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Topic: Chemical ecology

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	chemical ecology lab
		Similarly, to test the roles of saponins in trophic relationships between alfalfa and associated arthropods, we are conducting trophic cascades research in alfalfa fields in Colorado, Arizona, and Louisiana.
		We examine morphological, behavioral, and chemical defenses that caterpillars deploy against parasitoids and use various experimental approaches to test their effectiveness.
		For the chemical defenses, we have developed assays to detect active compounds in plants and caterpillars; once we have detected these defenses, we examine the effects of sequestered compounds on parasitoids.
	www.tulane.edu /~piper/res.htm (844 words)

	Chemical ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Chemical ecology is the study of the chemical s involved in the interactions of living organism s.
		International Society of Chemical Ecology Dedicated to the study of chemical mechanisms which help control intra- and interspecific interactions among living beings, including pheromones and semiochemicals.
		Insect Chemical Ecology and Behavior Laboratory Insect chemical ecology and behavior laboratory of Prof.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Chemical_ecology.html (440 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Adaptive, chemically mediated fright response in tadpoles of the southern leopard frog, Rana utricularia.
		Chemical signals, unlike visual signals, are effective in the dark and can be transmitted around objects; they thereford plan an important role in the ethology of many vertebrates, particularly mammals, most of which are nocturnal (Homo sapiens notwithstanding).
		Chemically, glandular exudates of mammals are largely lipophilic and include hydrocarbons, sterol esters, aliphatic esters, glycerides (or glycerol esters), free fatty acids and free sterols (Table).
	www.life.uiuc.edu /bio324/vert_phermones.html (8056 words)

	[No title]
		Those chemicals involved in communication are by and large secondary metabolites--that is, they are generally not molecules involved in the primary physiological processes of life, such as respiration, digestion, excretion, and in the case of green plants, photosynthesis.
		Because chemical communication requires both a producer and receiver of signals, yet another factor determining the effective range of a chemical signal is the receptive efficiency of the detector of the chemical signal.
		Because the effectiveness of a chemical signal is so dependent upon the medium in which it is conveyed, it is not surprising that semiochemicals tend to differ significantly in structure in terrestrial and aquatic enviroments.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /ib/445/02_NatureChemSigs.html (5354 words)

	Molecular & Chemical Ecology
		Chemical ecology, a discipline emergent during the past half century, was spawned by the realization that all organisms engender chemical signals and respond to the chemical emissions of others.
		For that novel branch of chemical ecology, we propose the term molecular ecology, in recognition of its immense potential and timeliness.
		By characterizing and synthesizing the chemicals that mediate ecological interactions, chemical ecology provides the tools to manipulate interactions under natural settings with a degree of rigor rarely attainable in ecology.
	www.genomics.cornell.edu /focus_areas/molecular (699 words)

	About ISCE
		The International Society of Chemical Ecology, Inc. (ISCE) was incorporated on 12 September 1983 in the Commonwealth of Kentucky, USA, and received recognition as a Tax Exempt Scientific and Educational Society in June, 1984.
		Research in the field of chemical ecology is concerned with the identification and synthesis of the substances which carry information, with the elucidation of receptor and transduction systems which recognize and pass on these "semiochemicals", and with the developmental, behavioral, and ecological consequences of chemical signals.
		The International Society of Chemical Ecology urges that conservation measures be mounted worldwide to stem the tide of species extinction, and that vastly increased biorational studies be undertaken aimed at discovering new chemicals of use to medicine, agriculture and industry.
	www.chemecol.org /society/about.htm (600 words)

	Whole Earth: Green Chemistry - chemical ecology
		An entire city was closed because of toxic chemical contamination in Love Canal, N.Y., and the pristine Puget Sound was rendered unfishable at Commencement Bay in Tacoma, Wash., because the floor of the bay was coated with heavy metals and polychloro-biphenyls (PCBs)--residue of a decade of lumber processing.
		Probably the most notorious chemical disaster in the 20th century involved the tragic death of thousands of people when MIC was accidently released at the Union Carbide facility in Bhopal, India.
		Chemical products should be designed so that at the end of their function they break down into innocuous degradation products and do not persist in the environment.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GER/is_1999_Winter/ai_58458664 (1145 words)

	Nearctica - Ecology - Chemical Ecology
		Chemical ecology is about the various biochemicals produced, released, and utilized by different species of organisms.
		A herbivore eats a plant releasing a chemical, and the chemical attracts the herbivore's predators or parasitoids.
		In the case of the monarch, the butterfly protects itself from predators with a chemical taken from their foodplant, a chemical originally evolved in milkweeds to prevent herbivory.
	www.nearctica.com /ecology/chemeco.htm (448 words)

	UC Davis Department of Entomology - Chemical Ecology and Olfaction - Walter S. Leal
		Chemical communication involves the production and release of specific chemicals called semiochemicals by the emitter, and the detection and olfactory processing of these signals (see introduction) leading to appropriate behavioral responses in the receiver.
		In most insect species, chemical attraction is the major means of sexual recruitment (MOVIE requires RealPlayer or MS Media Player), with females in most (but not all) cases being the emitter and males being the receivers.
		The chemical constituents of a crude extract or active fractions are separated by a capillary column in the GC, with the eluted peaks passing through the antennae connected to the biodetector (EAD).
	chemecol.ucdavis.edu /Research.html (1420 words)

	Advances in Insect Chemical Ecology - Cambridge University Press
		The discipline of chemical ecology seeks to unravel these interactions by identifying and defining the chemicals involved, and documenting how perception of these chemical mediators modifies behavior and ultimately reproductive success.
		The volume presents descriptions of the chemicals involved, the effects of semiochemically-mediated interactions on reproductive success, and the evolutionary pathways that have shaped the chemical ecology of arthropods.
		Chemical ecology of astigmatid mites Yasumasa Kuwahara; 4.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521792754 (453 words)

	Chemical Ecology - ENT 539
		Chemical and molecular ecology is among the fastest-growing and rapidly evolving environmental subdiscipline.
		Despite the "insects" in the title, the course is a broader introduction to chemical ecology, with a wider range of topics shaped to some degree by student interest.
		The chemical basis of plant-herbivore interactions will be a major focus of this course, emphasizing the rich diversity of insect examples, which comprise 80% of the chemical ecology literature on animals.
	www.cas.psu.edu /docs/casdept/entomol/teaching/ent539/objectives.htm (293 words)

	Nat'l Academies Press: Chemical Ecology: The Chemistry of Biotic Interaction
		Chemical signals among organisms form "a vast communicative interplay, fundamental to the fabric of life," in the words of one expert.
		Chemical ecology is the the discipline that seeks to understand these interactions-to use biology in the search for new substances of potential benefit to humankind.
		Topics also include the appropriation of dietary factors for defense and communication; the use of chemical signals in the marine environment; the role of the olfactory system in chemical analysis; and the interaction of polydnaviruses, endoparasites, and the immune system of the host.
	www.nap.edu /readingroom/records/0309052815.html (241 words)

	Chemical Weapons in Russia: History, Ecology, Politics
		Chemical weapons are twentieth century weapons [1-8], though some chemicals subsequently used as toxic agents had already been discovered in the nineteenth century.
		Chemical weapons were produced exclusively on the shores of deep rivers that in the past had been clean, using the waters of the Volga, Oka and Kama for production needs, as well as for dumping [69-71].
		Chemical weapons sent to the Soviet Army in experimental and industrial lots were tested at many sites [10, 11] even though this is extremely hazardous for the populace and the environment, and in civilized nations is done as far as possible in sealed enclosures [56].
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/russia/cbw/jptac008_l94001.htm (20932 words)

	Chemical Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The ecology of the world depends on an array of complex chemical interactions, which control life.
		The fusion of chemistry and ecology has created a new and exciting discipline, chemical ecology.
		Chemical ecology investigates how bioactive natural products influence the inter- and intraspecific behaviours among organisms in their enviroment.
	www.sfu.ca /chemistry/CERG/chemical_ecology/ce_link.html (83 words)

	Chemical Ecology of Millet Pests
		This project investigated the chemical ecology of the two pests in order to determine the potential of pheromones and plant chemicals in their management.
		Analysis of the composition of volatiles from millet panicles at different stages of development and sorghum panicles showed significant differences and highlighted nine components that might be responsible for encouraging oviposition on millet panicles at 30% emergence or for discouraging oviposition on other stages.
		The findings on chemical stimuli for oviposition should be developed further and the relative importance of chemical and physical stimuli established.
	www.nri.org /research/chemicalecology-projects-cemillet.htm (1041 words)

	Chemical Ecology Research Group homepage
		The group is involved in a large collaborative project with groups at the Universities of Aarhus, Florence, Sheffield, Uppsala, Wurzburg and the ETH in Zurich, funded by an EU Training and Mobility grant.
		A British Council funded project together with the University of Alagoas, Maceio, Brazil is engaged in the identification and synthesis of insect pheromones from economically important fruit pests.
		The development of analytical and extractive techniques for the isolation of the natural insect antifeedant and growth regulator Azadirachtin (and other bio-active compounds) from tissue cultures of Neem cells, using supercritical fluid chromatography, supercritical fluid extraction and novel molecular imprinted polymers.
	www.keele.ac.uk /depts/ch/groups/ecology/ecology.html (1186 words)

	Chemical Ecology Rev 5
		The application of a chemical that inhibits nematode sensory responses would have an advantage over conventional nematicides because the chemical need not be inherently toxic to animal cells.
		Major limitations are the amount of chemical that must be applied to flood a soil system and the potential for rapid microbial degradation of the material.
		Understanding their role and function in host-finding and response to attractant and repellent stimuli is a necessary component of real application of chemical ecology to nematode management.
	plpnemweb.ucdavis.edu /nemaplex/Mangmnt/Chemecol.htm (3162 words)

	IFM-GEOMAR: Chemical Ecology
		Chemical ecology tries to promote the ecological understanding of the origin, function and significance of natural chemical compounds that mediate interaction within and between organisms.
		It encompasses a broad interdisciplinary field with such different research fields as predator--prey interactions, competition, chemical communication, pathogen--host interactions, biosynthesis, reproduction, and the evolution of secondary metabolites.
		While in the past the discovery of new chemical compounds was the primary goal, the function and significance of these compounds is gaining more and more attention.
	www.ifm-geomar.de /index.php?id=2078&L=1 (142 words)

	Chemical Ecology \| College of Ag \| PSU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		CHEMICAL ECOLOGY is the study of the role(s) chemistry plays in ecological interactions.
		The chemistry involved in these interactions is often labile, or plastic, so we are particularly interested in the chemical behavior of participants in dynamic interactions.
		Examples include chemical defenses induced or elicited by enemies, rapid production of signals, and the active emission of chemicals that may mediate competition.
	chemicalecology.psu.edu /index.html (225 words)

	DLESE description of Chemical Ecology:
		Chemical signals among organisms form "a vast communicative interplay, fundamental to the fabric of life," in the words of one expert.
		Chemical ecology is the the discipline that seeks to understand these interactions-to use biology in the search for new substances of potential benefit to humankind.
		Topics also include the appropriation of dietary factors for defense and communication; the use of chemical signals in the marine environment; the role of the olfactory system in chemical analysis; and the interaction of polydnaviruses, endoparasites, and the immune system of the host.
	www.dlese.org /library/catalog_NAP-4979.htm (236 words)

	Encyclopedia article: Chemical ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Chemical ecology is the study of the chemical (Produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules) s involved in the interactions of living organism (A living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently) s.
		It focuses on the production of and response to signaling molecules, toxins, and other organic compound (Any compound of carbon and another element or a radical) s.
		Ecology (The branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/chemical_ecology.htm (174 words)

	NOAA Ocean Explorer: 2005 Florida Deep Corals Expedition
		Marine chemical ecology is a relatively new area of interdisciplinary research which investigates the natural biological functions of marine natural products.
		The field of marine chemical ecology has been gaining momentum, however, and knowledge about the natural functions of toxic and deterrent marine compounds has increased greatly over the past twenty years.
		This is especially important for soft bodied organisms that cannot move away from their predators such as marine algae, sponges, ascidians (tunicates, or sea squirts), and octocorals, which use secondary metabolites to deter predatory fishes, to compete for space, and to control settlement and growth of bacteria and other fouling organisms.
	oceanexplorer.noaa.gov /explorations/05deepcorals/background/chemical_ecology/ecology.html (797 words)

	Chemical Ecology of The Southern Pine Beetle
		The broader aspects of SPB chemical ecology and implications for bark beetle management are addressed.
		Semiochemicals used in interspecific communication are referred to as kairomones when the species receiving the chemical message benefits and allomones when the emitter of the chemical message benefits at the expense of the receiver.
		Although several host- and beetle-associated chemicals have been found to be produced and/or utilized by SPB as part of its communication system, behavioral responses of this beetle have only been determined for a few of these compounds.
	www.ento.vt.edu /~salom/Chemecology/chemecol.html (4825 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Chemical Ecology of Resistance in Maize to European Corn Borer Oviposition
		Technical Abstract: Incorporation of the emerging field of-chemical- ecology into comprehensive pest management practices is becoming more practical as our understanding is extended concerning the chemical interactions and ecology of crops and their pests in dynamic agroecosystems.
		Promising leads found in the chemical extracts of B96 and related inbreds suggest that there are natural chemical oviposition deterrents in maize.
		How the variable chemical emissions of maize plants modulate insect pest behaviors is not yet clear, but there is evidence that suggests volatiles released by maize also attract predators and parasites.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=102381 (278 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Chemical Ecology: The Chemistry of Biotic Interaction (1995)
		Chemical Signals in the Marine Environment: Dispersal, Dete..., pp.
		The Chemistry of Gamete Attraction: Chemical Structures, Biosynthesis, and...
		Chemical Signals in the Marine Environment: Dispersal, Detection, and...
	www.nap.edu /books/0309052815/html (246 words)

	D. John Faulkner Lab, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
		In this research group, students are involved in all aspects of their research program from collecting the marine organisms, performing chemical studies and, whenever possible, screening the chemicals for bioactivity.
		Our strategy is to select a specific chemical or class of chemicals and determine their location at the cellular level.
		The strategy has the advantage that one does not start with the daunting task of culturing symbionts, which are considered to be among the most difficult microbes to culture and which may not produce the desired compounds in the absence of the host.
	www.mrd.ucsd.edu /jf (1158 words)

	MPI for Chemical Ecology - MPICE - Department of Biochemistry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Plants produce an enormous diversity of chemical compounds that have frequently been implicated in defense against herbivores and pathogens.
		However, it has been difficult to demonstrate the roles of individual compounds in defense, and no satisfactory explanations have emerged to account for the vast structural variety of these substances both within and among plants.
		The sequences of the isolated genes are also employed to investigate the evolutionary origin of defenses and their modes of regulation.
	www.ice.mpg.de /ger/home/home_en.htm (145 words)

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