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	Chatrang
		Chatrang (pronounced, roughly, "shatranj") is an ancient Indian game which is presumed to be the common ancestor of chess, Xiangqi, Shogi, Janggi and Makruk[?].
		The queen, which was called a vizier, moved exactly one square diagonally.
		Pawns in Chatrang did not have the option of moving two squares on the first move.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ch/Chatrang.html (187 words)

	Chatrang: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Chatrang Chatrang Chatrang (pronounced, roughly, shatranj) is an ancient Indian...piece.
		Chatrang (pronounced, roughly, "shatranj") is an ancient Indian game which is presumed to be the common ancestor of chess, Xiangqi, Shogi, Janggi and Makruk[?].
		The queen, which was called a vizier, moved exactly one square diagonally.
	www.encyclopedian.com /sh/Shatranj.html (302 words)

	Chatrang
		In the first half of the century, there are 3 text written in Pahlavi (Middle Persian) which evokes Chatrang, the eldest member known of the Chess family.
		From those texts, we learn that Chatrang was rather well known and estimated at the Persian court and, also, that the game had been introduced from India!
		It is supposed that the rules were unchanged from Chatrang to Shatranj.
	history.chess.free.fr /chatrang.htm (321 words)

	Explanation of Chess and arrangement of Vin-Artakhshir
		In the old game of Chatrang it occupied a position next to the King and Queen and is hence mentioned in our text immediately after the Farzin.
		This square was in Chatrang given to the Roka or ship, which had moves peculiar to itself.
		But we find that the game is mentioned in Pahlavi texts along with "Chatrang" and the knowledge of the two games was regarded as essential in the education of princes; Vide Khusru i Kavatan va Ritak-i § 15, and Karnamak i Artakhshir I Papakan, Chap.
	www.avesta.org /pahlavi/chatrang.htm (1892 words)

	Chessays - Calvo - Chess History: Some Facts to Think About
		The "Kamamak", an epical treatise about the founder of this dinasty, mentions the game of chatrang as one of the accomplishments of the legendary hero.
		It has a proving force that a game under this name was popular in the period of redaction of the text, supposedly the end of the 6th century or the beginning of the 7th.
		The Pahlevi word "Chatrang" means, even to- day, the mandrake plant, which has a root in form of a human figure.
	www.goddesschess.com /chessays/calvofacts.html (913 words)

	Cazaux on chess - A Hybrid Game?
		Chess (as an evolution of Chatrang / Chaturanga) and Xiangqi striking resemblance is certainly not fortuitous.
		The first three schemes are too simple to explain all Chatrang and Xiangqi similarities AND differences.
		My deep intuition is that peculiar Pawn move in Chatrang which can form very efficient self-protected chains could derive from a local evolution of the Graeco-Roman battle game (the phalanx, the mysterious latin mandra?).
	www.goddesschess.com /chessays/cazaux1.html (1410 words)

	uschess.org \| Should You Shower This Book with Gold Pieces?
		Rather, it was almost certainly (like the Bible and the Internet) the result of years of tinkering by a large, decentralized group, a slow achievement of collective intelligence.
		After what might have been centuries of tinkering, chatrang, the first true version of what we now call chess, finally emerged in Persia sometime during the fifth or sixth century.
		Chatrang was a modified import from neighboring India, where an older, four-player version of the game was known as chaturanga—which itself may have been a much older import from neighboring China.
	beta.uschess.org /frontend/magazine_124_99.php (2916 words)

	Electric Games - PC Downloads - Net Chess (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This is how the chatrang (shatrandi) game for 2 partners that gradually took over neighboring lands such as China, Persia and the Arabian caliphate came about.
		Chatrang came to Europe with the conquering moors.
		The Europeans revised some of the rules of the game and came up with one of the most popular games in history, chess.
	www.electric-games.com /pc-games/n/pc-netchess.html (141 words)

	cazaux
		The first 3 schemes are too simple to explain all Chatrang and Xiangqi similarities AND differences.
		Again, it is difficult to be convinced of an evolution, whatever its direction, explaining one type of Pawn deriving from the other.
		My deep intuition is that peculiar Pawn move in Chatrang which can form very efficient self-protected chains could derive from a local evolution of the Graeco-Roman battle game (the phalanx, the mysterious latin mandra ?).
	www.mynetcologne.de /~nc-jostenge/cazaux.htm (1383 words)

	Origin of Chess - Origin of Life and Thought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		From India it migrated to Persia, where its terminology was translated into Persian, and its name changed to 'Chatrang'.
		According to a hypothesis by David H. Li, general Han Xin drew on Liubo to develop the earliest form of chess in the winter of 204 BC-203 BC.
		It has a proving force that a game under this name was popular in the period of redaction of the text, supposedly the end of the 6th century or the beginning of the 7th.
	www.0rig.in /origin_of_chess.htm (1591 words)

	The Dragon Caves Discussion Board - Chessmen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The piece has a cross on top of it and was found in an old Byzantine or Roman palace.
		The earliest known chesspieces (chatrang) were found at Afrasaib, near Samarkand in Uzbekistan.
		What was found were seven pieces consisting of a king, chariot, vizier, horse, elephant, and 2 soldiers.
	www.thedragoncaves.com /forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=208 (1024 words)

	Ouk Chatrang - Makruk
		Ouk Chatrang is Cambodian Chess, Chess played in Cambodia and Makruk is Thai or Siamese Chess, Chess played in Thailand (old name was Siam).
		More will be given by the Captain James Low to Asiatic Researches in 1836 and, finally, Edward Falkener will supply reliable informations he had got from Prince Devawongsee, Minister of Foreign Affairs of H.M. the King of Siam, in 1889.
		Ouk Chatrang is most probably played in Cambodia for a long time, as it is depicted in
	history.chess.free.fr /cambodian.htm (1462 words)

	Shatranj - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia
		Shatranj or Shatranji is an old form of chess from which modern chess has gradually developed.
		The game came to Persia from the Indian game of Chaturanga around the 6th or 7th century.
		It is believed that Chatrang and Chaturanga had very similar rules.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Shatranj (1132 words)

	Chess; Iranian or Indian Invention?
		The "Kamamak", an epical treatise about the founder of this dynasty, mentions the game of chatrang as one of the accomplishments of the legendary hero.
		The Pahlavi word "Chatrang" means, even to- day, the mandrake plant, which has a root in form of a human figure.
		So, there is a good case in favour of a different etymological interpretation: Any game played with pieces representing figures may be compared with the "shatrang" plant.
	www.parstimes.com /sports/chess/chess.html (1036 words)

	The Origins of Chess
		It had two key features found in all later Chess variations--different pieces had different powers (unlike Checkers and Go), and victory was based on one piece, the king of modern chess.
		Allied armies where united into single units,making it now a two-player game, and the movements of the Elephants and the Boatmen were interchanged.
		Chatrang developed directly into chess as we know it today.
	www.geocities.com /clanof65/65co_origingame.html (656 words)

	A Quick Look at Wargames
		This name was also used to describe a gaming board, which was used at that time in India for various games.
		This game is precisely the same as the Indian Chaturanga board game, the only difference being the Persian name.
		Early modern Chess was developed on the Iberian Peninsula, a derivative of Shatranj, which was brought there by the conquering Moors.
	www.iwar.org.uk /military/resources/wargames.htm (1637 words)

	Chess History
		In those days it was played with 4 players and there were 4 colors of pieces: white, yellow, fl and red.
		Further on, the Chaturanga moved to Persia, where it was called “Chatrang”.
		The persian Chatrang became very popular among the Arabians, who adapted the name to their language and called it “Shantraj” or “Shatranj”.
	www.mediagambling.com /en/skill-games/Chess-History.php (409 words)

	Origine degli scacchi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In particolare antichi poemi persiani descrivono, talvolta anche in dettaglio, un antico gioco da tavolo, lo Chatrang, che sembra avere notevoli tratti in comune con il moderno gioco degli scacchi.
		Questi stessi poemi (risalenti circa al VI-VII secolo d.C.) definiscono il gioco persiano del Chatrang come derivato da un gioco ancor più antico e di provenienza indiana, lo Chaturanga.
		In Persia un po' alla volta cambiarono non solo il nome, prima Chatrang e poi Shatranj, ma progressivamente anche le regole, che pertanto a piccoli passi si stavano avvicinando a quelle moderne.
	www.geocities.com /latanadelgiaguaro2002/varie/origine.htm (240 words)

	[No title]
		The first match is an email article from July 1999 which mentions that 'Ouk Chatrang is apparently the traditional Cambodian game' -- that's east of India, but Persia is to the west, so scratch that.
		Many think the first form was Chaturanga, Indian name, or Chatrang, Persian name...' The third match is a page [Proto-Chaturanga], which uses exactly the same phrase in its introduction.
		This means that Chaturanga and Chatrang are exactly the same game.
	members.tripod.com /~Mark_Weeks/Sit-rvws/2000-12.txt (1247 words)

	Chess; Iranian or Indian Invention? (CAIS)
		The "Karnamak-i Ardeshir-i Papakan", an epical treatise about the founder of Sasanian dynasty, mentions the game of "chatrang" as one of the accomplishments of the legendary hero.
		In any case, to be on safer ground, should be remember that the earliest physical evidences about the board game called chess belong to Iran.
		The Pahlavi word "Chatrang" which rooted from Aryan (Old-Persian), means, even to-day, the "mandrake plant", which has a root in form of a human figure.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Sport/chess.htm (1703 words)

	Tezeta: A Note on Ethiopian Chess
		Ethiopia deserves an honourable place in the great history of chess which appears to have been traditionally popular in court circles and among the nobility.
		The game was known in Amharic as Sentherej, a name borrowed from the Arabs who called it Shatranj, a corruption of the Persian Chatrang, itself derived from the Sanskrit chaturanga.
		In the early sixteenth century the Emperor Lebua Dengel (1508-1540) is said to have played chess as well as cards with the Venetian artist Gregorio or Hieronimo Bicini, as was related by the Ethiopian ecclesiastic, Brother Thomas of Ganget, in his conversations with the Italian Alessandro Zorzi.1
	tezeta.org /25/a-note-on-ethiopian-chess (891 words)

	[No title]
		(ibn is 'son of') 0590 Chatrang was an accepted noble accomplishment.
		0628 PARWIZ; Khusraw II Parwiz dies; KARNAMAK written under his reign 0630 Chatrang (old Persian word for chess) developed from chaturanga.
		0638 Islamic conquest of Persia changes chatrang to shatranj.
	members.tripod.com /~scalise/scalise4/0-1800.html (5156 words)

	History of Nard or (Back Gammon)
		The French call it tric-trac because of the noise made by the casting of dices each time the turn of a player comes to play.
		Although the Pahlavi Book of Mazikan Chatrang is considered to be fiction rather than a historical fact, however the part in it about the reasons for making this game and what it represents is so interesting that here it is translated it in full.
		I have made something in the name of Ardeshir the Great and have named it "Vinardeshir." Its board is the symbol of the earth, its pieces that are 30 as a whole are symbols of 30 days of the month.
	members.vpchat.com /arman/Backgammon-History.html (629 words)

	ADVANCED CHARLATAN CHESS® About The History Of 'Western' Chess
		Many scholars trace the origin of the modern-day "Western" chess game to a game that seems to have been invented in Punjab, a city of northern India.
		The game is called "Chatrang," invented it seems in 550 AD.
		And from there we have an excellent record of the game evolving further into its present form.
	www.charlatanchess.com /eng8.htm (304 words)

	Eiland Islamic Heraldry
		Whatever the case there is no doubt that the game was known in the Islamic West.
		Arab chronicles note that they took the game of "shatransh" from the Iranians, who knew it as "chatrang." The latter game was played on an un-checkered board with 8 x 8 squares, with two opposing armies of 16 pieces each.
		While the pieces used in the game changed over time, the arrangement of the field of play remained stable over time and space.
	users.panola.com /AAGHS/EILAND/islamic_chess_.html (806 words)

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