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Topic: Chaturanga

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	Chaturanga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chaturanga is an ancient Indian game which is presumed to be the common ancestor of chess, xiangqi, shogi, janggi and makruk.
		Chaturanga is the direct ancestor of shatranj which was the form that brought chess to medieval Europe.
		In Sanskrit, "Chaturanga" literally means "having four limbs or parts" and in epic poetry often means "army".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chaturanga (683 words)

	Facts about topic: (Chaturanga) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chaturanga is allegedly the direct ancestor of shatranj (additional info and facts about shatranj) which was the form that brought chess to medieval Europe (additional info and facts about medieval Europe).
		For simplicity only the differences with modern chess (A game for two players who move their 16 pieces according to specific rules; the object is to checkmate the opponent's king) will be here listed.
		Pawns ((chess) the least powerful piece; moves only forward and captures only to the side; it can be promoted to a more powerful piece if it reaches the 8th rank) in Chaturanga did not have the option of moving two squares on the first move.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/chaturanga.htm (578 words)

	Chessays - Pavle Bidev - Chess - a Mathematical Model of the Cosmos?
		It is clear that the word "chaturanga" became the regular epic name for the army at an early date in Sanskrit.
		The starting position of pieces in chaturanga corresponds to the present state of affairs and consequently the chariots once stood in four corners of the boards as they do nowadays.
		The four chariots may eternally circulate in chaturanga without meeting one another anywhere; the same is with the elephants and mantrins.
	www.goddesschess.com /chessays/bidev1.html (6747 words)

	MSN Encarta - Chess
		Chess is one of a group of games descended from chaturanga, a game believed to have originated in India in the 6th century or perhaps earlier, which itself may be related to a much older Chinese game.
		Chaturanga is a Sanskrit word referring to the four arms (or divisions) of an Indian army—elephants, cavalry, chariots, and infantry—which inspired the four types of pieces in that game.
		Chaturanga spread eastward to China, and then through Korea to Japan.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761565896_3/Chess.html (1954 words)

	Chinese Chess (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chaturanga was evidently played on a board identical to that used in modern Western chess, with the same configuration of pieces, although the moves of some were more limited.
		Chaturanga spread to the west through Persia and the Islamic world until it arrived in Europe in the Middle Ages.
		In chaturanga, the opening was very slow, as it could take many moves for the opposing armies to come into contact.
	www2.hkedcity.net /citizen_files/ab/ae/pk1981/public_html/link3.html (2330 words)

	Talk:Chaturanga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Was it ancestor of Shatranj or was Shatranj an ancestor of Chaturanga???
		The elephant went from moving one square diagonally or one forward to leaping exactly two sqares on the diagonal.
		An article on Chaturanga on chessvariants.com gives another rules for elephant movement: "The elephant moves two squares diagonally, but may jump the intervening square." Pritchard's Encyclopedia of Chess variants says the same.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Chaturanga (296 words)

	The History Of Chess (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chaturanga was flourishing in northwestern India by the 7th century and is regarded as the earliest precursor of modern chess because it had two key features found in all later chess variants--different pieces had different powers (unlike checkers and go), and victory was based on one piece, the king of modern chess.
		Also, the chaturanga piece called the elephant, which had been limited to a two-square diagonal jump in shatranj, became the bishop, more than doubling its range.
		Minor variations in other rules continued until the late 19th century; for example, it was not acceptable in many parts of Europe as late as the mid-19th century to promote a pawn to a queen if a player still had the original queen.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Engineering_Graphics/_EG2001/chess_set/history.html (3075 words)

	Yoga Journal : Poses - Use our search tools to find asanas by anatomical focus, therapeutic application, or ...
		Chaturanga Dandasana is the challenging yoga push-up frequently practiced as part of the traditional Sun Salutation sequence.
		Chaturanga Dandasana is one of the positions in the Sun Salutation sequence.
		The completed form of Chaturanga Dandasana is quite difficult to perform at first, until your arms, back, and legs are strong enough to support you.
	www.yogajournal.com /poses/469_1.cfm (704 words)

	Markland Medieval Mercenary Militia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The game mentioned was called chaturanga, a Sanskrit word referring to the four divisions of an Indian army (the elephant, cavalry, chariot, and infantry), from which come the four types of pieces in that game.
		Chaturanga is believed to have originated in India during the 6th century.
		After chaturanga had spread eastward through China, Korea and Japan, it was brought to Persia during the Islamic conquest (638-651 AD), changing it from chaturanga to shatranj, the Arabic form of the word.
	www.markland.org /chess.php (924 words)

	Front Porch Classics \| Coffee Table Games (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chaturanga is well recognized as the earliest form of chess.
		Played on an authentic cloth game surface by 2, 3 or 4 players, Chaturanga combines the basic strategy of chess with the dynamic challenge of chance as each move is determined by the random roll of wooden dice.
		Whether you are playing for treasure or fun, Chaturanga is a great game for the entire family.
	www.frontporchclassics.com /_classic/chatbook.php (133 words)

	Chaturanga
		Another strange aspect of 4-Handed Chaturanga has been put forward, again to assert his antiquity: the use of Ships instead of Chariots and their switched positions with the Elephants, here placed at the corners of the board.
		Mais le chaturanga à quatre était incontestablement le plus viel ancêtre pour le Capitaine Hiram Cox qui prétendit en 1801 que c'était le jeu d'échecs élémentaire et que le jeu à deux était une modification du jeu à quatre.
		Le fait que le Chaturanga à quatre utilise des dés a été souvent souligné pour prouver sa grande antiquité.
	history.chess.free.fr /chaturanga.htm (3351 words)

	Talk:Shatranj - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the article on Chaturanga says that Chaturanga is the direct ancestor of shatranj which was the form that brought chess to medieval Europe.
		I corrected this, mainstream theory (by Murray) is that Shatranj was Persian version of Indian game Chaturanga.
		Other theory, that Chaturanga didn't exist at all and all chess-related games originated from proto-Xiangi is not yet established/proved.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Shatranj (467 words)

	Ludoteka. Chaturanga
		It seems that Chaturanga cames from India, and the first references were made in the 4th century BC.
		The objective in Chaturanga is to checkmate the opponent king; but, unlike chess, the stalemated king gets the victory.
		Unlike chess, in chaturanga pawn doesn´t become the piece that the owner wants, it just become the kind of piece that occupied the same square at the start of the game.
	www.ludoteka.com /chaturanga-en.html (526 words)

	Chaturanga - TheBestLinks.com - Chess, Cavalry, Flank, Horse, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chaturanga - TheBestLinks.com - Chess, Cavalry, Flank, Horse,...
		Chaturanga, Chess, Cavalry, Flank, Horse, India, Infantry, Russia, Ship, Shogi...
		It is the direct ancestor of shatranj which was the form that brought chess to medieval Europe.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Chaturanga.html (397 words)

	Chess (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The origins of chaturanga are unknown, but it is possible that it came from an older Chinese game.
		Chaturanga later developed into the Islamic game, shatranj, which is closer related to modern chess.
		With the Moorish invasions of Spain, and the Islamic presence in Sicily shatranj was brought to Europe.
	faculty.smu.edu /bwheeler/Ency/chess.html (616 words)

	History of Chess - Earliest Chess Books and References
		The game itself was probably Chaturanga (not mentioned by Subandhu), the earliest precursor of modern chess.
		It was a text to honor Harshavardhana (Harsha), an emperor in northern India from 606 to 647.
		It was a German romantic poem written in Latin by a monk from the abbey in Tegernsee in Upper Bavaria.
	www.geocities.com /SiliconValley/Lab/7378/oldtexts.htm (2718 words)

	Chinese Chess (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The pawns in chaturanga were slow to come into contact with the enemy.
		Games of chaturanga that reached the endgame must often have ended in a draw, because the pawn only promoted to the weak queen.
		In addition, the king was given the extraordinary power of striking across the board like a rook against the opposing king, making it easier to checkmate with just a few pieces left on the board.
	www.mi-card.com /nwcs/reviewdonnelly.html (2666 words)

	Chaturanga Chess Softwrae Program-Mother of all War Games
		Chaturanga, played in India, in or before the 7th century A.D., is the oldest known form of chess.
		Easier to learn than chess, there are only eight pieces to each player, and play has been simplified by having no artificial additives such as castling or complex en passant rules.
		Chaturanga will run under Win 2000, ME, NT and XP.
	www.chesscentral.com /beyond_chess/chaturanga_chess_software.htm (255 words)

	Absolutely Ashtanga - Ashtanga Yoga Fourth Series Asana List and Photos - Advanced B series
		Exhale down into chaturanga on an and on to downdog.
		The exit is a float back to chaturanga on an exhale.
		Exhale back to chaturanga and through to sitting for the second side.
	www.absolutelyashtanga.com /yoga.html (2853 words)

	HISTORY
		Early history ancient chess pieces chess has been in existence since the 6th century AD, and although the rules and pieces have changed somewhat, the game has endured as a classic test of logic and concentration.
		Chaturanga spread eastward to china, and then trough Korea to Japan.
		The spread of Islam to Sicily and the invasion of Spain by the Moors brought Shatranj to Western Europe, and it reached Russian trough trade routes from several directions.
	www.wccusd.k12.ca.us /RHS/gool/history.htm (199 words)

	Blogger: Email Post to a Friend
		was really watching us in chaturanga tonight, and at some point she stopped us and asked a few students to demonstrate chaturanga, to point out the common mistakes.
		But I was to conclude that this one - chaturanga - is one that I do well, just because I got the gist of it.
		Maybe chaturanga is the pose I'm the proudest of...
	www.blogger.com /email-post.g?blogID=7100275&postID=110904041349614291 (412 words)

	YogaJournal.Com: Building Strength for Chaturanga
		Moving quickly into Chaturanga Dandasana (Four-Limbed Staff Pose), as in sun salutations, can punish the shoulders, possibly leading to injury.
		So until you have the strength to hold Chaturanga for a few breaths, I highly recommend that you practice it step by step rather than in the context of a sun salutation.
		Dandasana is translated as "staff" or "stick." When you make the rest of your body compact, it is easier for you to coordinate the shoulder and arm muscle strength.
	www.yogajournal.com /practice/869.cfm (590 words)

	Origins1
		The name Chaturanga, literally translated means "of four parts".
		A short time before it reached Persia; chaturanga changed from a gambling game with four players to a game of intelligence with only two players.
		It had two key features found in all later chess variants--different pieces had different powers (unlike checkers and go),and victory was based on one piece, the king of modern chess.
	www.angelfire.com /games/SBChess/Origins1.html (1413 words)

	Chaturanga for four players
		At least until the end of the 19th century, a variant of 4-handed Chaturanga was played in several parts of India.
		But it is sufficiently clear that chaturanga is the most likely predcessor of chess.
		Chess peices still bear a striking resemblance to the Chaturanga played in India, etc. Chaturanga must have had _some_ relation to the original chess, and may well be the original itself, Murray notwithstanding.
	www.chessvariants.com /historic.dir/chaturang4.html (2068 words)

	Chess as an exemplary game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Its roots were much older, possibly in the Vedic game of Chaturanga, which became Chatranj in Persian civilization.
		Chaturanga which scientists consider to be the oldest known form of
		Chaturanga to the court of Persia with an Indian embassy.
	www.maxwell.syr.edu /maxpages/faculty/jbennett/651S03/chess.html (240 words)

	Encyclopedia: Chaturanga
		Image File history File links This image is used in the standard chess diagram template.
		Shogi (å°†æ£‹; shÅgi) is one of a family of strategic board games of which chess and xiangqi are also members, which derive from the 6th century Indian game of chaturanga or a close relative thereof.
		Chaturanga is allegedly the direct ancestor of (Click link for more info and facts about shatranj) shatranj which was the form that brought chess to (Click link for more info and facts about medieval Europe) medieval Europe.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chaturanga (1441 words)

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