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Topic: Chemical Weapons Convention

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	Chemical Weapons Convention - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The convention is administered by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), which conducts inspection of military and industrial plants in all of the member nations as well as working with stockpile countries.
		Several countries that are not members are suspected of having chemical weapons, especially Syria and North Korea while some member states (including Sudan and China) have been accused by others of failing to disclose their stockpiles.
		Over 80% of the chemical weapons destroyed in the world since the treaty came into force were destroyed in the U.S. Russia completed Phase I and received extensions on the remaining phases.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chemical_Weapons_Convention (551 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Schedule Three chemicals are any chemicals that have many legitimate uses separate from their effectiveness as a weapon and as such are produced in large quantities for commercial purposes.
		These weapons have proven useful on the battlefield and are easier to develop than nuclear or biological weapons so smaller countries continue to show an interest in their development.
		Frequently, states are motivated to produce chemical weapons in response to the stockpile of a rival or to threaten their weaker neighbors.
	www.webcom.com /ipa/CWC.htm (630 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Chemical weapons, including old chemical weapons, abandoned by a State after 1 January 1925 on the territory of another State without the consent of the latter.
		Each State Party shall provide access to any chemical weapons destruction facilities and their storage areas, that it owns or possesses, or that are located in any place under its jurisdiction or control, for the purpose of systematic verification through on-site inspection and monitoring with on-site instruments.
		Disputes that may arise concerning the application or the interpretation of this Convention shall be settled in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Convention and in conformity with the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations.
	cwx.prenhall.com /bookbind/pubbooks/burns8/medialib/docs/cwc.htm (11694 words)

	WMD 411: Organizations & Regimes
		Session of Executive Council during which it discussed plans of destroying chemical weapons in various countries and carrying out inspections along with the procedure for the payment by OPCW members of their annual contributions to the budget of this organization and a number of important organizational questions.
		The CWC is among the 25 multilateral treaties identified by the UNSG as core treaties for the new millennium.
		To prevent the proliferation of chemical weapons, a stringent industrial verification regime had been put in place, involving inspections of facilities that produce or consume "dual-use" chemicals that could be used for both peaceful purposes and to create chemical weapons.
	www.nti.org /f_wmd411/cwc.html (2267 words)

	CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION
		The Convention is the first disarmament agreement negotiated within a multilateral framework that provides for the elimination of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction.
		The Convention was opened for signature on 13 January 1993 in Paris by the Secretary-General of the United Nations with 130 States signing the Convention.
		The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) was established in The Hague and is responsible for the implementation of the Convention.
	www.un.org /Depts/dda/WMD/cwc (391 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention
		Although five to six-dozen different chemicals have been produced for CW purposes during this century, only a handful is considered to be relevant because of the practicality for safe storage of the chemicals as well as for their effective usage on the battlefield.
		Chemicals used for smoke screens may be poisonous if used in sufficiently high quantities, but are not classified as CW agents because their primary purpose is for generating a vision barrier and not to poison.
		Now that Russia has ratified the CWC and prepares for the destruction of their weapons and related materials, Green Cross Russia believes that public education and participation are integral essential parts of the process for introducing new technologies for environmentally safe methods of destroying or neutralizing chemical weapons.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/cc/Mager.html (6263 words)

	Arms Control Association: Fact Sheets: The Chemical Weapons Convention at a Glance
		The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is a multilateral treaty that bans chemical weapons and requires their destruction within a specified period of time.
		The CWC is implemented by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), which is headquartered in The Hague with about 500 employees.
		Schedule 3 chemicals are usually produced in large quantities for purposes not prohibited by the CWC but still pose a risk to the convention.
	www.armscontrol.org /factsheets/cwcglance.asp (1196 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention
		Chemical warfare chemicals (also known as CW agents) includes toxic chemicals and their precursors that often have legitimate commercial uses.
		The international Chemical Weapons Convention aims to monitor their manufacture, use and trade by an agreed system of inspections, permits and notifications administered in Australia by the Chemical Weapons Convention Office (CWCO).
		In practice the impact of the Convention will be to monitor activities using listed CW Agents and precursor chemicals, as well as chemical facilities which could provide the infrastructure for their production.
	www.chemlink.com.au /chemweap.htm (862 words)

	CWC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The treaty defines chemical weapons as toxic chemicals and their precursors, except where intended for purposes not prohibited by the CWC, and in types and quantities consistent with such purposes; munitions and devices specifically designed to cause death through dissemination of toxic chemicals; and equipment specifically designed for use with such munitions and devices.
		The toxic chemicals that will be monitored by the CWC include those specified in three lists, referred to collectively as the "Schedules of Chemicals." Schedule 1 covers chemicals that have been developed, produced, stockpiled or used as chemical weapons, or chemicals that are CW precursors with little or no commercial use.
		The CWC requires all States Parties to be specific in their declaration of type, quantity, and location of its chemical weapons; chemical weapons production facilities; and chemical weapons destruction facilities, currently in operation or used since 1 January 1946.
	www.nawcwpns.navy.mil /~treaty/CWC.html (1080 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention
		CWC was completed and opened for signature on January 13, 1993.
		Weapons (OPCW) to oversee all aspects of the execution of the convention.
		CWC were recycled during the negotiations of the Protocol to the Biological and Toxin Weapons
	www.csuohio.edu /polisci/courses/PSC422/cwc.htm (2095 words)

	The 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The efforts to negotiate a comprehensive global ban on chemical weapons were based on the 1925 Geneva Protocol which outlawed the use of chemical and biological weapons.
		The CWC not only bans the use of chemical weapons, but unlike the Geneva Protocol also bans their development, production, stockpiling and transfer and requires that all existing stocks of chemical weapons be destroyed within 10 years.
		The Convention lists 43 chemicals and families of chemicals for the application of special procedures, but, by virtue of the general purpose criterion, the prohibitions of the treaty are not restricted to them.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~hsp/chemical.html (1018 words)

	World War I article - World War I World 1914 1918 Chemical weapons genocides Habsburgs Romanovs - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Chemical weapons were used for the first time, the first mass bombardment of civilians from the sky was executed, and some of the century's first genocides took place during the war.
		Casualties were enormous, mostly because of the more efficient weapons (like artillery and machine guns) that were used in large quantities against old tactics.
		The First World War also saw the use of chemical warfare and aerial bombardment, both of which had been outlawed under the 1907 Hague Convention.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/WWI (6210 words)

	THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION: Part I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The quest for abolition of chemical weapons has been driven in general by an almost universal revulsion of this entire class of weapons, and a perception, at least in the Western democracies, that their use is somehow "immoral" in comparison with other classes of weapons.
		Again, some just war theorists argue that chemical weapons, such as nerve agents, kill quickly and prevent superfluous suffering,14 and as such are not an immoral class of weapons.
		The purpose of the Wyoming MOU was, and remains, to facilitate the negotiation, ratification and implementation of the CWC.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/ssi/chemwpp1.htm (2395 words)

	Australia's National Authority for the Chemical Weapons Convention
		The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an international treaty that bans the development, production, possession or use of chemical weapons, and requires the destruction of existing weapons.
		The CWCO is the Australian authority responsible for implementation of the CWC in Australia.
		Chemicals Weapons (Prohibition) Act 1994 bans activities connected to the development, production and use of chemical weapons, including assisting anyone else engaged in these activities, whether intentionally or not.
	www.dfat.gov.au /cwco (2363 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention
		Detecting the production and stockpiling of chemical weapons may be more difficult than detecting the existence, obviously, of nuclear-armed warheads.
		Condition 29 conditions U.S. participation in the convention upon demonstrated actions by the country with the largest chemical weapons arsenal on Earth--Russia.
		I will vote for the convention because the judgment of the most senior former and current military commanders believe it will make our soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines more safe in potential battlefields and less likely to face the horrible prospect of chemical weapons.
	www.fas.org /spp/starwars/congress/1997/s970424l.htm (3389 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Chemical Weapons Convention — This treaty attempts to ban chemical weapons.
		The problem with it is that some of the countries most likely to use chemical weapons (Libya, Syria, Iraq, North Korea, China, Iran and Russia) either won't sign the treaty or have indicated they will not be bound by it.
		The treaty is unverifiable and unenforceable, and so it increases, not eliminates, the risk of chemical weapons use, while and seriously reducing the U.S. ability to use certain weapons that, in some cases, are more humane than bombs.
	www.unwatch.com /chemical.html (130 words)

	U.S. Chemical Weapons Convention Web Site
		On July 1, 2005, the United States distributed a paper on ensuring State Party compliance with CWC national implementation obligations to the 41st Session of the OPCW Executive Council (Ensuring Article VII Compliance: Options for CSP-10).
		See the Amendment to the CWC Regulations regarding the Electronic Submission of Declarations and Reports through Web-DESI and instructions for requesting authorization from BIS to use this system.
		BIS assists companies to determine declaration and reporting requirements by providing chemical determinations and to prepare for inspections by conducting on-site assistance visits upon request.
	www.cwc.gov (416 words)

	chemical weapons ban syria and other syria related information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Syria is not a party to the Chemical Weapons Convention.
		as long as a comprehensive ban on chemical, biological and nuclear weapons in the Middle East is not...
		it would only consider a ban on chemical weapons in the context of a ban on nuclear weapons as well.
	www.nethorde.com /syria/chemical-weapons-ban-syria.html (312 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In addition to triggering sanctions against American chemical manufacturers who could lose up to $600 million in annual sales, U.S. officials will be barred from participation in international inspection teams or involvement in future decisions on the Convention.
		The case in favor of the CWC is solid, and so convincing that our military leaders, the intelligence community, and American business are all steadfast treaty supporters.
		The CWC simply mandates that other nations follow the smart decision made by the U.S. back in 1991: to destroy chemical stockpiles.
	www.bens.org /releases_0197.html (313 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A law regarding the use, inventory, import and export of chemical weapons was enacted on December 30, 1999 which may affect SIU Carbondale researchers.
		The Chemical Weapons Convention Act (CWCA) was created for the Department of Commerce, Bureau of Export Administration and is published in vol.
		Schedule 2 chemicals are more commonly found in research laboratories, but have a much higher threshold which will likely not be met by SIU Carbondale.
	www.cehs.siu.edu /chemical/cwca.htm (294 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an international arms-control and non-proliferation agreement that prohibits enterprises and private persons to develop, produce, otherwise acquire, stockpile or retain chemical weapons, or transfer, directly or indirectly, chemical weapons to anyone.
		The international organisation, Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), is monitoring and controlling that chemicals covered by the Convention are only used for purposes not prohibited under the Convention.
		The OPCW cooperates with the national authorities in the countries that have acceded to the Convention.
	www.naec.dk /chemicalweapons/0/1/0 (205 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention News
		FACTSHEET: ACDA ON ORGANIZATION PROHIBITING CHEMICAL WEAPONS USIA 17 September 1998 -- The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in The Hague, the Netherlands, is responsible for implementing the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).
		FACT SHEET: THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION (The following fact sheet, entitled "The Chemical Weapons Convention," was issued by the White House on April 4.) "The Chemical Weapons Convention is a global treaty that bans an entire class of weapons of mass destruction, chemical weapons.
		FACT SHEET: CWC FACTS AND FICTION (The following fact sheet on the Chemical Weapons Convention, entitled "CWC Facts and Fiction," was issued by the White House on April 4.) "The Senate has held 13 hearings on the treaty.....
	fas.org /nuke/control/cwc/news (4170 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention
		The goal of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is to improve the security of all countries by eliminating the threat from poison gas weapons.
		The CWC bans development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and requires destruction of existing stocks and production facilities.
		Its entry into force on 29 April 1997 was a major step forward in the international community's drive to eliminate the threat from these weapons of mass destruction.
	www.state.gov /t/ac/cwc (129 words)

	The Chemical Weapons Convention Treaty (Table of Contents) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Declaration of chemical weapons pursuant to Article III, paragraph I (a) (iii)
		Systematic verification of the destruction of chemical weapons
		Chemical weapons storage facilities at chemical weapons destruction facilities
	www.cwc.gov /treaty/cwcIndex_html (653 words)

	NTI: Issues and Analysis: Vinalon, the DPRK, and Chemical Weapons Precursors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Well, from now on, its chemical warfare.” I saw many prisoners lying on the slope of a hill, bleeding from their mouths and motionless, enveloped by strange fumes and surrounded by scores of guards in the gas masks I delivered to the Chief Guard earlier in the morning.
		This integral segment of the DPRK chemical industry is the production of vinalon, or “juche fiber.”[2] The synthetic process of creating this polymer merges two important ideological themes for North Korea: the heralded wisdom and promise associated with economic self-reliance (juche), and the purported uniqueness of those achievements.
		Schwartz assessed that the DPRK possesses “large chemical stockpiles and is self-sufficient in the production of chemical components for first generation chemical agents.”[4] One agent that fits the description of a first-generation CW agent is sulfur mustard, a vesicant that was first used by Germany in 1917.
	www.nuclearthreatinitiative.org /e_research/e3_23b.html (2951 words)

	Chemical Weapons Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The CWC penalizes countries that do not join by inhibiting their access to certain treaty-controlled chemicals.
		The CWC regime monitors commercial facilities that produce, process or consume dual-use chemicals to ensure they are not diverted for prohibited purposes.
		The Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in The Hague, the Netherlands, is responsible for implementing the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC).
	fas.org /nuke/control/cwc (235 words)

	Biological and Chemical Weapons Convention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As parties to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), the United States and 142 other signatory countries pledge not to develop, produce, stockpile, acquire, or retain biological agents or toxins of types and in quantities that have no justification for prophylactic or peaceful purposes.
		The Office also supports DOE/NNSA work on the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), a global treaty that bans the production, acquisition, stockpiling, transfer, and use of chemical weapons.
		Policy and funding support for Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's effort to become a certified and designated CWC lab to perform chemical analysis of samples taken during inspections in the United States.
	www.nnsa.doe.gov /na-20/bwc.shtml (225 words)

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