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Topic: Chemical decomposition

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	Chapter 1
		The process of decomposition -- the breakdown of raw organic materials to a finished compost -- is a gradual complex process, one in which both chemical and biological processes must occur in order for organic matter to change into compost.
		Anaerobic decomposition takes place in nature, as in the decomposition of the organic muds at the bottom of marshes and in buried organic materials to which oxygen does not have access.
		Considerable cellulose and lignin decomposition by actinomycetes and fungi can occur near the end of the composting period when the temperatures have begun to drop and the environment in a larger part of the pile is satisfactory for their growth.
	aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /extension/compost/chapter1.html (5727 words)

	Chapter Laws of electro-chemical decomposition. of Faraday as a Discoverer by John Tyndall
		A crowd of facts of this character forced upon Faraday's mind the conclusion that the amount of electro-chemical decomposition depends, not upon the size of the electrodes, not upon the intensity of the current, not upon the strength of the solution, but solely upon the quantity of electricity which passes through the cell.
		The quantity of electricity he concludes is proportional to the amount of chemical action.
		The decomposition of his acidulated water is certainly a direct result of the current; but as the varied and important researches of MM.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/9/72/119/21388/1.html (802 words)

	Portable hydrogen generator - Patent 5593640
		The hydrogen generated by the primary chemical hydride 14 migrates to the upper region of inner vessel 26, and flows through filter material 30b as the hydrogen exits inner vessel 26 via conduit 21 and is supplied to hydrogen buffer 20.
		The hydrogen generated by the heating composition 16b and primary chemical hydride 14 migrates to the upper region of inner vessel 26, and flows through filter material 30b as the hydrogen exits inner vessel 26 via conduit 21 and is supplied to the hydrogen buffer 20.
		After primary chemical hydride 14 reaches a temperature of 100 degrees C., the primary chemical hydride is hydrolyzed with steam which is formed in conduit 19, and the primary chemical hydride 14 becomes the major contributor to the total output of hydrogen from hydrogen generators 10a and 10b.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5593640.html (6687 words)

	Chemistry - Chemical decomposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		chemical decomposition is the gradual fragmentation of a chemical compound into smaller molecules.
		The decomposition process is generally not well defined and a molecule breaks up in a host of smaller fragments.
		Decomposition generally depends on the presence of amounts of oxygen or water.
	www.chemistrydaily.com /chemistry/Chemical_decomposition (115 words)

	[No title]
		Chemical concentrations are affected primarily by drag-in, normal reaction depletion, decomposition, and drag-out.
		The chemical mix of the replenisher is mixed in a fixed ratio that matches the anticipated depletion rates of the individual components.
		For example, a chemical might be available in either a phosphate or a nitrite solution and the appropriate selection might be determined by the levels of free acid, total acid, and other component values.
	www.ortech-engr.com /fuzzy/ftp_files/ChemContSys.txt (2049 words)

	Education Resources » Chemical reaction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Chemical reactions are characterized by a chemical change and it yields one or more products which are different from the reactants.
		Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that strictly involve the motion of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds, although the general concept of a chemical reaction, in particular the notion of a chemical equation, is applicable to transformations of elementary particles, as well as nuclear reactions.
		Chemical reactions may be classified in different ways depending on the particular aspect considered for elaborating the division, or on the branch of Chemistry which the classification originates from.
	www.thecatalyst.org /resource/2006/04/21/Chemical-reaction (1554 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Decomposition involves respiration: the release of the energy fixed by photosynthesis, CO2 and H2O.
		LITTER QUALITY The nature of the chemical bonds present and the size of the three-dimensional structure of the molecules in which the bonds are formed contribute to the quality or lack of quality of the litter.
		The supply rate of mineral nutrients to the soil during the process of decomposition, the net mineralization rate, is the difference between the rates of mineralization and immobilization.
	www.cbu.edu /~esalgado/BIOL412/Ch09.doc (2399 words)

	UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
		The chemical and petroleum processing industries should develop basic guidelines to be used in tolling or contracting agreements the safety of which may depend on sound communication of chemical and process hazards.
		Chemicals rated 3 or 4 are those that are capable of undergoing detonation or explosive decomposition and generating the most severe blast or shock wave.
		The initial decomposition temperature was lowered by 50C (from 110C) in the presence of 0.5 to 1% water.
	ncsp.tamu.edu /reports/EPA/lodirecc.htm (5446 words)

	Davy, On Some Chemical Agencies of Electricity (1806)
		The chemical effects produced by electricity have been for some time objects of philosophical attention; but the novelty of the phenomena, their want of analogy to known facts, and the apparent discordance of some of the results, have involved the inquiry in much obscurity.
		This decomposition was likewise very slow; but in the course of two days a pretty strong solution of lime was obtained in one tube; and an acid fluid in the other, which precipitated acetite of lead, and left a spot upon the glass from which it had evaporated.
		For if chemical union be of the nature which I have ventured to suppose, however strong the natural electrical energies of the elements of bodies may be, yet there is every probability of a limit to their strength: whereas the powers of our artificial instruments seem capable of indefinite increase.
	www.english.upenn.edu /Projects/knarf/Davy/davy5.html (10041 words)

	Try Chemical Decomposition
		be chemically decomposed it is classified as a compound.
		be chemically decomposed it is classified as an element.
		Elements, on the other hand, are pure substances which cannot be decomposed by electrolysis or any other kind of chemical reaction.
	dl.clackamas.cc.or.us /ch104-03/try_chemical_decomposition.htm (176 words)

	armchairchemistry
		The decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide is caused by a chemical in blood.
		Specifically the chemical is a catalyst that triggers the decomposition.
		chemical that causes a reaction without itself being part of the reaction.
	chemsrvr2.fullerton.edu /HES/decomposition/decomp.htm (1701 words)

	Chemical reaction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A chemical reaction is a process involving one, two or more substances (called reactants), characterized by a chemical change and yielding one or more product(s) which are different from the reactants.
		A Chemical change is defined as molecules attaching to each other to form larger molecules, molecules breaking apart to form two, or more, smaller molecules, or rearrangement of atoms within molecules.
		The basic reason which explains the occurrence of Chemical reactions is the tendency to lower the Chemical system energy and/or to raise the global entropy, which is closely related to energetic exchanges as well.
	chemical-reaction.iqnaut.net (1019 words)

	Chemical Weathering
		The extent to which the breakdown has occurred may be given as the index of weathering, usually expressed as the ratio of a common element like aluminum or iron present in the secondary mineral compared to the total present in the soil.
		Water is the essential agent in chemical weathering, either reacting with the minerals directly or carrying dissolved species which themselves react with the minerals.
		Instead, salts may be left at or near the surface from the evaporation of the little available water, or a variety of rock like crusts may form such as the calcium carbonate-rich calcrete (or caliche).
	www.chipr.sunysb.edu /eserc/longis/chemicalweathering.html (1444 words)

	Chemical reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chemical reactions are characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more products which are, in general, different from the reactants.
		In a system at chemical equilibrium, larger concentrations of the substances formed by the spontaneous direction of the process should be present.
		The rate of a chemical reaction is a measure of how the concentration of the involved substances changes with time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chemical_reaction (1567 words)

	[No title]
		hydrolysis- the chemical reaction of a substance with water.
		Chemical weathering is optimized in warm, moist climates.
		Extreme chemical weathering; leaching removes nearly all soluble minerals, leaving iron and aluminum oxides.
	www.gpc.edu /~cgelbaum/PhysGeoCh5.htm (805 words)

	Novel Use of Polymer Nanofibers as Filters for Chemical Warfare Defense
		Among chemical warfare agents, organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents are of particular interest due to their acute neurotoxicity.
		The problems with this chemical warfare protection are the disposal issues of toxic agents and the weight considerations of the protective garment.
		Ramakrishna explained the benefits of their novel filter material to Nanowerk: "We synthesized a new compound, which is a derivative of β-cyclodextrin, and found it to possess the capacity to hydrolyze nerve agent simulants.
	www.prweb.com /releases/2006/6/prweb397628.htm (643 words)

	Fire of 1532 Did Not Start Long-Term Autocatalytic Decomposition
		Autocatalytic chemical reactions are those in which the rate increases as the amounts of reactants decrease, i.e., while the materials are reacting.
		R is the "gas constant (1.9872)," a universal constant that applies to many disparate physical and chemical processes, and it is known with great accuracy and precision.
		Lignin decomposition analysis suggests that the Shroud is at least twice as old as C14 estimates.
	www.shroudstory.com /faq/turin-shroud-faq-06.htm (2064 words)

	1
		Soils are formed by the mechanical disintegration and chemical decomposition of parent rock that make up the earth's crust.
		The chemical decomposition of rocks is brought about by hydrolysis acidification, carbonation, oxidation and reduction.
		In addition to physical and chemical weathering, there is also the weathering induced by living organisms or biological agencies, which include both plant and animal organisms.
	www.nos.org /soil/sh1.4.htm (833 words)

	Chemical decomposition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Another recognized form of decomposition is hydrogen peroxide.
		A common decomposition of a chlorate to evolve oxygen utilizes potassium chlorate as follows:
		The detailed decomposition process is generally not well defined and a molecule breaks up into a host of smaller fragments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chemical_decomposition (301 words)

	IIIA Classification of Chemical Reactions
		Nitration is a chemical reaction in which a substance undergoes the introduction of a nitro group, --NO Combustion of Nitrocellulose
		Photoreduction reactions are chemical reactions in which a substance has gained electrons, that is, been reduced
		Redox reactions are chemical reactions in which one substance loses electrons (is oxidized) and another substance simultaneously gains electrons (is reduced); "redox" is a contraction of the words "reduction-oxidation"
	boyles.sdsmt.edu /subhead/types_of_reactions.htm (311 words)

	CHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF STABILIZED PROPELLANTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Abstract : The decomposition chemistry of stabilized propellants is shown to be a two-step pseudo firstorder reaction in stabilizer with the second step rate-determining.
		The experimentation was designed to consider only that portion of the decomposition curve representative of propellant safe life.
		Chemical kinetics are used to develop the mechanism of reaction which is substantiated by experimental proof.
	stinet.dtic.mil /oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0259641 (124 words)

	#1 Site For Learning Chemistry
		Transformation of a substance into a new substance or substances is called a chemical reaction.
		Chemical reactions involve breaking of bonds of the reacting substances and creating new bonds in the atoms or molecules of the products.
		Even though ammonium cyanate and urea have the same chemical formula, their arrangements of atoms inside the molecules differ.
	home.att.net /~cat6a/chem_reac-I.htm (889 words)

	CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROWAVE-INDUCED NO DECOMPOSITION ON ANTHRACITE BED
		The sour gas decomposition reaction requires a reacting medium with wave absorbability preferably a carboneous material which enables to snatch the oxygen radicals generated by the reaction.
		The sour gas decomposition by microwave is thermo-chemical reactions, the gas decomposition and conversion combined.
		The surface area of the anthracite was increased as the reaction continued because the oxygen radicals produced from the decomposed gas react with carbon molecules in capillaries of the coal to form CO or CO. And Korean anthracite was becoming more effective absorbent for gas adsorption after repeated use.
	www.worldenergy.org /wec-geis/publications/default/tech_papers/17th_congress/3_1_14.asp (2571 words)

	Explosive material - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The chemical decomposition of an explosive may take years, days, hours, or a fraction of a second.
		The term "detonation" is used to describe an explosive phenomenon whereby the decomposition is propagated by the explosive shockwave traversing the explosive material.
		A chemical explosive is a compound or mixture which, upon the application of heat or shock, decomposes or rearranges with extreme rapidity, yielding much gas and heat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chemical_explosive (5565 words)

	Chemical Decomposition of Solid Cyclotrimethylene Trinitramine
		Quantum-chemical simulations of the thermal decomposition of solid RDX at the Hartree-Fock level are performed.
		It is shown that a rupture of the N-NO2 chemical bond requires less energy for an isolated molecule than for a molecule placed in the bulk of the solid.
		Mechanisms of solid RDX decomposition, the relevant experimental data, and possible applications of the obtained results are discussed in great detail.
	www.nsti.org /procs/ICCN2001/4/T24.4 (145 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Decomposition
		Decomposition is the breakdown or change of a material or substance (by heat, chemical reaction, or other processes) into other chemical compounds.
		Just as a piece of food (which is really just a collection of many chemicals) can spoil or rot, so can certain chemical substances or mixtures.
		Decomposition may result in the release of a large amount of heat, possibly resulting in a fire or explosion.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/decomposition.html (327 words)

	Product Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The liberation of gas when heating chemical foaming agents occurs through a chemical reaction or decomposition.
		Different chemical foaming agents have different decomposition temperatures depending on their chemical structure, and specific chemical foaming agents can be selected for particular supplications.
		In addition to azodicarbonamide, there are several other hydrazine-based chemical blowing agents such as benzene- and toluenesulfonylhydrazide, which are used in lower temperature applications.
	www.archchemicals.com /Fed/HDR/Products/Hydrates/Chemblow.htm (277 words)

	armchairchemistry
		To observe chemical and physical changes in chemical reactions.
		Ordinary table sugar (sucrose) is a substance known as a carbohydrate.
		the combustion or decomposition reaction is carbon visible as a fl solid
	chemsrvr2.fullerton.edu /HES/decomposition/decomp_tchr.htm (1919 words)

	Decomposition (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chemical decomposition or analysis, in chemistry, is the fragmentation of a chemical compound into elements or smaller compounds
		decomposition (computer science), or factoring, in computer science, refers to the process of breaking a complex problem down into easily-understood and achievable parts
		Prime decomposition of integers, see fundamental theorem of arithmetic (for the mathematics), integer factorization (for applications), or prime factorization algorithm (for an algorithm)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Decomposition_(disambiguation) (146 words)

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