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Topic: Chemical resonance

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	Resonance (chemistry) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Resonance contributors for the same molecule all have the same chemical formula and same sigma framework, but the pi electrons will be distributed differently among the atoms.
		Resonance occurs because of the overlap of orbitals.
		Resonance should also not be confused with a chemical equilibrium or tautomerism which are equilibria between distinct compounds that have different sigma bonding patterns.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Resonance_(chemistry) (892 words)

	Kostas Gavroglu and Ana Simões : The Americans, the Germans, and the beginnings of quantum chemistry: The ...
		With an eye to future chemical applications Mulliken remarked that, besides their purely theoretical importance, a knowledge of the numerous excited states and chemically unstable molecules was indispensable in deducing the electron configurations for stable molecules and the intermediate steps in chemical reactions.
		The chemical behavior of molecules was the primary concern of the pragmatic chemist, rather than the imposition of an electronic notation complicated by metaphysical speculations.
		Mulliken suggested that chemical binding could best be understood in terrms of quantum numbers of individual electrons and their changes in moving from the united atom to the molecule, as well as in tenns of the energy relations resulting when going from the separated atoms to the molecule.
	www.quantum-chemistry-history.com /Simo_Dat/AmerGerm/AmerGerm3.htm (13261 words)

	Glossary
		Chemicals which are not consumed in a reaction, but, which speed up the reaction rate are called catalysts.
		Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a method for growing solids in which a gaseous precursor (containing fragments of the desired solid) is decomposed and deposited onto a desired surface.
		One way molecules can be represented is by a chemical formula where symbols for the elements are used to indicate the types of atoms present and subscripts are used to indicate the relative numbers of atoms.
	www.chem.wisc.edu /~newtrad/CurrRef/Glossary/Glossary.html (3551 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - dating
		These techniques are based upon the measurement of radioactive processes (radiocarbon; potassium-argon, uranium-lead, thorium-lead, etc.; fission track; thermoluminescence; optically stimulated luminescence; and electron-spin resonance), chemical processes (amino-acid racemization and obsidian hydration), and the magnetic properties of igneous material, baked clay, and sedimentary deposits (paleomagnetism).
		Thermoluminescence, used in dating archaeological material such as pottery, is based on the luminescence produced when a solid is heated; that is, electrons freed during radioactive decay and trapped in the crystal lattice are released by heating, resulting in luminescence.
		Chemical dating methods are based on predictable chemical changes that occur over time.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/d/dating.asp (2269 words)

	Oldfield Group Website
		Chemical shifts in proteins: A shielding trajectory analysis of the fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the Escherichia coli galactose binding protein using a multipole shielding polarizability-local reaction field-molecular dynamics approach.
		Chemical shifts in proteins: An ab initio study of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shielding in glycine, alanine and valine residues.
		An ab initio quantum chemical investigation of carbon-13 NMR shielding tensors in glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, serine and threonine: comparisons between helical and sheet tensors, and the effects of _1 on shielding.
	feh.scs.uiuc.edu /publications.php (7779 words)

	Noninvasive measurement of temperature and fractional dissociation of imidazole in human lower leg muscles using ...
		Chemical shift of the imidazole C-2 proton in carnosine relative to creatine methyl protons.
		B: chemical shift as a function of pH at 20, 30, 40°C. Calculated data with the regression line in A are shown as points, and the curve results from a fit of the calculated data to Eq.
		chemical shift relative to the methyl signal of creatine.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/98/1/282 (3426 words)

	Microwave enhanced CVD method and apparatus - Patent 6677001
		The plasma chemical vapor reaction method according to claim 1 wherein said substrate is arranged in said reaction chamber so that a major surface of said substrate is orthogonal to the direction of propagation of the microwaves.
		The plasma chemical vapor reaction method according to claim 6 wherein said substrate is arranged in said reaction chamber so that a major surface of said substrate is orthogonal to the direction of propagation of the microwaves.
		The excited plasma is extracted from the resonating space, by means of a divergent magnetic field, to a deposition space which is located distant from the resonating space and in which is disposed a substrate to be coated.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6677001.html (4403 words)

	RHODONINE, THE CHROMOPHORE(S) OF BIOLOGICAL VISION
		In conjugated molecules, this resonance is frequently described as a dipole resonance to suggest that the molecule resonates as a rigid body.
		Both the dipole-molecular and the quantum-mechanical resonance modes of absorption are dependent on the physical length and rigidity of the molecular backbone of the molecule.
		The relatively crude chemical laboratory techniques used in the 1930-60's were not compatible with the study of the rhodopsin complex or the recovery of the chromophores of vision.
	www.4colorvision.com /files/rhodonine.htm (2517 words)

	References
		Z Chen, Chen Z. W., and Zhong J. Observation and characterization of intermolecular homonuclear single-quantum coherences in liquid nuclear magnetic resonance.
		Dynamical instabilities in liquid nuclear magnetic resonance experiments with large nuclear magnetization, with and without pulsed field gradients.
		Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy in liquids using the dipolar field.
	www.cmrr.umn.edu /~corum/references.html (4467 words)

	CHEMICAL KINETICS DIVISION
		Chemical reactions in organic molecular-organized systems; the kinetics and mechanism of processes of atoms and small clusters of metals with different organic and inorganic ligands.
		The theoretical and experimental peculiarities of the chemical transformations at low (200-77 K) temperatures, place and role of cryochemistry in the development of science and techniques are considered.
		The basic purpose is to give the students the foundations of the formal chemical kinetics, to supply them with practical skills in treatment of experimental data for simple and complex chemical reactions, including chain reactions.
	www.chem.msu.su /eng/chair/kinet.html (534 words)

	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
		The NMR chemical shift formalism was worked out by Robert Ditchfield in 1974 (Mol.
		The main problem with calculating NMR shifts at the time was something called gauge dependence: As you know, NMR spectra are obtained by placing the sample to be tested in an external magnetic field.
		In the above equation, sigma is the chemical shift; the subscript B refers to any of the nuclei in the molecule, and alpha and beta are each of the three Cartesian directions x, y, or z.
	freitag.creighton.edu /research/NMR (601 words)

	Group member home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		J. Homola: On the sensitivity of surface plasmon resonance sensors with spectral interrogation, Sensors and Actuators B 41,207 - 211 (1997).
		R. Slavík, J. Homola, J. Čtyroký: Miniaturization of fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor, Sensors and Actuators B 51, 311-315 (1998).
		J. Homola: Chemical fiber optic sensor employing surface plasmon excitation, 2nd European Conference on Optical Chemical Sensors and Biosensors, Firenze, Italy, April 1994.
	plazmon.ure.cas.cz /homola (2859 words)

	Chemical-shift MR Imaging of Acetic Acid during Percutaneous Chemical Ablation Therapy: Preliminary Work -- Roberts et ...
		protons resonate at a chemical shift of approximately -2.7 ppm,
		The resonance peak of the methyl protons (circled, open arrow) of the acetic acid is shifted approximately -2.7 ppm (-170 Hz at 1.5 Tesla) from the water peak (solid arrow).
		Hz from the water resonance, as shown in Figure 1.
	www.jvir.org /cgi/content/full/13/10/1055 (2399 words)

	SEOCAL: Bibliography of Publications on Microwave Plasma Applications
		Microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW-PECVD) is considered as one of the most successful growth techniques in recent diamond and crystalline carbon nitride investigations.
		The electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method is used to prepare ferroelectric PbTiO3 films.
		The variations of preferred orientation, degree of c-axis orientation and film morphology with process temperature, MO source supply ratio and substrate are also examined.
	www.seocal.com /bibliography.html (9112 words)

	The Tom Bearden Website
		The matter may be chemicals, nuclear materials, living cells, and the like, and the results of the interactions may be the time-reversal of the matter to a previous state, or the application of a chosen delta to the matter's current state, so as to effect desired chemical reactions, nuclear reactions, or biological changes, respectively.
		Many complex chemical interactions could be enhanced and eased in this manner, and chemical interactions impossible in the conventional chemistry can be produced, as we detail in some of the embodiments of this invention, to be discussed later.
		Furthermore, chemicals and nuclear reactions may be selectively altered within the time-reversal zone to render harmful substances harmless, hasten their decay, or otherwise alter the substances.
	www.cheniere.org /patent%20application/claim.htm (16713 words)

	Technical Presentations by Dr. Michael J. Kurylo
		"Flash Photolysis Resonance Fluorescence Investigation of the Reactions H + C2H4 and H + C2H5", Washington Area Colloquium on Photochemistry and Kinetics, Washington, DC (December, 1970).
		"An Overview of U.S. Laboratory Research In Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Chemical Kinetics", Workshop on the Modeling and Chemistry of the Ozone Layer, Leningrad, USSR (September, 1990).
		The Atmospheric Importance of Methyl Bromide", briefing of the Chemical Manufacturer's Association Panel on Methyl Bromide, CMA Headquarters, Washington, DC (February, 1991).
	www.nist.gov /kinetics/kurylo/mjk_talks.html (3082 words)

	Chemical Bonding Concept/Skills Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		The actual form of a molecule having resonance structures is like a central party in politics, a moderate denomination in religion, the liquid state of matter, or mixing red and blue liquids.
		However, the concept to be conveyed by the idea of resonance is that the actual molecule for which resonance is possible is none and yet all of the extreme or orthodox forms.
		It is and intermediate among resonance forms that we are able to define and draw.
	www.okstate.edu /jgelder/bondpage25.html (595 words)

	Calculation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shift Anisotropy Tensors I. Influence of Basis Set on the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Abstract: The influence of changes in the contracted Gaussian basis set used for ab initio calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phosphorous chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensors was investigated.
		The isotropic chemical shift and chemical shift anisotropy were found to converge with increasing complexity of the basis set at the Hartree-Fock (HF) level.
		The addition of d polarization function on the phosphorous nuclei was found to have a major impact of the calculated chemical shift, but...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /356386.html (337 words)

	Untitled Document
		R. Slavík, J. Homola, J. Ctyroký: Miniaturization of fiber optic surface plasmon resonance sensor, Sensors and Actuators B 51, 311-315 (1998).
		R. Slavík, J. Homola, J. Ctyroký: Single-mode optical fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor, Sensors and Actuators B 54, 74-79 (1999).
		Ctyroký, J. Homola: Fibre Optic Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with a Fiber Bragg Grating, PHOTONICS PRAGUE'99, 21- 23 June 1999, Prague, Czech Republic, to be published in Proc.
	www.ee.washington.edu /research/spr/jirih.htm (2641 words)

	pag_eng_Rossi
		Full professor of Physical Chemistry since 1994 at the University of Siena,Dept. of Chemical and Biosystems Sciences.Prof.Rossi has performed research in the United States as an assistant researcher at the Dept. of Biochemistry of the University of Wisconsin at Madison (1981) and as an associate professor at the Dept.
		Journal of Chemical Society Faraday Transaction I, 77, 2361 (1981).
		74) C.Rossi, A.Donati, M.P.Picchi, M.R.Sansoni, G.Corbini and P.Corti: "Proton and carbon chemical shift assignment and dynamic investigation of the macrolide antibiotic: tylosin".
	www.unisi.it /ricerca/dip/stcb/pag_eng_Rossi.htm (2429 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Quantitation of Diagnostic Proteins in Burns and Wounds” NASA, Booksh (PI), Joint with Sierks (ASU) and Beaudoin (Purdue), July 2005 – June 2007, $450,000.
		“Chemical Sensors for Portable, Handheld Field Instruments,” D.M. Wilson*, Sean Hoyt, Jiri Janata, Louis Obando, and Karl Booksh, IEEE Sensors Journal, 1 256-274 (2001).
		“Fiber-optic-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors for the detection of toxic nerve agents,” K. Booksh, A. Prakash, Y.-C. Kim, J.-F. Masson, in SPIE Proceedings 5269 99-110 (2003).
	www.public.asu.edu /~booksh/karlsCV.htm (5476 words)

	Publications of Angel C. de Dios
		"Chemical shifts in proteins: an ab initio study of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shielding in glycine, alanine and valine."
		F chemical shielding in fluorobenzenes: Implications for chemical shifts in proteins."
		O chemical shifts and CO stretching frequency of carbon monoxide bound to Fe
	bouman.chem.georgetown.edu /pubs.html (1264 words)

	Untitled
		An ab initio quantum chemical investigation of carbon-13 NMR shielding tensors in glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, serine and threonine: Comparisons between helical and shett tensors and the effects of khi1 on shielding J.
		Assignment of 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of a D-mannan composed of.alpha.-(1.fwdarw.2) and.alpha.-(1.fwdarw.6) linkages obtained from Candida kefyr IFO 0586 strain Carbohydr.
		Veregin, R. P., Fyfe, C. A., Marchessault, R. H., and Taylor, M. Correlation of 13C chemical shifts with torsional angles from high resolution, 13C CP MAS NMR studies of crystalline cyclomalto-oligosaccharide complexes and their relation to the structures of the strach polymorphs.
	www.univ-lemans.fr /~mparis/biblioeng.htm (11868 words)

	Chemistry Journals
		Chemical Industries Newsletter (Chemical Business Research Division at SRI Consulting)
		Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus: Series of Chemical Sciences
		We will not be responsible for the copy right of the journals.
	chem.unipune.ernet.in /journals.html (161 words)

	Curriculum Vitae
		O chemical shifts and CO stretching frequency of carbon monoxide bound to Fe de Dios and E.M. Earle, J. Phys.
		Xe chemical shift of xenon occluded in zeolite CaA", C.J. Jameson, A.K. Jameson, A.C. de Dios and R.E. Gerald II
		March, 1996, Asilomar, CA, 37th Experimental NMR Conference, "Progress with protein chemical shifts", Hongbiao Le, R. Havlin, A.C. de Dios, D.D. Laws and J.G. Pearson, also, "An experimental and theoretical investigation of chemical shifts and shielding tensors in inorganic, bioinorganic and organometallic solids", M. McMahon, R.
	bouman.chem.georgetown.edu /cv.html (2778 words)

	Electronic Structure And Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shift Of Solids And Surfaces (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Abstract: ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE CHEMICAL SHIFT OF SOLIDS AND SURFACES by Bernd Georg Pfrommer Doctor of Philosophy in Physics University of California at Berkeley Professor Steven G. Louie, Chair Several different topics related to the electronic structure of solids and surfaces are discussed in this thesis.
		With the quasi-Newton algorithm for relaxing crystal structures, and a new ab initio method to compute nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts,...
		1 Introduction to magnetic resonance (context) - Carrington, McLachlan - 1967
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /374107.html (426 words)

	Innovative Global Management through Metaphor
		In a world community characterized by distinct and often opposing views, the possibility of interrelating them so as to form the basis for an overarching structure, without denying the distinctness of those structures, can be usefully illustrated by a concept from chemistry.
		Chemical resonance hybrids are in fact basic to the molecular structures characteristic of living organisms.
		A total of 80 such examples have been explored in a special section in the Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential
	www.laetusinpraesens.org /docs/innoglob.php (6351 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Chemical bond resonance - WrongDiagnosis.com - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Medical Dictionary: Chemical bond resonance - WrongDiagnosis.com - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Chemical bond resonance : molecular hybrid of two or more structures that differ only in the arrangement of electrons.
		By using this site you agree to our Terms of Use.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/chemical_bond_resonance_printer.htm (133 words)

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