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	Cheka
		Chek:a was the first Soviet state security organization.
		Cheka agents contacted emigrés in western Europe and pretended to be representatives of a large group working for the overthrow of the communist regime, known as "the Trust".
		At the end of the civil war, the Cheka was changed on February 8, 1922 into the GPU (State Political Directorate), a section of the NKVD (People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ve/Vecheka.html (250 words)

	The Cheka and the Institutionalization of Violence
		One of the main factors assisting Dzerzhinsky and the Cheka in the consolidation and expansion of their power was the relative lack of law in both tsarist and Communist Russia.
		The Cheka concentrates in its hands the entire work of intelligence, suppression and prevention of crimes, but the entire subsequent conduct of the investigation and the presentation of the case to the court is entrusted to the Investigatory Commission of the [Revolutionary] Tribunal.
		On June 20, 1919, the Bolshevik Party authorized the Cheka to execute "bandits" arbitrarily,(31) and the next year authorized them to "convict without appeal anyone guilty of armed assault, robbery, and banditry."(32) In 1921, the Cheka uncovered eighty leaders of a peasant army and executed them.
	www.faits-et-documents.com /bilan_communisme/cheka01.htm (2321 words)

	Lawful terror: The Cheka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		During his first year at the helm of the Cheka, he supported the uses of seizure of property, resettlement, deprivation of ration cards, publication of lists of enemies of the state and an impressive assortment of other measures.
		When Cheka agents attempted to arrest the irreverent clown during one of his performances, the audience thought the antics were part of the act.
		The Cheka did not devote all of its energies to the pursuit of enemies of the state.
	aia.lackland.af.mil /homepages/pa/spokesman/Mar02/heritage.cfm (1943 words)

	Cheka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Cheka constituted a state within a state and acted independently.
		It was notorious for its repressions in Ukraine in 1918–20, particularly in the cities during the retreat of the
		In 1920–2 the Cheka fought Ukrainian insurgents and terrorized the peasants.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/C/H/Cheka.htm (365 words)

	The Cheka during the Russian revolution
		The Cheka was there responsible for 'security in the provinces" while the Dept of the Interior, the NKVD was responsible for "rights and duties of the soviets".
		On the 11/12 Cheka and Lettish troops surrounded 26 Anarchist clubs in Moscow, in the insuing fighting Anarchists suffered 40 casualties and 500 were taken prisoner.
		He stressed that the Cheka had nether the mandate or the desire to wage war on ideological anarchists.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/talks/cheka.html (1844 words)

	Wikinfo \| Cheka
		Cheka: (ЧК in Russian) was the first Soviet state security organization.
		Perhaps the most spectacular success of the Cheka (GPU) was the Trust operation, 1924-1925.
		GPU agents contacted emigrés in western Europe and pretended to be representatives of a large group working for the overthrow of the communist regime, known as "the Trust".
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Vecheka (357 words)

	CHEKA @ Cold War Guide
		In spite of the period of Cheka (1917-22) this was included due to historical value and for better understanding of the Russian (Soviet) intelligence structures.
		Cheka was founded by V.I.Lenin on 20.12.1917 and F.E.Dzerzhinskiy became the chief.
		The Cheka was reorganized in 1922 and renamed GPU.
	www.cold-war.info /agency/cheka.html (248 words)

	INSIDE THE CHEKA BUILDING
		Cheka is an acronym derived from the initials of the Russian words for "extraordinary commision." The full title of this body, established in December 1917, is the "All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-revolution, Speculation, and Sabotage." Since this elaborate title might suggest a more respectable institution, the use of the Russian initials eliminates any doubt.
		One of the oldest names four the Cheka in Riga is "Stabu iela," the former name of the street on which the main entrance is located.
		Usually the accused are held in the Cheka's inner prison until the judgment is pronounced.
	vip.latnet.lv /LPRA/celmina/1.html (3548 words)

	Origins of the Cheka
		In reprisal for the assassination of the German ambassador, the Cheka executed 350 Social Revolutionaries and 512 hostages were shot by the Secret Police after the assassination attempt on Lenin.
		Perhaps the greatest crime committed by the Cheka during the Red Terror was its campaign of executions and starvation against the peasantry.
		The Cheka was officially abolished on February 6, 1922 and immediately replace with a new security organization called the State Political Administration or GRU (Gosudarstvennoe Politicheskoe Upravlenie).
	iaia.essortment.com /cheka_rvph.htm (834 words)

	First Chief Directorate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		December 19, 1918, Central Committee Bureau of the RKP(b) had decide to combine front formations of Cheka and the Military Control Units, with were control by the Military Revolutionary Committee, and responsible for counter-intelligence activates, in to one organ with was named Special Section (department) of Cheka.
		In the beginning of 1920, in Cheka's Special Section there was under section named War Information Bureau (WIB) it conduct political, military, scientific and technical intelligence in surrounding countries.
		The soviet defeat in the Polish-Bolshevik War, was the main reason for the formation of large independent intelligence department in Cheka structures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Chief_Directorate (2133 words)

	Cheka -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Established in 1954, the KGB was the most durable of a series of security agencies starting with the Cheka, which was established in December 1917 in the first days of the Bolshevik government.
		The Cheka (originally VCHEKA, an acronym derived from the Russian words for All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage) was charged with the...
		The KGB was established in 1954, but it had its origins in the Cheka, a secret police founded in 1917.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9022752?&query=cheka&ct= (471 words)

	News Updates — Giraffe Calf Born at Zoo
		Cheka, the 9-year-old mother, gave birth to a female calf at approximately 12:20 this afternoon.
		In 2001, Cheka's second calf was only a few weeks old when it died of spinal injuries.
		Cheka was born at the San Diego Wild Animal Park in January 1993 and came to Dickerson Park Zoo seven years ago.
	www.dickersonparkzoo.org /news/giraffe.htm (265 words)

	Europe-Asia Studies: Literacy and labour: the Russian literacy campaign within the trade unions, 1923-27
		Two factors motivated Cheka likbez and Glavpolitprosvet to begin their campaign with trade unions: illiteracy would be most easily overcome among the unions, and an industrialised state needed a literate work force.(4) Union members enjoyed relatively high literacy compared to non-union workers and the peasantry,(5) which still made up the majority of the Russian population.
		Cheka likbez considered that students who finished the initial three-month course were only 'semi-literate'.
		For instance, soon after Cheka likbez launched the new literacy effort, two textile factories in Vitebsk presented work plans to the union's provincial department indicating a low level of illiteracy which could be eradicated quickly.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3955/is_n8_v47/ai_18173705 (1029 words)

	(put title here)
		The local chekas were responsible for recruiting their own secret police force.
		The years of the Cheka were long and hard for the peasant and Chekist both.
		Cheka was not a new idea, nor would it be the last institution to implement these methods of
	www.angelfire.com /ma/crossedsabers/cheka.html (4613 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 5
		Cheka climbed the jumbled rocks and reached the place where she had seen the flash.
		A moment later Cheka stubbed her toe on a short metal rod attached to the limestone floor of the tunnel.
		Cheka and Chadus crept closer and hid in a patch of tall grass that bordered the beach.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~jameis/dread/chap.seven.html (5270 words)

	KAVKAZ CENTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Cheka were taking hundreds of hostages: wives of farmers during the farmers’ rebellions in Tambov Province of Russia.
		It is noticeable that terror was being portrayed by the Cheka of those bygone years as result of insurgence by the masses.
		The Cheka were admitting that they had to resort to mass-scale terror under the pressure from the working class.
	www.kavkazcenter.com /eng/article.php?id=2775 (1088 words)

	Degenerate Magazine \| Beria Degenerate Chapter Four: The Heart of a Chekist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Formed by Felix Dzerzhinsky in December 1917, the Cheka was Communism's boot in the face to aristocrats, democrats, priests and reticent peasants.
		The Cheka was abolished across the Soviet Union in 1922 by a new security force - with the exception of the Caucasus, where it remained in existence until July 1926.
		In 1926, when the Chekas of the Caucasus were finally dissolved, he became chief of the Georgian branch of its successor, the GPU (State Political Administration).
	www.diacritica.com /degenerate/9/beria4.html (1675 words)

	Speech At A Rally And Concert For The All-Russia Extraordinary Commission Staff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		It is not at all surprising to hear Cheka’s activities frequently attacked by friends as well as enemies.
		It is not a matter, of course, of Cheka’s personnel but the nature of its functions, which demand determined, swift and, above all, faithful action.
		Cheka is directly exercising the dictatorship of the proletariat, and in that respect its services are invaluable.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1918/nov/07b.htm (473 words)

	Lecture 7: The Aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution
		It was not simply a prison but rather a complex system of offices and departments responsible for administering the vast bureaucratic empire known as "state security." The CHEKA was ordered to act as the "revolutionary conscience," that is, it had to protect the revolution.
		Hated and feared by almost everyone, the CHEKA was deplorable because it introduced the concept of killing people not because of what they had done, but because of who they were or who they knew.
		Although the numbers killed by the CHEKA were relatively small compared to WWI or the Civil War, it is still difficult to accept the fact that hundreds of families simply disappeared.
	www.historyguide.org /europe/lecture7.html (4417 words)

	Paranoia, terror cost Soviet Union dearly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage or Cheka conducted a reign of terror that contributed significantly to the Bolsheviks gaining control of Russia.
		A central figure in the Cheka and one fundamentally important in its operation was Felix Dzerzhinsky.
		He had joined the Cheka in its early stages of development and later became Dzerzhinsky's first deputy chairman when the OGPU was founded in July 1923.
	aia.lackland.af.mil /homepages/pa/spokesman/Apr02/heritage.cfm (1618 words)

	Jacob Peters and Fedore Dzerzhinsky by Louise Bryant
		Pursuing the same devices, a few weeks back when Lenin forced the Cheka to be made subservient to the Department of Interior and Communications, the public looked upon this step as a real compromise and a definite move toward the abolition of the secret police.
		Certainly, the Cheka has played an important role in the revolution; it is no exaggeration to state that without the vigilance of the Extraordinary Commission, the Soviets would never have maintained themselves through numerous critical moments.
		The Cheka was really the beginning of law and order; it marked the beginning of the first government which showed real strength and purpose.
	www.marxists.org /archive/bryant/works/1923-mom/dzerzhin.htm (4449 words)

	CD Baby: CHEKA: Return the Favor (EP)
		With fragile, vulnerable vocals humming along a dusty rock-pop indie path, NYC-based Cheka debuts four chill-inducing songs worthy of attention.
		Cheka is the group name adopted by Louis Epstein, one of NYC's new rising stars.
		This eventually resulted in the debut Cheka EP, Return The Favor, the first release on Parreira's Brooklyn-based, new label General Assembly Music.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/cheka?cdbaby=5d9d76c8092f1df24ada97d14ac835cd (198 words)

	Demokratizatsiya: Russia: Death and Resurrection of the KGB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Cheka began with a rather modest goal: to suppress "former exploiters [who would number] fifty to a hundred financial magnates and bigwigs," and would quickly expand to "several hundred, at most several thousand, in the whole of Russia."2 The earliest summary executions were of criminal elements outside the Cheka's own ranks.
		The Cheka murdered citizens for the "crimes" of ordinary market activity (termed "speculation"), disrespect toward the Communist government, unauthorized public assembly, and violation of curfew.
		Ostensibly an instrument of the state, the Cheka was an organ of the Communist Party.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3996/is_200407/ai_n9409132 (1153 words)

	Cheka ciphers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Cheka - from the Russian abbreviation ЧК (pronounced che-ka) standing for Всероссийская Чрезвычайная Комиссия по борбе с контрреволюцией, саботажем и спекуляцией, or "All Russian Extraordinary Commission for combatting counterrevolution, sabotage and speculation" was founded on December 20th 1917 and the forerunner to KGB.
		OGPU, short for Обединенное Государственное Политическое Управление, or "United Government Political Administration" replaced the Cheka in the 1920-ies.
		On occasion, messages dealing with troop movements, crossing of rivers etc. have been intercepted, which may indicate that this cipher system is used by some of the army stations, or that the Cheka stations relay army traffic.
	hem.passagen.se /tan01/Arch/cheka.htm (401 words)

	Lenin and the First Communist Revolutions, V
		Censorship was quickly imposed, and it was up to the Cheka to confiscate the literature of dissident workers: "[O]n 17 November the Central Executive Committee passed a decree giving the bolsheviks control over all newsprint and wide powers of closing down newspapers critical of the regime..." (Leonard Shapiro, The Communist Party of the Soviet Union).
		The Cheka soon turned to "taking hostages"; i.e., arresting people who they guessed had anti-Bolshevik feelings, and shooting them if their demands were not met or their decrees disobeyed.
		While initially the Cheka was mainly concerned with crushing direct political threats to the regime, it soon began a desperate attempt to impose Lenin's half-baked economic policies on the country.
	www.gmu.edu /departments/economics/bcaplan/museum/his1e.htm (1088 words)

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