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Topic: Checked vowel

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	Casino Encyclopedia
		In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract, in contrast to consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract.
		Furthermore, in English some vowel sounds are represented by combinations of vowel letters, such as the ea in beat or by a vowel letter and an approximant letter, as the ow in how, or the er in her.
		Vowels are especially important to the structures of words in languages that have very few consonants (like Polynesian languages such as Maori and Hawaiian), and in languages whose inventory of vowels is larger than its inventory of consonants (like Sedang, a relative of Vietnamese, which contrasts 55 different vowel qualities).
	www.casinoencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Vowel (1937 words)

	Vowel encyclopedia and info, forum and guides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract where there is no build-up of air pressure above the glottis, in contrast to consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract.
		In tonal languages, in most cases the tone of a syllable is carried by the vowel, meaning that the relative pitch or the pitch contour that marks the tone is superimposed on the vowel.
		English has all three types: the vowel sound in hit is a monophthong [Éª], the vowel sound in boy is in most dialects a diphthong [É”Éª], and the vowel sounds of way [weÉª], flower ( BrE [aÊÉ] AmE [aÊÉ]) form a triphthong (dissylabic in the latter cases), although the particular qualities vary by dialect.
	montserrat.caribbean-forum.com /encyclopedia.php?title=Vowel (2458 words)

	Chekt Speling in Two Charts
		This "breakthru" notation is based on marking the checked vowels instead of marking extended (or free) vowels.
		Marking is required because English never augmented their inventory of vowel graphemes:There are 12 pure vowels but only 5 vowel letters.English orthography (TO) compounds the problem by using 3 of the same 5 lettersto indicate diphthongs: a=ei, o=ou, i=ai.
		Since the punctuation is always for the checked vowel, it is always followed by a consonant and thus unlikely to be confused with the end of a sentence or phrase.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /vangogh/555/Spell/chkt-spl.html (2993 words)

	map-IPA-quick start
		If a vowel occurs at the end of a word, it is by definition a free vowel and does not need to be distinguished from a checked vowel.
		English speakers are taught [1] that a long e is the vowel in [eel], [2] that a long [ i ] is the vowel sound in "ice", and [3] that the extended [ a ] is something close to the final vowel in [resumé].
		Checked vowels could be marked with a double consonant.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /vangogh/555/Spell/map-IPA-1.html (1665 words)

	sidc
		Central vowel A vowel where the highest point of the tongue is intermediate between front and back.
		Rhythmic clipping, where the presence of other syllables in the same rhythmic unit (foot) causes a vowel to be reduced in duration compared to a vowel where the syllable is not accompanied by other syllables in the rhythmic unit.
		A syllable where the vowel or other syllable nucleus is followed by one or more consonants, that is a syllable where the coda is not empty.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/johnm/sid/sidc.htm (2471 words)

	Optical Character Recognition
		After checking the euler number the areas of the letters are checked.
		The similarity is now measured as the number of pixels common in both the letter and the vowel minus the pixels which are not common in both.
		If the shapes match closely, a vowel is declared, or else moments are matched using Mahalanobis distance between the moments of the current letter and the stored moments of each vowel.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /~kwatra/computer_vision/ocr/OCR.html (912 words)

	CS7321 Winter "98, PS1, Solution by Jim Rowan
		By attaching a color map to this file and writing it out as a jpeg a rough coloring of the vowel in question was achieved in that some of the bits that were actually part of the vowel in question were left as 1 bits and therefore displayed as fl.
		The patch though to contain an "a" was checked to make certain that the lower part of the letter was connected back to the upright part of the letter closing the lower part of the "a".
		Additionally the "o" was checked to make certain that it was not attached to an upward stem (making it a "d" and not an "o") or a downward stem (making it a "p" and not an "o").
	www.cc.gatech.edu /classes/cs7321_98_winter/participants/jrowan/ps1 (1596 words)

	Introducing the SAMPA alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Also the vowels in “of” and “the” are the same, and resemble the last vowel in “phosphor” though, again, one wouldn’t know this from the spelling.
		Examples of checked vowels we have already looked at are A, E and I, the respective vowels of r a t, y e s and w i n.
		Where the vowel is followed by R, the R tongue movement is considered to blend so much with the tongue position of the preceding vowel, that the vowel itself is classed as R -colored.
	www.patternfinder.net /transcription_help.html (3738 words)

	JPlotFormants v1.4 User's Manual
		If there are vowels in memory, they will appear in the list at the top of the editing window.
		If more than 8 vowels must be plotted, the (n+8)th vowel is the same color as the nth vowel.
		If there are more than one vowel in memory, you can switch from one to another simply by clicking on the description of the vowel you want to edit in the list at the top of the editing window at any time.
	www.linguistics.ucla.edu /people/grads/billerey/PFrogMan.htm (919 words)

	File: <decode
		In the formation of Latin words, as many vowels as possible were retained, most words generally adhering to the VCVCV structure.
		However, in English, many more of the vowels disappeared and the CVC structure was promoted as shown in names (Bonner, Duncan, Hudson, Robson, Somner etc.) and in words (cellar, doctor, hawser, master, pillow, tartan etc.).
		In general, every consonant represents a full word, and the more consonants in a word or name, the longer the hidden sentence is and the more likely it is that it can be recovered.
	faculty.ucr.edu /~legneref/bronze/decode.htm (1683 words)

	Decoding English. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Note that each vowel after the first, optional vowel, the 'V' is repeated.
		However, in English, many more of the vowels disappeared and the CVC structure was promoted as shown in names (Bonner, Duncan, Hudson, Robson, Somner etc.) and, also in words (cellar, doctor, hawser, master, pillow, tartan etc.).
		Where the meaning of the word being translated from the VCV shorthand can be checked by context, it is important that it be checked again in completing the entire translation.
	www.highspeedplus.com /~edonon/decoding.htm (1837 words)

	5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The lack of long-short vowel distinction in Polish results in / i ù / being realised as a short vowel.
		Polish / i / is a higher vowel to English / i ù /, hence the raising marker ( £); additionally, the vowel in Polish forces the preceding consonant to palatalise, thus the palatal nasal [ ø ] instead of the alveolar / n /.
		The lack of long vowels in Polish results in / A ù / -> [ a ]; also the quality of the vowel is different, because [ A ] is not a phoneme in Polish.
	elex.amu.edu.pl /~krynicki/exam/answers/michalski.htm (878 words)

	[No title]
		A word may contain: (a) only back vowels (b) only front vowels, or (c) a mixture of front and neutral vowels, or back and neutral vowels.
		Vowel harmony makes a difference to case-endings, when they are to be added to words.
		We will consider how Accusative case is checked, and then see how the obligatory occurrence of Accusative case with the Russian Imperfective (a state of affairs which is the opposite to that which occurs in Finnish) can be accounted for.
	www.strings.ph.qmw.ac.uk /~thomas/Thesis/Abbreviations.doc (1425 words)

	Articles - Syllable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		In some theories of phonology, these syllable structures are displayed as tree diagrams (similar to the trees found in some types of syntax).
		The syllable nucleus is typically a sonorant, usually a vowel sound, in the form of a monophthong, diphthong, or triphthong, but sometimes including consonants like [l] and [r].
		Therefore, these vowels are also called checked vowels, as opposed to the tense vowels that are called free vowels because they can occur in open syllables.
	www.1-helmets.com /articles/Syllable (508 words)

	Spanglish
		To interpret a vowel letter in the Spanglish notation, you usually need to know its position in a word and if the word has more than one syllable.
		Checked means that the short vowel must be followed by a consonant.
		A free vowel in a free vowel position does not have to be marked with an e.
	www.foolswisdom.com /~sbett/spanglish.htm (3632 words)

	Fantasy Name Generator: Instructions
		For instance, a template could dictate that all names be a consonant followed by a vowel or vowel combination followed by a consonant or consonant combination.
		At generation time, random consonant combinations, random vowel combinations, and random syllables will be placed together according to the template to form each name.
		The consonants are a little more complicated, because the template distinguishes between consonant combinations that are appropriate for the beginning of names, like 'wh' and 'chr', and consonant combinations that are appropriate for the middle or ending of names, like 'nd' and 'ck'.
	www.rinkworks.com /namegen/instr.shtml (1225 words)

	Articles - Gemination (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		At the end of the 19th century, German phoneticians thought that a long consonant that follows a checked vowel would have two peaks of intensity, whereas other long consonants would have only one.
		However, consonants in English are often doubled in writing to indicate that the preceding vowel is 'short', as in "tapping" (from "tap"), which is distinct from "taping" (from "tape").
		That is, a short vowel must be followed by a long consonant (geminate), whereas a long vowel must be followed by a short consonant.
	www.sonicplayer.net /articles/Gemination (483 words)

	P335 Cognitive Psychology, Prof. Kruschke, Exam 4
		Certainly the A must be checked, because if there is an odd number on the other side, then the rule is violated.
		The other card that must be checked is the 3 (and many people find this difficult).
		For example, suppose the backside of the 3 had a letter E (a vowel).
	www.indiana.edu /~jkkteach/P335/exam4qa.html (3544 words)

	Dyslexia - Is the spelling system dyslexic?
		Saxon usually marked the short or checked vowel with a double consonant [tch, ck] but this practice was not extended to all the French and Latin loan words.
		The apostrophe could indicate an elision and mean that the vowel symbol has been left out or alternatively that the apostrophe is actually a schwa-postrophe: [h'r, h'rt, her hart 'go].
		It was possible for some countries, e.g., Spain, to do away with 3 vowels so that a referred solely to [ah] and not ambiguously to [ah or uh] and i referred solely to [ee] and not [ee and ih].
	www.unifon.org /dyslexia.html (6188 words)

	Spanglish - p. 1
		The great vowel shift took place around 1400 when the six long vowels began to change their values in a systematic way.
		This can be checked by counting the number of words in the dictionary that are spelled the same as they are in the pronunciation guide.
		Due primarily to the great vowel shift, Latin is not the dominant spelling pattern found in English and therefore not selected by Pitman for his ITA.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /vangogh/555/Spell/spanglish1.htm (4322 words)

	CCS or Checked Clipped Spelling in a nutshell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The six checked vowel must be followed by a consonant.
		To represent 13 pure vowel phonemes, 13 vowel letters are required.
		It is not a stretch for most people to deal with ambiguities such as checked and free vowel pronunciation.
	www.pnx.com /gator/CCS-nut.htm (536 words)

	Medieval Catalan Language & Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		Syllabic stress is related both to vowel length and consonantal context.
		The vowel is long by nature if it contains a long vowel: amIcum.
		Vowels in hiatus combine to form a diphthong.
	www.lib.berkeley.edu /~catalan/Assignments/week2.1_classnotes.html (115 words)

	Vowel Sounds
		Incorrect answers will be checked, and the number of correct answers displayed.
		The word eel begins with the long e vowel sound.
		The word elephant begins with the short e vowel sound.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~mbrilhan/webpic/vowelsounds.html (150 words)

	Mapping phonemic notations onto IPA
		In the initial position itis a consonant, in the medial position it indicates the /ai/ vowel sound, and in the terminal position it represents the /i:/ sound.
		The diphthongs or vowel blends are all represented with a single letter.
		While it is true that the most frequent representation of the long vowels in TO is with a single letter, using single letters doesn't always make for easy reading.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /vangogh/555/Spell/map-ipa-2.html (2789 words)

	[No title]
		Words ending in a vowel, or n or s, the next to last syllable is stressed.
		The vowels a, e, and o are "strong" vowels, and i and u are "weak".
		If the last letter is a vowel, stress the second to last syllable.
	www.june29.com /archive/bsvs/cosas1.html (1580 words)

	Quayle-Spell - A guide to invented spelling
		The final vowel in POTATO is a free vowel [not a short checked vowel].
		Only free vowels can occur at the end of a word in the English writing system so the only reason to mark the vowel would be to distinguish it from another free vowel.
		The vowel sounds were complicated by the fact that the writing system tries to represent 14 pure vowels with 5 letters.
	www.foolswisdom.com /~sbett/Quayle-Spell.htm (3832 words)

	Defining a diphone list (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		The basic idea is to define classes of diphones, for example: vowel consonant, consonant vowel, vowel vowel and consonant consonant.
		This problem is made difficult by the fact that the people you are recording will often be fluent or nearly fluent in English, and hence already have reasonably ability in phones that are not in their native language.
		To the degree that they are expected to appear, regardless of their status in the target language per se, foreign phones should be considered for the inventory.
	www.festvox.org /bsv/x2245.html (2038 words)

	File: <hideengl
		Moreover, to distinguish the language from Latin, the pronunciation of the alphabet changed.
		If the spelling of a name or word was changed over time, it becomes more difficult.
		From there the examples will be more complicated as more vowels are removed.
	faculty.ucr.edu /~legneref/bronze/hideengl.htm (1654 words)

	TV1 Phonetics
		BBC English Vowels from Peter Ladefoged's Vowels and Consonants
		General American English Vowels from Peter Ladefoged's Vowels and Consonants.
		Interactive IPA chart for vowels, by Peter Ladefoged (UCLA).
	www.let.uu.nl /~bert.schouten/personal/Engels/TV1/Pho_week4.htm (307 words)

	Vowel Synthesis Interface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-05)
		This interface allows you to synthesize non-nasalized monopthongal English vowels using the Klatt synthesizer.
		It provides control over vowel duration, voice pitch, and the first three formant frequencies.
		The default (checked) is RIFF sound data (larger file, higher fidelity).
	www.asel.udel.edu /speech/tutorials/synthesis/vowels.html (172 words)

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