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Topic: Chemical oceanography

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	FSU Chemical Oceanography
		Chemical oceanographers study the mechanisms that control the distribution of elements and compounds in the atmosphere, ocean, coastal waterways, and sediments on the sea floor.
		chemical cycling of major elements, carbon, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and iron in the coastal zone and in wetlands (Chanton) and (Kostka);
		studying the chemical, biological, and physical processes that affect trace-element distributions and behavior in marine, freshwater, and atmospheric environments (Landing);
	www.ocean.fsu.edu /chemical.html (271 words)

	Chemical oceanography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chemical oceanography is the study of the behaviour of the chemical elements within the Earth's oceans.
		Thus much of chemical oceanography describes the cycling of these elements both within the ocean and with the other spheres of the Earth system (see biogeochemical cycle).
		Another important area of study in chemical oceanography is the behaviour of isotopes (see isotope geochemistry) and how they can be used as tracers of past and present oceanographic and climatic processes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chemical_oceanography (188 words)

	Chemical oceanography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Chemical oceanography is the study of the behaviour of the chemical element s within the Earth 's ocean s.
		Dalhousie University, Chemical Oceanography Geochemical modelling, diagenesis, bioturbation, bubbles in sediments, benthic boundary layer, photochemistry, trace element cycles, marine sources of halocarbons, arctic oceanography.
		A chemical is a either a chemical element or a material with a defined composition of such elements: a chemical compound.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Chemical_oceanography.html (610 words)

	Chemical oceanography -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The ocean is unique in that it contains - in greater or lesser quantities - nearly every (One of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe) element in the (A tabular arrangement of the chemical elements according to atomic number as based on the periodic law) periodic table.
		Thus much of chemical oceanography describes the (The sport of traveling on a bicycle or motorcycle) cycling of these elements both within the ocean and with the other spheres of the Earth system (see (Click link for more info and facts about biogeochemical cycle) biogeochemical cycle).
		These cycles are usually characterised as quantitative (The rate of flow of energy or particles across a given surface) fluxes between constituent (Tank used for collecting and storing a liquid (as water or oil)) reservoirs defined within the ocean system.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/chemical_oceanography.htm (175 words)

	COFS School of Oceanography Research
		Some lines of inquiry are distinguished easily from oceanography, such as medical research use of hemoglobins or toxins manufactured by marine organisms because of their relative simplicity, neurophysiological use of squids and tubeworms for their usually large and manipulable nerve cells, and embryological use of sea urchin eggs as easily obtainable models of animal development.
		Chemical oceanographers at the University of Washington study the mechanisms that control the distribution of elements and compounds in the ocean.
		One of the greatest strengths of the physical oceanography program at the University of Washington is that it is part of a major university: at the core of the study of physical oceanography is an understanding of physics, fluid mechanics, and applied mathematics.
	www.cofs.washington.edu /about/oceanography.html (4536 words)

	Oceanography - Crystalinks
		Oceanography is a scientific discipline concerned with all aspects of the world's oceans and seas, including their physical and chemical properties, their origin and geologic framework, and the life forms that inhabit the marine environment.
		Chemical oceanography has to do with the composition of seawater and the biogeochemical cycles that affect it.
		Oceanography also is vital to understanding the effect of pollutants on ocean waters and to the preservation of the quality of the oceans' waters in the face of increasing human demands made on them.
	www.crystalinks.com /oceanography.html (4140 words)

	Oceanography - Chemical Oceanography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One important aspect of chemical oceanography is the study of pollutants.
		Chemical oceanographers study the impact of such pollutants by examining how they interact with seawater, marine life, and sediments.
		Chemicals and pollutants introduced to a marine environment may behave very differently depending on environmental conditions such as salinity, wind, rainfall, temperature, and transport methods.
	www.marinecareers.net /chemical.htm (322 words)

	SEA — Marine Research Studies - Physical, Biological, Chemical, Geological Oceanography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Oceanography is divided into four interrelated disciplines: physics, chemistry, biology, and geology.
		Chemical Oceanography examines the origin, properties, and chemical composition of seawater.
		Geological Oceanography introduces students to the structure and composition of the earth, ocean basins, and continents, and the process of plate tectonics.
	www.sea.edu /academics/index_oceanography.asp (410 words)

	Coast Notes
		Physical oceanography involves the study of the physical properties of the ocean such as wave patterns, currents, tides and the changing contours of the ocean floor and shorelines.
		Chemical oceanographers study the chemical processes occurring in seawater and in marine organisms.
		Chemical oceanographer – studies the chemical composition of seawater and the relationship between organic and inorganic compounds found in the ocean; performs chemical research on sediments; studies desalination processes as well as the extraction of diverse compounds from sea water.
	rps.uvi.edu /VIMAS/Oceanography.htm (811 words)

	Biological and Chemical Oceanography Complex - EOS / UBC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The chemical and biological economy of the oceans constitutes a core focus for research into the distribution and cycling of materials at Earth's surface.
		One important attribute of the EOS Oceanography program is the strong interactions that exist between the physical, biological and chemical oceanographers, which ensure an integrated approach to studying ocean systems.
		Distributions of various elements, their isotopes, and their chemical speciation in the natural environment are studied, providing clues to the mechanisms that produce these patterns.
	www.eos.ubc.ca /research/infrastructure/bcoc.htm (739 words)

	School of Ocean & Earth Science - SOES 1005 : Introduction to Chemical Oceanography
		Chemical oceanography is central to the study of the oceans.
		Dissolved chemicals provide the building blocks for life, chemicals are used as tracers of physical processes and chemicals laid down in seafloor deposits record changes to the oceans through time.
		This unit provides an introduction to chemical oceanography for all science undergraduates and is particularly relevant to oceanography and geology students.
	www.soes.soton.ac.uk /teaching/undergraduate/unit_courses/index.php?link=details.php&id=6 (611 words)

	Intute: Science, Engineering and Technology - browse Chemical Oceanography
		The unit is concerned with the physical and chemical nature of seawater, processes which control the composition and chemistry of seawater, chemical exchanges with the atmosphere, rivers, and the seafloor.
		This lecture is a general introduction to chemical oceanography and covers: descriptive oceanography, an overview of ocean chemistry, the scope of chemical oceanography, and the history of chemical oceanography.
		The lecture is concerned with the chemical properties of sea water and the origin of salt in sea water together with the chemical formula of the processes.
	www.intute.ac.uk /sciences/cgi-bin/browse.pl?id=318 (1989 words)

	ADEOS Ocean Project Satellite oceanography Encyclopedia
		Chemical oceanography is a fundamental scientific domain seeking to understand the distribution of chemical elements in the marine environment and the factors that control it, as well as the various phenomena occurring in the oceans by means of chemical methodologies.
		Today, many global environment issues, such as global warming enhanced by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, and chemical pollution, are increasing and there are requirements to quickly forecast the future global environment.
		The main objectives of chemical oceanography research are to understand the matter characteristics, including marine organisms, to clarify the material flux mechanisms of the oceans, and to determine the role of oceans in the preservation of the global environment from a chemical standpoint.
	kuroshio.eorc.jaxa.jp /Ocean/en_e/sea_che_e.html (755 words)

	Oceanography
		Oceanography is the study of the marine environment and its interactions with the earth, the biosphere, and the atmosphere.
		Chemical Oceanography investigates the complex chemistry, distribution and cycling of dissolved substances, nutrients, and gases in seawater, the mechanisms controlling them and their origins and fates.
		Physical Oceanography endeavors to understand and predict motions in the sea from millimeters through tidal and current scales to the great ocean gyres, the distribution of physical properties (temperature, salinity, sea ice), and air-sea interaction and its implications for climate.
	www.washington.edu /students/gencat/academic/oceanography.html (2709 words)

	Careers in Oceanography
		Since the study of oceanography often examines in detail all the different disciplines of oceanography, it is often described as being an interdisciplinary science, or one covering all the disciplines of science as they apply to the oceans.
		Since oceanography is such a new science (with much room left for new discoveries) most people enter the field with an advanced degree (master’s or doctorate).
		Chemical oceanographers and marine geochemists investigate the chemical composition of seawater and its interaction with the atmosphere and the sea floor.
	www.palomar.edu /oceanography/links/Careers.html (1419 words)

	Oceanography Defined - Resources - OceanWorld
		Biological Oceanography is concerned with the interactions of populations of marine organisms with one another and with their physical and chemical environment.
		Physical Oceanography is the study of the physical processes in the ocean and the interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere.
		Chemical Oceanography is the study of chemical processes in the ocean.
	oceanworld.tamu.edu /resources/definitions.htm (351 words)

	Active Skim View of: Achievements in Chemical Oceanography
		Descriptive Chemical Oceanography ' + 'Shifts Toward Quantifying Rates The decade also heralded a significant move from the use of chemical measurements for descriptive oceanography to the ' + 'initiation of the use of chemical measurements to quantify rates of oceanic processes.
		Marine Radioactivity and Chemicals of Environmental ' + 'Concern Chemical oceanographers, marine chemists and geochemists, physicists, geologists, biologists, and ecologists intensified the investigation of ' + 'the invasion of radioactive fallout into the oceans and also provided preliminary assessments of the use of artificial radionuclides as tracers of oceanic ' + 'processes.
		Many other prominent chemical oceanographers and marine geochemists ' + 'were fully funded by the Office of Naval Research and by the Atomic Energy Commission and thus may not have had the time or the inclination to submit a ' + 'proposal to NSF in the early days of the 1950s.
	www.nap.edu /nap-cgi/skimit.cgi?isbn=0309063981&chap=22-43 (8723 words)

	Chemical Oceanography Program Requirements
		Chemical oceanographers study the chemical composition of seawater and how it is affected by physical mixing processes and by interactions with the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the sediments and rocks which form the seafloor.
		Students may also specialize in the organic chemistry of seawater and sediments, physical chemistry of seawater, geochemistry of natural and artificial radionuclides, photochemical reactions in seawater, air-sea chemical interactions, and the chemical cycling of elements important to biological systems such as carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen.
		Electives serve to strengthen the student's grasp of oceanography and of the sciences basic to oceanography, and are a preparation for individual research.
	www.gso.uri.edu /academics/chemoceanog.html (423 words)

	GreenBiz \| Business Toolbox \| Career Tools
		Oceanography is a broad field that includes a number of sciences with the common goal of understanding the oceans.
		Chemical Oceanography - the study of the composition of seawater, its processes and cycles - current and historical, and the chemical exchanges between atmosphere and ocean.
		Geological oceanography - the study of the earth at the land/sea margin and below its surface, and the history of the processes that formed the ocean basins, continents and islands such as plate tectonics, volcanoes and earthquakes.
	www.greenbiz.com /jobs/careerfaq_details.cfm?LinkAdvID=9124 (677 words)

	Oceanography - Chemical Oceanography
		Chemical Oceanography is the study of constituents of seawater including the processes that supply, remove, and transform them within the oceans.
		As such, it includes study of chemical interactions between the ocean, its underlying sediments and overlying atmosphere, and deciphering the history of marine processes over short and long time scales.
		The blue tanks had been used to hold a solution of sulphur hexafluoride used to mark the patch of fertilized water.
	oceanography.dal.ca /ocean_1412.html (133 words)

	Graduate Studies in Chemical Oceanography at COAS, Oregon State University
		Graduate education in the Chemical Oceanography program incorporates course work and research in descriptive, analytical, and theoretical chemistry and in parts of biological, physical, and geological oceanography, reflecting the broad interdisciplinary nature of this field.
		Students are expected and encouraged to participate in all aspects of chemical oceanographic research, from formulation of initial questions and experimental designs, through development and operation of analytical equipment in the laboratory and at sea, to data analysis and subsequent presentation and publication of results.
		Chemical oceanography students at OSU have access to a wide variety of research environments ranging from alpine lakes in the nearby Cascade mountains to hydrothermal systems located conveniently off the coast of Oregon.
	www.coas.oregonstate.edu /index.cfm?fuseaction=content.display&pageID=500 (522 words)

	Read about Chemical oceanography at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Chemical oceanography and learn about Chemical ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Research Chemical oceanography and learn about Chemical oceanography here!
		Chemical oceanography is the study of the behaviour of the
		Another important area of study in chemical oceanography is the behaviour of
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Chemical_oceanography (151 words)

	Oceanography 1996-97 General Catalog
		The oceanography minor is intended for students with extensive background in the sciences.
		Biological, chemical, geological, and physical aspects of the oceans and their significance to humans; problems of modern oceanography.
		Multidisciplinary examination of physical, chemical, biological and geological aspects of marine environment and relationship of humans with the sea.
	coursecat.sdsu.edu /9697/OCEAN.html (509 words)

	2006-2007 UAF Catalog
		Students considering graduate study in oceanography should have a strong background in physics, chemistry, biology, geology or mathematics, and a working familiarity with the other subjects.
		However, a candidate for the Ph.D. degree in oceanography (biological, chemical, fisheries, geological, and physical oceanography) will be expected to have completed course work at least equivalent to that required for the corresponding M.S. degree.
		Note: Students are admitted to the graduate program in marine sciences and limnology on the basis of their ability and the capability of the program to meet their particular interests and needs.
	www.uaf.edu /catalog/current/programs/oceanography.html (376 words)

	UiB >> Prospective Students >> Courses/ Programmes >> Geosciences >> Master's Programme ...
		Chemical oceanography focuses on chemical substances in the oceans and their importance for the greenhouse-gas-regulating ocean.
		One important branch of chemical oceanography is the use of tracers (radiometric, transient and natural substances) to improve our understanding of the sensitivity of the climate system, ocean mixing (isopycnal and diapycnal mixing), circulation and residence time in the ocean (thermohaline circulation).
		There are strong links between the inorganic carbon cycle and ecosystems, and an important theme in chemical oceanography is as well to evaluate the consequences of changes in these systems.
	prospective.uib.no /?link_id=640&sublink_id=&toplink_id=22&mode=show_page&content_id=693&modus=vis_studieprogram&spraak=engelsk&kode=MAMN-GFKJ (634 words)

	Program
		This non-research distance-learning degree is aimed at off-campus students who have an interest in oceanography and coastal & marine studies and who wish to pursue a Bachelor of Science degree.
		This degree is ideal for those students whose career interests require a basic understanding of oceanography but who do not plan on pursuing a traditional research based master's or doctoral program in oceanography.
		The oceanography program at UWF is an interdisciplinary effort between the departments of Biology and Environmental Studies.
	uwf.edu /oceanography/program (197 words)

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