grade is present in the region (Paul and Stüwe 1995) and four major phases of deformation have been recognised.
		These are intruded by the Ardery Charnockite which forms an arc sweeping from Robinson Ridge, through Odbert, Ardery, Holl and Peterson Islands to Browning Peninsula.
	www.aad.gov.au /ten_facts/stations_territories/windmill/windisl_geology.asp (196 words)

	Union College Geology Department, field trips attended by Kurt Hollocher, NYSGA 2002 field trip B1
		Marble on the banks of the Hudson River, Warrensburg, showing complexly folded amphibolite and calc-silicate rock.
		Marble on the banks of the Hudson River, Warrensburg, looking at very coarse marble and "xenoliths" of charnockite.
		This is a charnockite containing large xenocrysts of gray andesine like that in the anorthosites.
	www.union.edu /PUBLIC/GEODEPT/hollocher/kth/field_trips/nysga_2002.htm (260 words)

	458 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The reaction textures developed and regular changes in mineral compositions are the direct evidence for the leading role of metasomatic transformation of biotite gneiss into charnockite at the front of incipient charnockitization.
		The core of the patch consists of eutectic hyprsthene granite (charnockite).
		Similar microveins evidently formed at the late stage of charnockitization from sodium rich fluids.
	www.esc.cam.ac.uk /Library/Journals/J.Conf.Abs./1/458.html (419 words)

	J. Petrology Editor's Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Anorthosite, syenite, and granitoid plutons (1100-980 Ma) intruded the Sailor Brook and Polletts Cove River gneisses.
		Field relations, major and trace-element geochemistry, and isotopic characteristics indicate that the anorthosite and charnockite were likely co-existing melts, but not differentiates of a single parent magma.
		The lithological and chemical characteristics of the Lowland Brook Syenite are similar to a contemporaneous belt of ultrapotassic plutons in the southern Grenville Province, and both have the chemical characteristics of certain modern continental-margin arc magmas.
	earth.leeds.ac.uk /jpet/miller.html (246 words)

	MYRMEKITE 13 OF 50
		The leucogranite cannot be a charnockite because it has not been emplaced at granulite-facies depth and is not associated with anorthosite-mangerite suites (Hyndman, 1985).
		Because of the presence of hypersthene, the leucogranite could be called a charnockite at this location.
		No evidence exists that this leucogranite is a true charnockite formed by charnockitization of amphibolite-grade gneisses at high temperatures and pressures as in India and Sri Lanka (e.g., Ramaswamy and Murty, 1968, 1972; Bhattacharyya, 1971; Phillips, 1972; Chadha, 1980; Allen et al., 1985; Kumar et al., 1985; Perchuk et al., 1994).
	www.csun.edu /~vcgeo005/rubidoux.htm (3700 words)

	Early Archaean continental crust in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt, India: isotopic evidence from a charnockite suite ...
		Early Archaean continental crust in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt, India: isotopic evidence from a charnockite suite -- BHATTACHARYA et al.
		Early Archaean continental crust in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt, India: isotopic evidence from a charnockite suite
		studies of a charnockite massif of tonalitic to trondhjemitic
	geolmag.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/138/5/609 (220 words)

	GIS@development: April 2005: Geomorphological investigations using IRS data
		At the mid point of the bay, rocky exposures occur in the foreshore region, which are weathered due to wave action.
		Beyond the berm region, acidic charnockite is present.
		In the wave cut terrace, sandy layers of heavy mineral bands are formed.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /magazine/years/2005/apr/geomorphological1.htm (735 words)

	Drainage and emplacement of magmas along an inclined transcurrent shear zone: petrophysical evidence from a ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Detailed petrographic and microstructural observations are combined with an AMS study of 172 stations.
		The continuum between charnockites and granites is revealed by their constituent minerals and the magnetic susceptibility map.
		The contemporaneity of emplacement of all the petrographic types is demonstrated by their similar mineral- and magnetic-fabrics.
	www.science.siu.edu /geology/people/Ferre/Rahama-KLUWER.html (231 words)

	Summary of Citation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Publication: Bartholomew, M.J. and Lewis, S.E., 1984, Evolution of Grenville massifs in the Blue Ridge geologic province, southern and central Appalachians, IN Bartholomew, M.J., ed., The Grenville event in the Appalachians and related topics: Geological Society of America Special Paper, 194, p.
		Petrographically similar to the charnockites and jotunites of the Pedlar River Suite.
		Contains porphyroblastic charnockite and a few small bodies of mafic jotunite/norite.
	ngmdb.usgs.gov /Geolex/Refsmry/sumry_575.html (127 words)

	University Department of Geology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The complex geological ensemble of Petermann ranges of East Antarctica and the geological map of the Wohlthat Region have been brought out.
		His study on the Petermann charnockite suite of the anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite (AMCG) association has established the occurrence of a unique C-type magma genetically unrelated to the anorthosite magma which produced the juxtaposed Gruber anorthosite massif.
		The reconstruction of Gondwanaland vis-à-vis the juxtaposition of Eastern Ghats of India against Enderby land of East Antarctica has shown that the Kerala Khondalite-charnockite belt comes in strike continuity with the Dronning Maud land of East Antarctica.
	www.geolmlsu.org /BRBejarniya.html (160 words)

	Geology of the Ukrainian Shield
		Gneiss-enderbite formation is presented by the block form in the western part of Dnestrovsko-Bugsky region, where it associates with kinzigite-granite formation; in the eastern part it is presented by stratiform-lense morphological varieties.
		It is composed mainly of enderbites and partly of charnockites.
		It contains the rocks of hypersthene gneiss-crystalline schist formation in the form of block or stratiform-lense inclusions.
	www.geofuel.lviv.net /GENERAL/uks_map.htm (5713 words)

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