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Topic: Chelmno extermination camp

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	BAHOHP: Resources
		Established in 1940 as a concentration camp, it became an extermination camp in early 1942.
		Originally established in 1940 as a camp for Jewish forced labor, the Germans began construction of an extermination camp at Belzec on November 1, 1941, as part of Aktion Reinhard.
		A camp for men, opened in August 1938, near Linz in northern Austria, Mauthausen was classified by the SS as a camp of utmost severity.
	www.bahohp.org /resources/glossary.htm (2739 words)

	JEWISH GOMBIN (GABIN, POLAND, JEWISH GENEALOGY): CHELMNO
		The extermination camp at Chelmno was a typical death camp, i.e.
		The village of Chelmno (district of Kolo) is situated 14 km.
		Part II The aim of the Chelmno camp was the extermination of the Jews from the Warthegau, the part of Poland which consisted of the 1939 province (voivodship) of Poznania, almost the whole province of Lodz, and a part of the province of Warsaw, inhabited altogether by 4,546,000 People (including 450,000 Jews).
	weber.ucsd.edu /~lzamosc/gchelmno.html (3766 words)

	[No title]
		The Sobibor extermination camp was located near Sobibor village, in the eastern part of the Lublin district of Poland, close to the Chelm - Wlodawa railway line.
		An extermination camp established in late 1941 in the Warthegau region of Western Poland, 47 miles west of Lodz.
		The Extermination Camp in Treblinka was built in the spring of 1942 near an existing penal labor camp and covered an area of 17 hectares.
	lycos.cs.cmu.edu /info/extermination-camp.html (403 words)

	[No title]
		Chelmno was a Nazi extermination camp in Poland on the river Ner, 37 M (60 KM) from Lodz.
		Extermination ceased in late 1942 and early the next year the bodies were exhumed and cremated and the camp was closed.
		Sobibor extermination camp was built in March, 1942, in a forest near the village of Sobibór in eastern Poland, on the Bug River.
	www.mtsu.edu /~baustin/holocamp.html (4386 words)

	Holocaust Timeline: The Camps
		Camps were an essential part of the Nazis' systematic oppression and mass murder of Jews, political adversaries, and others considered socially and racially undesirable.
		The death camps proved to be a better, faster, less personal method for killing Jews, one that would spare the shooters, not the victims, emotional anguish.
		The total figure for the Jewish genocide, including shootings and the camps, was between 5.2 and 5.8 million, roughly half of Europe's Jewish population, the highest percentage of loss of any people in the war.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /holocaust/timeline/camps.htm (1176 words)

	Janusz Gulczynski: "Death Camp: Chelmno - upon - Ner", Summary
		After the arrival of several transports, the operation of the camp was again suspended and the Jews ceased being murdered on a large scale in Chelmno.
		A part of the camp's personnel and a group of the last 45 Jews, imprisoned in a granary near the palace ruins, and remained in the village.
		The camp's first commander was SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer Herbert Lange and later from March 1942 until the closing of the camp - Hauptsturmfuhrer Hans Johann Bothman, who was a commissioner in the crime department of the SS.
	www.zchor.org /CHELMSUM.HTM (733 words)

	Berga. Berga and Beyond. Civilian Prisoners. The Civilian Camp System \| PBS
		The largest such camp was Belzec (later an extermination camp), where thousands of Jews constructed fortifications and anti-tank ditches along the new German-Soviet border in occupied Poland.
		Between January and September of 1942, 70,000 Jews and 5,000 Roma were deported from the Lodz ghetto and sent to the Chelmno extermination camp.
		Chelmno was the first camp to employ poisonous gas as a means of mass execution.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/berga/beyond/civ_camp.html (806 words)

	Chelmno Extermination Camp (Poland)
		They took over a run-down castle in Chelmno and converted it into their base camp with barracks and a reception area for deportees.
		Chelmno camp was wound up and the schloss actually demolished.
		Chelmno: photo of Jews taken just before their being sent to the gas chamber.
	www.jewishgen.org /ForgottenCamps/Camps/ChelmnoEng.html (881 words)

	Chelmno extermination camp
		The Chelmno extermination camp was a Nazi German extermination camp that was situated 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Lódz near a small village called Chelmno nad Nerem (Kulmhof an der Nehr, in German), in Greater Poland (which was, in 1939, annexed and incorporated into Germany under the name of Reichsgau Wartheland).
		It was the first extermination camp, opened in 1941 to kill the Jews of the Lódz Ghetto and the Warthegau; it was the first camp to use poison gas.
		At least 152,000 people were killed in the camp, mainly Jews from the Lódz Ghetto and the surrounding area, along with Gypsies from Greater Poland and some Hungarian Jews, Poles, Czechs and Soviet prisoners of war.
	libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Chelmno_concentration_camp.html (499 words)

	The Extermination Camp at Chelmno (Kulmhof). Central Commission for the Investigation of German Crimes in Poland. 1946
		The extermination camp at Chelmno was a typical death camp, i.
		The aim of the Chelmno camp was the extermination of the Jews from the Warthegau, i.
		The auto transports came directly to Chelmno] whence their baggage was dispatched straight to Chelmno, while they themselves were taken under an escort of 6-8 gendarmes to the neighbouring village of Zawadki, and left for the night in a large mill building.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/gcpol8.htm (3619 words)

	Chelmno/Kulmhof (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The camp consisted of the commander's mansion near Chelmno village, and of the "forest camp" five kilometres away.
		When the ghetto in Lodz/Litzmannstadt was finally wound up, Chelmno camp functioned again for three weeks in 1944.
		Chelmno extermination centre served among other things for the murder of Jews deported to Lodz ghetto.
	www.doew.at /projekte/holocaust/shoahengl/chelmno.html (309 words)

	The Chelmno Extermination Camp
		Chelmno was established to kill Jews from the Lodz ghetto and other towns in the administrative unit called Warthegau.
		Chelmno was by the Powiercie station The Jews were shipped on trains from the Kolo junction to the Powiercie station.
		The camp closed down for a little while, but started up again in June 1944 since there were more Jews to kill.
	www.kawvalley.k12.ks.us /schools/rjh/marneyg/03_holocaust-projects/03_loehr_chelmno.htm (487 words)

	Germany During WWII pt.2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Mauthausen: A camp for men, opened in August 1938, near Linz in northern Austria, Mauthausen was classified by the SS as a camp of utmost severity.
		When the deportations from central Europe to the extermination camps began in the spring of 1942, certain groups were initially excluded: invalids; partners in a mixed marriage, and their children; and prominent Jews with special connections.
		Terezin, however, was only a station on the road to the extermination camps; about 88,000 were deported to their deaths in the East.
	www.geocities.com /frenzied420/GII.html (2205 words)

	Chelmno, one of six Nazi extermination centers in Poland
		The village of Chelmno, in the district of Kolo, is situated 8 M (14 KM) from the town of Kolo.
		The camp was used for the mass murder of Jews who lived in the Western Polish provinces which had been annexed by the Third Reich.
		The secret of Chelmno was kept well hidden because during German occupation only very few people in Poland and abroad ever knew of its existence or were aware of the hundreds of thousands of victims it claimed.
	www.cympm.com /chelmno.html (821 words)

	Extermination Camps in Poland - Map (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Extermination camps were killing centers designed to carry out genocide.
		The overwhelming majority of the victims of the extermination camps were Jews.
		An estimated 3.5 million Jews were killed in these six extermination camps as part of the "Final Solution." Other victims included Roma (Gypsies) and Soviet prisoners of war.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Holocaust/extcamps.html (105 words)

	Sobibor, one of six Nazi extermination centers in Poland
		In Camp I, called the SS Vorlager, were the SS administration building and housing, and the workshops of the Jewish command.
		Camp II was the reception area but the real extermination site was referred to as Camp III.
		The camps had to be located near main railway lines since victims were to be transported by rail.
	www.cympm.com /sobibor.html (1514 words)

	Chełmno extermination camp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Chełmno extermination camp was a Nazi German extermination camp that was situated 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Łódź near a small village called Chełmno nad Nerem (Kulmhof an der Nehr, in German), in Greater Poland (which was, in 1939, annexed and incorporated into Germany under the name of Reichsgau Wartheland).
		It was the first extermination camp, opened in 1941 to kill the Jews of the Łódź Ghetto and the Warthegau; it was the first camp to use poison gas.
		At least 152,000 people were killed in the camp, mainly Jews from the Łódź Ghetto and the surrounding area, along with Gypsies from Greater Poland and some Hungarian Jews, Poles, Czechs and Soviet prisoners of war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chelmno_concentration_camp (552 words)

	The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies
		The Nazis began by using mass shootings, then used gassing trucks (in the first extermination camp, Chelmno) and ended up by constructing large industrialised facilities of mass destruction as in Auschwitz-Birkenau, where the highly effective Zyklon B gas was used.
		In the extermination camps at Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka exhaust fumes were used, while Zyklon B was used in Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau.
		At least 3 million Jews were killed in the extermination camps that had been constructed with the single purpose of killing Jews as effectively, quickly and secretly as possible.
	www.holocaust-education.dk /holocaust/massedrapsmetoder.asp (488 words)

	Camp d'extermination de Chelmno (Pologne) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Le camp commença ses activités le 7 décembre 1941 et s'arrêta en mars 1943.
		Ils s'installèrent dans un château à Chelmno et le convertirent en camp de base comprenant des baraques et les installations d'"accueil" pour les déportés.
		Chelmno: Des déportés juifs peu avant leur gasage.
	www.jewishgen.org /ForgottenCamps/Camps/ChelmnoFr.html (1003 words)

	Testimonies of SS-Men Regarding Gassing Vans
		He explained that we had been dedicated to the Kulmhof [Chelmno] extermination camp as guards and added that in this camp the plague boils of humanity, the Jews, were exterminated.
		The extermination camp was made up of the so-called "castle" and the camp in the woods.
		Once this had taken place, the union between the exhaust and the inside of the lorry was disconnected and the van was driven to the camp in the woods were the bodies were unloaded.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /holocaust/timeline/DocGasT.htm (1150 words)

	Shofar FTP Archives: camps/chelmno/polish-central-commission-report
		Central Commision for Investigation of German Crimes in Poland GERMAN CRIMES IN POLAND (Warsaw, 1946, 1947) Extermination Camp Chelmno (Kulmhof) Part I The extermination camp at Chelmno was a typical death camp, i.e.
		Part V The number of people killed at Chelmno could not be calculated from reliable data or railway records as the camp authorities destroyed all the evidence.
		Part VIII The final activities of the camp at Chelmno in 1944 differ from those of 1941-1943 in this, that the victims were brought from Kolo by a local branch railway line direct to Chelmno, where they were left for the night in the church, and the next day were taken directly to Rzuchow wood.
	www.nizkor.org /ftp.py?camps/chelmno/polish-central-commission-report (3669 words)

	Scotland on Sunday - Mementoes' witness to forgotten death camp
		Unlike the notorious camps of Auschwitz, Dachau or Birkenau, Chelmno was not a concentration camp where prisoners were kept alive to carry out slave labour.
		What has been found in the blood-stained soil of Chelmno is proof of the slaughter, of the fact that people from all walks of life were brought here to die.
		The Chelmno camp was initially designed to serve as a centre for the extermination of the Jews in the Lodz ghetto and the Warthegau region, which had been annexed to the Third Reich.
	scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com /index.cfm?id=227582003 (1185 words)

	Chelmno (Kulmhof)
		The camp began operations on December 7, 1942, and ended operations on March 1943.
		Chelmno, also known as Kulmhof, was a small town roughly 50 miles from the city of Lodz.
		Lange's unit comprised 15-20 men of the SIPO and about 80-100 men of the "Schutzpolizei." They took over a run-down castle in Chelmno and converted it into their base camp with barracks and a reception area for deportees.
	www.us-israel.org /jsource/Holocaust/Chelmno.html (857 words)

	Facts about the Lodz Ghetto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the first stage, deportations were to Forced Labor camps outside the ghetto, and from there the Jews were sent on to extermination camps.
		Jewish deportees from the Lodz ghetto who are being taken to the Chelmno death camp, are transferred from a closed passenger train to a train of open cars at the Kolo train station.
		On June 23, the deportations to Chelmno were resumed, on the pretext that they were forced labor transports to Germany.
	www.fatherryan.org /holocaust/lodz/Ghettofa.htm (1352 words)

	GJHGS - Chelmno - Excerpt from German Crimes in Poland
		The aim of the Chelmno camp was the extermination of the Jews from the Warthegau, the part of Poland which consisted of the 1939 province (voivodship) of Poznania, almost the whole province of Lodz, and a part of the province of Warsaw, inhabited altogether by 4,546,000 People (including 450,000 Jews).
		whence their baggage was dispatched straight to Chelmno, while they themselves were taken under an escort of 6 to 8 gendarmes to the neighbouring village of Zawadki, and left for the night in a large mill building.
		In Rzuchow wood, 4 km (2 1/2 miles) from Chelmno, the camp authorities enclosed two sections and posted sentries on the adjoining roads.
	www.gombin.org /history/german_crimes.html (3651 words)

	The History Place - Holocaust Timeline
		The camp is fitted with two buildings containing 10 gas chambers, each holding 200 persons.
		The camp will be reactivated in the spring of 1944 to liquidate ghettos.
		All traces of the death camp are then removed and trees are planted.
	www.historyplace.com /worldwar2/holocaust (4366 words)

	Let's Stop The Hate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Holocaust was the extermination of people not for who they were but for what they were.
		Roma (Gypsies) and the handicapped were seen as a serious biological threat to the purity of the "German (Aryan) Race" and therefore had to be "exterminated." The Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals and Free Masons were persecuted, imprisoned and often killed on political and behavioral grounds.
		All Jews still in concentration camps in germany are sent to death camp at Auschwitz.
	www.funny-lady.com /holocaust.html (1389 words)

	Treblinka extermination camp - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		From camp one there was an uphill path (cynically called Himmelstraße—the Road to Heaven—by the SS) lined with barbed wire fences—der Schlauch, "the tube"—which led directly into the gas chambers building.
		At the very beginning, people were buried in mass graves or piled up in camp II because the workers did not have time to bury them.
		The camp was operated by 20–25 SS (Germans and Austrians) and 80–120 Ukrainian guards.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Treblinka_extermination_camp (2415 words)

	Chelmno extermination camp biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Chełmno concentration camp was a Nazi extermination camp that was situated 70 km from Łódź near a small village Chełmno nad Nerem (Kulmhof an der Nehr, in German), in Greater Poland (which was, in 1939, annexed and incorporated into Germany under the name of Reichsgau Wartheland).
		In spring 1944 it was reestablished and closed down again in fall 1944.
		It is estimated that 360,000 people were killed in the camp, mainly Jews and Gypsies from Greater Poland and Łódź Ghetto, and some Hungarian Jews, Poles, Czechs and Soviet prisoners of war.
	www.biography.ms /Chelmno_concentration_camp.html (140 words)

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