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Topic: Chemiluminescence

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	Chemiluminescence K-12 Experiments for Lesson Plans & Science Fair Projects
		Chemiluminescence is the generation of electromagnetic radiation as light, without heat, by the release of energy from a chemical reaction.
		Chemoluminescence (sometimes "chemiluminescence") is the emission of light (luminescence) as the result of a chemical reaction.
		Enzymatic Chemiluminescence (ECL) is a common technique for a variety of detection assays in biology.
	www.juliantrubin.com /encyclopedia/chemistry/chemiluminescence.html (1286 words)

	Chemiluminescence of lanthanide beta-diketonates in the reaction with 1,2-dioxetane
		Chemiluminescence of lanthanide beta-diketonates in the reaction with 1,2-dioxetane
		The quenching of adamantanone chemiluminescence by ytterbium beta-diketonates Yb(TTA)
		The chemiluminescence spectra of samarium(III), dysprosium(III), terbium(III) and europium(III) chelates excited by decomposition of 1,2-dioxetane AAD in toluene at 90 C. All emission peaks are due to the ff-transitions of lanthanide(III) ions.
	lanthanides.tripod.com /ln-cl.html (958 words)

	Compounds for generating chemiluminescence with a peroxidase - Patent 6858733
		Chemiluminescent detection of these enzymes offers a safe, convenient and sensitive means of measuring the amount of enzyme in a sample or the amount of an enzyme-labeled analyte or labeled specific binding partner for an analyte.
		Chemiluminescence emission was initiated by addition of 100.mu.L of the reagent to 10.mu.L of solutions of HRP containing between 1.4.times.10.sup.-16 and 1.4.times.10.sup.-20 moles of enzyme in the wells of a white microplate.
		The label enzyme is detected by chemiluminescence using a compound of the present invention as the chemiluminescent assay using a reagent of the invention.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6858733.html (10300 words)

	Using a BioTek Fluorescence Microplate Reader for Chemiluminescence Detection \| Application Notes
		Chemiluminescence is a highly sensitive technique that has been employed in a wide variety of applications primarily in the biological sciences.
		Chemiluminescence, on the other hand, does not require the input of exogenous light, but rather utilizes the energy contained within specific chemical reactions to provide the necessary energy.
		The chemiluminescence of ß-galactosidase reactions was determined for ß-galactosidase enzyme concentrations ranging from 0 to 1000 µg/ml after a 5-minute incubation.
	www.biotek.com /products/tech_res_detail.php?id=56 (2038 words)

	Introduction to Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence Measurements
		Chemiluminescence is the light emitted by a chemical reaction and bioluminescence is a type of chemiluminescence in which the chemical reaction is catalyzed by an enzyme.
		Photons, packets of light, emitted from bioluminescent and chemiluminescent reactions are typically measured using a luminometer.
		Some chemiluminescent reactions have a very high temperature coefficient (rate of change of emitted light as a function of temperature) and are therefore extremely sensitive to temperature fluctuations.
	www.turnerbiosystems.com /doc/appnotes/998_2620.php (3186 words)

	Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Different Flavonoids by the Chemiluminescence Method
		Chemiluminescence was measured for 10 minutes at 25°C with an Autolumat LB953 apparatus (EG and G Berthold, Gaithersburg, MD).
		Analyzing the percent results of chemiluminescence inhibition versus concentration, we observed that it was not possible to match the dose responses with the different raw materials employed as these samples contained different flavonoids, which can show varying antioxidant activity resulting from different grades of purity as well as from possible chemiluminescence enhancers or inhibitors.
		Chemiluminescence is a quick, sensitive, and widely used method to measure antioxidant activity of several compounds.
	www.aapsj.org /view.asp?art=ps050220 (1966 words)

	Chemiluminescence Spectroscopy
		Chemiluminescence, like atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), uses quantitative measurements of the optical emission from excited chemical species to determine analyte concentration; however, unlike AES, chemiluminescence is usually emission from energized molecules instead of simply excited atoms.
		Though liquid phase chemiluminescence plays a significant role in laboratories using this analytical technique (often in conjunction with liquid chromatography), we will concentrate on gas phase chemiluminescence reactions since the instrumental components are somewhat simpler.
		In gas phase chemiluminescence, the light emission (represented as Planck's constant times nu-the light's frequency) is produced by the reaction of an analyte (dimethyl sulfide in the above example) and a strongly oxidizing reagent gas such as fluorine (in the example above) or ozone, for instance.
	www.shsu.edu /~chemistry/chemiluminescence/CLUMIN.html (543 words)

	General Info About Chemiluminescence
		Chemiluminescence is the generation of electromagnetic radiation as light by the release of energy from a chemical reaction.
		Chemiluminescent and bioluminescent reactions usually involve the cleavage or fragmentation of the O-O bond an organic peroxide compound.
		In order to achieve the highest levels of sensitivity, a chemiluminescent reaction must be as efficient as possible in generating photons of light.
	www.lumigen.com /documents/chemexplained.shtml (434 words)

	Lipid Chemiluminescence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Chemiluminescence occurs mainly in reactions of aromatic compounds, and is generally weak.
		assays for antioxidant capacity, e.g., by the duration of extinction of chemiluminescence, are used for the detection of oxidative stress in human disease.
		Phenylhydrazine and its nitro-derivatives in the presence of an ancillary reductant are chemiluminescent on oxidation with acidified permanganate.
	www.canadalane.demon.co.uk /summary2.html (507 words)

	Chemiluminescence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Chemiluminescence occurs when an energy—releasing reaction produces a molecule in an electronically excited state and that molecule, as it returns to the ground state, releases its energy as a photon of light.
		Chemiluminescence also occurs in the liquid and solid phases, as illustrated by the following laboratory procedure.
		The chemiluminescent process is distinctly different from the photoluminescent processes fluorescence and phosphorescence, both of which occur after the excited state of a molecule is produced from its ground state by the absorption of light energy.
	www.kyantec.com /Tips/Chemiluminescence.htm (687 words)

	Millipore - Technical Library - Rapid Immunodetection Method on Immobilon-P Using Chemiluminescence
		Recently, chemiluminescence as a detection method for blotting has grown more widespread due to the demand for increased sensitivity.
		The general protocol for the chemiluminescent Rapid Immunodetection Method is outlined in Table 1.
		The ECL substrate reacts with the horseradish peroxidase and ultimately determines the location of the transferrin band on the Immobilon-P. Using the chemiluminescent Rapid Immunodetection Method, the transferrin was detected in serum dilutions between 1:163,840 and 1:327,680 (Fig.1, Table 2).
	www.millipore.com /publications.nsf/docs/TN051 (1703 words)

	GlowSpace - Classroom Discussion Description of Chemiluminescence
		Chemiluminescence is the process whereby energy from a chemical reaction is released directly as light without the involvement of heat or flame.
		Chemiluminescence is not similar to fluorescence (neon signs), phosphorescence (glow in the dark toys), or incandescence (light bulbs), but most similar to bioluminescence.
		The main importance of chemiluminescence is in the fact that it is a cold system.
	www.glowspace.com /classroom.htm (919 words)

	The Chemiluminescence of Luminol - Introduction
		Chemiluminescence is the production of light from a chemical reaction in excess of the fl body radiation expected from that body.
		Normally, chemiluminescence involves the production of an electronically excited species from a number of reactants which goes on to release visible light in order to revert to its ground state energy.
		1928: Albrecht is attributed with the discovery and characterisation of the chemiluminescence of luminol
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /webprojects2002/fleming/intro.htm (554 words)

	EPA - Air - OAQPS - APTI - Air Pollution Control - Chemiluminescence
		Chemiluminescence methods for determining components of gases originated with the need for highly sensitive means for determining atmospheric pollutants such as ozone, oxides of nitrogen, and sulfur compounds.
		Chemiluminescence is based upon the emission spectrum of an excited species that is formed in the course of a chemical reaction.
		In this instance, the determination is based upon the luminescence produced when ozone reacts chemically with the dye rhodamine-B absorbed on an activated silica gel surface or with ethylene.
	www.epa.gov /air/oaqps/eog/course422/ce4b2.html (298 words)

	Chemiluminescence - Light without Heat
		Reactions that produce light without heat are called chemiluminescent reactions.
		Perhaps the most familiar chemiluminescent reactions are those that occur in living organisms.
		Chemiluminescent reactions that occur in living organisms are called bioluminescent reactions.
	scifun.chem.wisc.edu /HOMEEXPTS/Chemilum.html (463 words)

	Spectroscopy - Chemiluminescence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		To see the difference between an atomic emission spectrum (helium light) and a complex molecular spectrum (chemiluminescence).
		Chemiluminescence is a chemical reaction that produces light.
		The spectum of chemiluminescence is from energized molecules, not from excited atoms like from the helium source.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~mpeterso/classes/phys301/projects/sastiltn/glow.html (265 words)

	RPAC Group - New Reagents for Peroxyoxalate Chemiluminescence
		Chemiluminescence is emission of light due to reactions of energy-rich analytes or intermediates, and emerges from a totally dark background.
		In that paper we were able to demonstrate that 1,1'-Oxalyldiimidazole [ODI] is a key intermediate in PO-CL chemistries involving imidazole as "catalyst", and that the reagent can be synthesised and used as such.
		A paper describing the prerequisites for using ODI as a reagent for post-column chemiluminescence reaction detection in HPLC is also in the works.
	www.anachem.umu.se /rpac/PO-CL.html (195 words)

	Chemiluminescence - The Science of Spectroscopy
		Chemiluminescence is a rare phenomenon which, as the name implies, produces light from a chemical reaction.
		Because of the limited number of compounds which exhibit chemiluminescence, it is not as widespread as other luminescence techniques, although it is an important reaction for some very important environmental components such as ozone and nitrogen monoxide because of its extreme sensitivity (ppb).
		One example reaction often used to demonstrate this technique is luminol, shown below which undergoes chemiluminescence with peroxides or oxygen to produce a blue colored emission.
	scienceofspectroscopy.info /edit/index.php?title=Chemiluminescence (105 words)

	McPherson, Inc. - Model 660 HPLC Chemiluminescence Detector
		Featuring a unique spiral flow cell design which places the mixing point directly in front of the highly sensitive detector, this system detects the fastest and least energetic events - it is the most sensitive even in relation to other CL detectors - since reactions take place directly in front of the detector.
		Chemiluminescent emission is due to an exothermic reaction causing a strong fluorophore, to be excited.
		Quantum efficiency for chemiluminescent reactions is related to the product of two efficiencies; the fraction of molecules that produce an excited molecule and the luminescent efficiency.
	www.mcphersoninc.com /hplcdetectors/model660description.htm (638 words)

	Chemiluminescence Definitions and Primer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One is via photon emission (chemiluminescence); another is by losing energy through collisions with other particles.
		This is why most gas phase chemiluminescence reactions are performed at low pressures; this increases the amount of energy released via photon emission by decreasing the amount of collisional deactivation.
		The much larger world of liquid phase chemiluminescence is described on these hypertext pages.
	www.shsu.edu /~chm_tgc/chemilumdir/Define.html (322 words)

	Process for HPLC-chemiluminescence detection of non-volatile N-nitroso compounds - Patent 5366900
		The TEA is a modified chemiluminescence detector which relies on the thermal cleavage of the N-N bond producing a nitric oxide (NO) radical.
		The nitric oxide is carried to the reaction chamber of the chemiluminescence detector by the helium carrier gas and reacted with ozone, thus producing the chemiluminescence reaction.
		Referring next to the irradiation source that effects the breakdown of the N-nitroso bonds to generate NO for detection in a chemiluminescence detector, like the reactor tube, the uv source is one that provide radiation of from about 190 to about 500 millimicrons with a preferred range of 280 to 430 millimicrons.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5366900.html (5026 words)

	Protocol-Chemiluminescence Assay
		Although the FACS-based assay is important for characterization at the single cell level of live cells expressing beta-gal chimeric proteins, it is difficult to prepare more than about 150 samples at a time for FACS analysis.
		If wells are to be treated for different times, the start of treatment must vary so that all treatments in a given plate end at the same time, or the different timepoints must be on separate plates.
		All readings, especially if multiple plates are used, are made in the period of time in which the chemiluminescence has plateaued, which is typically in the 45 minute to 2 hour range.
	www.stanford.edu /group/blau/protocols/chemilumprotocol.html (647 words)

	Shedding Light on Chemiluminescence: The Application of Chemiluminescence in Diagnostic Andrology -- Aitken et al. 25 ...
		Encircled area indicates that luminol-dependent chemiluminescence can vary by a log order of magnitude in the absence of detectable leukocyte contamination, emphasizing the underlying contribution of spermatozoa to the luminol signals obtained.
		Relationship between the intensity of the PMA (12-myristate, 13-acetate phorbol ester)–induced chemiluminescent signals generated in leukocyte-free sperm suspensions recovered from the low-density region of Percoll gradients and the quality of the original semen profile.
		Gyllenhammar H. Lucigenin chemiluminescence in the assessment of neutrophil superoxide generation.
	www.andrologyjournal.org /cgi/content/full/25/4/455 (5108 words)

	Syngene - gel documentation and analysis systems, chemiluminescence imaging, gel documentation, gel imaging, ...
		Chemiluminescence is acknowledged as one of the fastest emerging applications in the field of molecular biology.
		Syngene has developed dedicated systems for the exclusive capture of chemiluminescent blots.
		The GeneGnome is a stand alone system developed specifically to meet the new and rigorous demands of chemiluminescent detection.
	www.syngene.com /html/chemiluminescence.html (135 words)

	Technology: Chemiluminescence
		Chemiluminescence is defined as the emission of ultraviolet, visible, or near-infrared radiation through the chemical excitation of a reacting species.
		In most cases of chemiluminescence, a chemical reaction results in an excited product that emits radiation upon relaxation to its ground electronic state.
		A detector having these two desirable features for detection of nitrogen compounds is the nitrogen chemiluminescence detector (NCD) based on the chemiluminescent reaction of ozone with NO or other unknown species produced by the oxidative and reductive reactions inside the electrical furnace.
	www.cianalytics.com /technolo/chemilum.htm (281 words)

	ISBC - International Society for Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence
		International Symposium on Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence was arranged and hosted by Aldo Roda (Bologna University), a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the International Society for Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence (ISBC).
		Session A was focused on the chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics of chemiluminescence (CL) and bioluminescence (BL).
		In particular, it included contributions on the development of new CL substrates and the elucidation of the mechanisms of CL reactions, and presentations on the structure and function of different luciferases and their reaction mechanisms.
	www.isbc.unibo.it /Files/10_SY_sympinfo.htm (1193 words)

	Chemiluminescence of oxalate esters.
		DNPO - a Chemiluminescent Rainbow (Chemiluminescence of oxalate esters).
		Whereas most chemiluminescence reactions involve emission from a reaction intermediate derived from one of the reagents, the peroxyoxalate reaction transfers energy to a variety of fluorescent molecules, which in turn emit light during relaxation from the first singlet excited state. The general reaction scheme can be represented by:
		B.Z. Shakhashiri, L.G. Williams, G.E. Dirreen and A. Francis, “A cool-light chemiluminescence”, J.
	www.chem.leeds.ac.uk /delights/texts/VV_exp_26.htm (359 words)

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