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Topic: Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act

	Inside the DEA, DEA Programs, Diversion Control
		Diversion cases involve, but are not limited to, physicians who sell prescriptions to drug dealers or abusers, pharmacists who falsify records and subsequently sell the drugs, employees who steal from inventory and falsify orders to cover illicit sales, prescription forgers, and individuals who commit armed robbery of pharmacies and drug distributors.
		The Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988 extended the concept of commodity control to those chemicals most often used for the manufacture and synthesis of drugs of abuse.
		In 1993 domestic chemical control was strengthened with enactment of the Domestic Chemical Diversion Control Act, which added a registration requirement for List I chemical handlers, and removed exemptions in order to prevent diversion of methamphetamine precursor chemicals.
	www.usdoj.gov /dea/programs/diversion.htm (589 words)

	[No title]
		When the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act imposed controls upon the import, export and distribution of bulk ephedrine powder, drug traffickers switched to the diversion of ephedrine from international commerce and the use of ephedrine tablets, which were exempt under the law.
		Traffickers had quickly realized that noncontrolled ephedrine tablets could easily be purchased in large quantities for conversion to methamphetamine.
		With the knowledge of the massive scale of ephedrine diversion, and subsequently pseudoephedrine diversion, that was occurring, diplomatic efforts were swiftly undertaken with the exporting and transit countries involved.
	www.erowid.org /archive/rhodium/chemistry/dojmeth3.txt (4412 words)

	Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988 was an amendment to the Controlled Substances Act to regulate precursor chemicals, essential chemicals, tableting machines, and encapsulating machines by imposing record keeping and import/export reporting requirements on transactions involving these materials.
		Prior to these restrictions being put in place, the U.S. had been the primary source of chemicals used in South American cocaine manufacture.
		This page was last modified 00:25, 18 December 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chemical_Diversion_and_Trafficking_Act (105 words)

	DEA - Publications - Methamphetamine Situation - Chemical Diversion
		Acquisition of chemicals is a vital and readily identifiable component of the illicit trafficking cycle.
		Traffickers and clandestine laboratory operators quickly discovered the ease with which ephedrine tablets could be converted to methamphetamine and began to take advantage of this loophole in the law.
		Traffickers had quickly realized that non-controlled ephedrine tablets could be purchased easily in large quantities for subsequent conversion to methamphetamine.
	www.fas.org /irp/agency/doj/dea/product/meth/diversion.htm (1198 words)

	DEA Briefs & Background, Drugs and Drug Abuse, Drug Descriptions, U.S. Chemical Control
		DEA chemical control was initiated in the United States with the passage of the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988 (CDTA) that became effective on August 1, 1989.
		The legislation was the Domestic Chemical Diversion and Control Act of 1993 (DCDCA) that became effective on April 16, 1994.
		The DEA has embraced chemical control as an important tool in reducing the availability of clandestinely produced drugs and is committed to depriving drug traffickers of the chemicals needed to manufacture illicit drugs.
	www.usdoj.gov /dea/concern/chemical_control.html (1080 words)

	RCMP Criminal Intelligence Program - Chemical Diversion and Synthetic Drug Manufacture
		The RCMP National Chemical Precursor Diversion Program has had success with voluntary reporting and cooperation from the domestic chemical industry, however, legal controls are required to enable law enforcement to effectively investigate chemical diversion and clandestine laboratory activities in Canada.
		Chemical company distributors are not the sole sources for precursor and other chemicals used to synthesize illicit drugs.
		Thus, within a decade of the birth of the precursor and essential chemical diversion control concept, the legal framework for a concerted international control effort was firmly established.
	www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca /crimint/chemical_e.htm (7354 words)

	International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, March 1996: Chemical Controls
		Chemical control is complicated by the nature of the chemicals involved and, in many cases, their availability from many sources.
		Although coca and opium refining requires significant quantities of essential chemicals, as with precursor chemicals, this is a small percentage of the vast international commerce in essential chemicals.
		Because of the important role drug-manufacturing countries have in narcotics chemical control, a separate section summarizes the status in countries relying on chemical diversion for the significant manufacture of cocaine and heroin.
	www.hri.org /docs/USSD-INCSR/95/ChemicalControls (2165 words)

	International Narcotics Control Strategy Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-02)
		Chemical diversion control is most effective when it is exercised prior to the shipment.
		Outlook The adoption of chemical control regimes by major chemical producing and transit countries, as well as the cocaine producing countries of Latin America, is providing the legal framework to stem chemical diversion to cocaine producing regions.
		Diversion from this industry is the primary source of chemicals used in the manufacture of Mexican heroin.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/law/INC/1993/07.html (6808 words)

	LSD - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is commonly produced from lysergic acid, which is made from ergotamine, a substance derived from the ergot fungus on rye, or from ergine (lysergic acid amide), a chemical found in morning glory and hawaiian baby woodrose seeds.
		Ergotamine tartrate, a precursor to lysergic acid, is regulated under the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act.
		LSD manufacturers and traffickers can be categorized into two groups: A few large scale producers, such as the aforementioned Pickard and Apperson, and an equally limited number of small, clandestine chemists, consisting of independent producers who, operating on a comparatively limited scale, can be found throughout the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/LSD (6605 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Implementation of the Domestic Chemical Diversion Control Act of 1993 (Pub. L. 103-200) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-02)
		Introduction The Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988, (PL 100-690) (CDTA) was passed by Congress to control the diversion of certain chemicals (hereinafter referred to as listed chemicals) that are necessary for the illicit manufacture of drugs such as heroin, cocaine, methamphetamine and LSD.
		The CDTA and its implementing regulations, as set forth in Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR), parts 1310 and 1313, established a system of recordkeeping and reporting requirements through which DEA and the chemical industry could identify persons seeking to divert listed chemicals for the manufacture of illicit drugs.
		A registration to manufacture, distribute, import or export List I chemicals is a benefit under Circular A-25, in that it allows the registrant to engage in certain activities while a member of the general public may not.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-GENERAL/1994/October/Day-13/pr-18.html (3927 words)

	Drugs of Abuse Publication, Chapter 2
		For example, although cocaine is produced naturally in the coca plant, large amounts of chemicals are needed to successfully extract the drug and process it for the illicit market.
		The CDTA regulated 12 precursor chemicals, eight essential chemicals, tableting machines, and encapsulating machines by imposing record keeping and import/export reporting requirements on transactions involving these materials.
		Ready access to chemical supplies is critical to drug traffickers while they continuously look for loopholes in legislation and new methods of clandestine production routes in order to continue their illegal activity.
	www.dea.gov /pubs/abuse/2-chem.htm (1157 words)

	Erowid Psychoactive Vault : DEA Federal Register
		The CDTA imposes reporting, recordkeeping and notification requirements for regulated transactions which meet or exceed these threshold amounts of a listed chemical.
		Current evidence shows that the threshold for ephedrine of 1.0 kilogram is not adequate to prevent the diversion of ephedrine to clandestine laboratory operators in the United States.
		Such language makes it clear that the normal case would be that listed chemicals would not have a threshold unless the Attorney General decides that a threshold is warranted and that the Attorney General may remove the threshold from chemicals already listed.
	www.erowid.org /freedom/law/federal_register/59.FR.51365.shtml (2530 words)

	MethLab
		In 1988 Congress passed the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988(Public Law 100-690) which substantially restricted activities involving chemicals used in the production of controlled substances.
		The Domestic Chemical Diversion Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-200) limited transactions involving ephedrine even if the ephedrine was contained in a drug being marketed legally under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act.
		In 1996 the Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996 (Public Law 104-237) posed new restrictions on pseudoephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, iodine and hydrochloric gas while increasing the penalties for violations involving restricted chemicals.
	www.state.wv.us /swmb/MethLabLegislation.htm (203 words)

	UNODC - E/NL. 1989/27: Money Laundering Prosecution Improvement
		This subtitle may be cited as the "Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988".
		A record under this subsection shall be retrievable and shall include the date of the regulated transaction, the identity of each party to the regulated transaction, a statement of the quantity and form of the listed chemical, a description of the tableting machine or encapsulating machine, and a description of the method of transfer.
		(1) imports or exports a listed chemical with intent to manufacture a controlled substance in violation of this title or, in the case of an exportation, in violation of the law of the country to which the chemical is exported; or
	www.unodc.org /unodc/en/legal_library/us/legal_library_1990-06-21_1989-27.html (2859 words)

	Amer Med Assoc v. Reno Janet
		These fees are to be deposited in a separate "Diversion Control Fee Account" and refunded to the DEA "in accordance with estimates made in the budget request of the Attorney General for" each fiscal year.
		In response to the charge that it had inadequately explained how it arrived at the increased fee figures, the DEA pointed to the Attorney General's budget request: "[t]he legislation specifically mandates that the amount to be recovered shall be in accordance with estimates made in the budget request of the Attorney General.
		On appeal, the AMA argues that the DEA was obliged to provide (1) a breakdown of the components of the diversion control program and (2) an explanation of the grounds on which it concluded that each component is properly deemed part of the diversion control program.
	www.ll.georgetown.edu /federal/judicial/dc/opinions/94opinions/94-5232a.html (2543 words)

	LSD - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-02)
		LSD commonly is produced from lysergic acid, which is made from ergotamine tartrate, a substance derived from an ergot fungus on rye, or from lysergic acid amide, a chemical found in morning glory seeds.
		Lysergic acid and lysergic acid amide, LSD precursors, are both classified in Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act.
		The first group, located in northern California, is composed of chemists (commonly referred to as 'cooks') and traffickers who work together in close association; typically, they are major producers capable of distributing LSD nationwide.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/LSD (3131 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-02)
		By not establishing a threshold for a listed chemical, all regulated transactions regardless of size are subject to CDTA reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
		Current evidence indicates that the threshold for ephedrine of 1.0 kilogram is not adequate to prevent the diversion of ephedrine to clandestine laboratory operators.
		The purchase of regulated chemicals from several suppliers in quantities below established thresholds is a common method of diversion and continues to occur with ephedrine.
	paranoia.lycaeum.org /stimulants/ephedrine.ban (1540 words)

	[No title]
		The Controlled Substances Act classifies drugs into one of five schedules according to their medical use, their potential for abuse, and their safety or dependence liability.
		The Domestic Chemical Diversion Control Act of 1993 instituted DEA registration requirement of all importers, exporters, and distributors of most important chemicals used in the manufacture of controlled substances.
		This act broadens controls on listed chemicals used in production of meth, increases penalties for trafficking and manufacture of meth and listed chemicals, and expands controls to include the distribution of lawfully marketed drug products that contain the listed chemicals ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine.
	www.montana.edu /wwwai/imsd/rezmeth/legal.htm (825 words)

	H
		Directs the Secretary of HHS, acting through the Director of the Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, to make grants to establish projects for drug and alcohol abuse prevention, education, and treatment with respect to pregnant and postpartum women and their infants.
		Amends the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 to extend the deadline by which the Secretary of HHS must report to the Congress on the extent to which drug abuse treatment is covered by private insurance, public programs, and other payors.
		Subjects all listed precursor and essential chemicals, drug manufacturing equipment, tableting and encapsulating machines, and gelatin capsules that have been imported, exported, manufactured, possessed, or distributed in violation of such Act (as well as all conveyances and equipment) to forfeiture to the United States.
	www.health.org /workplace/fedmanagers/d100query.aspx (9988 words)

	Chemical Handler's Manual: A Guide to Chemical Control Regulations
		The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is pleased to provide the Chemical Handler's Manual to assist you in understanding the provisions of the chemical control laws and their implementing regulations.
		These laws, including the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988, the Domestic Chemical Diversion Control Act of 1993, the Comprehensive Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996, and the Methamphetamine Anti-Proliferation Act (part of the Children's Health Act of 2000) amend the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 (CSA).
		Drug traffickers, motivated by the desire for profit, are eager to divert chemicals from legitimate commerce to manufacture illicit controlled substances.
	www.criminaljustice.org /public.nsf/984e6e47e99458c085256c6a006b7ebf/63fc1ca9b14691bc85256d75004f7fdf?OpenDocument (258 words)

	LSD Encyclopedia Articles @ InnerMan.com (Inner Man) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-02)
		It was first synthesized in 1938 by Swiss chemist Dr. Its psychedelic properties were unknown until 5 years later, when Hofmann, acting on what he has called a "peculiar presentiment," returned to work on the chemical.
		For example, 25 kg of ergotamine tartrate can produce 5 or 6 kg of pure LSD crystal that, under ideal circumstances, could be processed into 100 million dosage units, assuming a typical "hit" of 125 μg.
		DEA identified continued tours by the psychedelic rock band The Grateful Dead and the then-burgeoning rave scene as primary venues for LSD trafficking and consumption.
	www.innerman.com /encyclopedia/LSD (4824 words)

	Subject CHEMICAL INDUSTRY - COCAINE CONNECTION Written 430 pm Feb 25, 1991 by christic in
		The process requires a number of so-called precursor chemicals that are also used for hundreds of legitimate products (which is the implausible defense used by the chemical industry).
		There ought to be a law, and there is, sort of: the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act, which was signed by Ronald Reagan in November 1988.
		The act went into effect in February 1990 after two years of hearings and significant input from the chemical industry.
	www.skepticfiles.org /socialis/cokechem.htm (472 words)

	Kentucky: In The News
		America’s war on drugs has taken many over-the-counter drugs that were once commonly found in household medicine cabinets off the public market due to their role in drug making.
		The Methamphetamine Control Act of 1996 removed or limited the sale of many over-the-counter cold and asthma medicines containing ephedrine or pseudoephedrine at drug stores because of their use in methamphetamine production.
		These medicines were soon added to a target list in the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act.
	www.mpp.org /KY/news/4355.mpp (656 words)

	DEA - Employment Opportunities - Diversion Investigator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-02)
		DEA Diversion Investigators, under the authority of the Controlled Substances Act and the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act, investigate diversion of controlled drugs and chemicals from legitimate channels.
		DEA Diversion Investigators are hired through several methods.
		In addition, candidates that meet basic qualifications and are eligible for Veteran Readjustment Appointments, should contact the Office of Diversion Control, Personnel and General Services Unit for more information.
	permanent.access.gpo.gov /lps9890/lps9890/www.usdoj.gov/dea/job/diversion/diversion.htm (413 words)

	DEA Controlled Substances: Precursor Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-02)
		The Federal Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988 was enacted to control the manufacture, distribution, export and import of certain chemicals used in the manufacture of controlled substances.
		describes the chemicals regulated by the Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act.
		If you notice that these chemicals are being ordered or used in unusually high quantities, or unusual applications, please contact EHandS or Public Safety.
	bfa.sdsu.edu /ehs/deaprecurs.htm (128 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Drug trafficking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-02)
		The Royal Commission into Drug Trafficking (2001 - 2003) (1977-1980) investigated drug trafficking in New South Wales, especially links between the Mafia and New South Wales Police and the disappearance of investigative journalist Donald Mackay.
		Royal Commission of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking, ("Stewart Royal Commission"), (1980-1983)
		The Royal Commission of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking (1980-1983) was also known as the "Stewart Royal Commission".
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Drug_trafficking (131 words)

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