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Chemoautotrophic and Chemolithotrophic Bacteria as Weathering Agents | World of Earth Science   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Chemoautotrophic bacteria and chemolithotrophic bacteria obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic (non-carbon) compounds. Regardless, chemoautotrophs and chemolithotrophs do not usually face competition from other microorganisms, so the energy they are able to obtain is sufficient to sustain their existence. The ability of chemoautotrophic and chemolithotrophic bacteria to thrive through the energy gained by inorganic processes is the basis for the metabolic activities of the socalled extremophiles. www.bookrags.com /research/chemoautotrophic-and-chemolithotrop-woes-01   (661 words)

chemoautotrophic bacteria -- chemoautotrophic bacteria (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Chemoautotrophic bacteria are able to use the energy of chemicals within the vent water to synthesize the carbon compounds they require to grow and reproduce. Phylum Proteobacteria Purple Subgroup Chemoautotrophic Subgroup Chemoheterotrophic Subgroup... worm, the -proteobacterial symbiont is a chemoautotrophic sulfide-oxidizer and the -proteobacterial... www.bacteriaalive.com.cob-web.org:8888 /chemoautotrophicbacteria   (2959 words)

System and method for removing contaminants from water - Patent 6761823 The chemoautotrophic bacteria propagate in the presence of the oxygenated water and deposit certain of the contaminants on the bio-filtration media as by-products. wherein the chemoautotrophic bacteria include Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, the water is oxygenated by exposing the water to air and turbulence in an oxygenation vessel, the oxygenation vessel includes a housing with bio-filtration media to thereby create the turbulence in the water, and forming holes in the housing for exposing the water to air. The chemoautotrophic bacteria propagate in the presence of the oxygenated water and at least one of the ferrous iron and sulfide. www.freepatentsonline.com /6761823.html   (6517 words)

Charles R. Fisher Although chemoautotrophic symbiosis were first discovered in the animals found around the rather exotic environments of deep-sea hydrothermal vents, we now realize that this type of association is wide-spread in the marine environment. The discovery and subsequent study of chemoautotrophic symbioses and communities has caught the interest of both the general public and the scientific community, and new associations, and communities are constantly being discovered and reported. The co-occurrence of methanotrophic and chemoautotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterial symbionts in a deep-sea mussel. www.bio.psu.edu /People/Faculty/Fisher/fisher.htm   (2645 words)

Chemotroph - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Chemoautotrophs (or chemotrophic autotroph), in addition to deriving energy from chemical reactions, synthesize all necessary organic compounds from carbon dioxide. Evolutionary scientists believe that the first organisms to inhabit Earth were chemoautotrophs that produced oxygen as a by-product and later evolved into both aerobic, animal-like organisms and photosynthetic, plant-like organisms. Chemoautotrophs generally fall into several groups: methanogens, halophiles, sulfur reducers, nitrifiers, anammoxbacteria and thermoacidophiles. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chemotroph   (207 words)

Thomas C. Kane Chemoautotrophic bacteria in these mats are capable of fixing inorganic carbon using hydrogen sulfide as an energy source. Analyses of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes has shown that this chemoautotrophic production is the food base for 48 species of cave-adapted terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, 33 of which are endemic to this ecosystem. Current research, using radiolabeled isotopes, is attempting to assess the amount of productivity in the system and the efficiency of trophic transfer of the chemoautotrophic production to the invertebrate consumers. www.biology.uc.edu /faculty/kane/tom.htm   (277 words)

Hydrocarbon seeps, Peter R. Girguis, Ph.D.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Chemoautotrophic symbioses are often the dominant macrofauna at hydrothermal vents. Because Riftia pachyptila relies on a pH gradient between the internal milieu and the environment to sustain inorganic carbon acquisition for chemoautotrophic carbon fixation, the rapid elimination of protons is critical to sustaining carbon fixation. Nitrate acquisition by Riftia pachyptila and the symbiotic reduction to ammonia is the source of nitrogen for this association, and is sufficient to sustain the observed growth rates of Riftia pachyptila. www.oeb.harvard.edu /faculty/girguis/PRG_vent.htm   (363 words)

Chemoautotrophic & Heterotrophic Oxidation of Sulfur Their activities may be inhibited by the presence of easily degradable carbon sources (i.e. Changes in pH and SO as a function of time and treatment for chemoautotrophs in autoclaved soil. In this exercise, we will measure both the pH and the change in the SO -S concentration in order to compare two possible heterotrophic sulfur oxidation responses and the possible chemoautotrophic responses of our three soils. www.oznet.ksu.edu /ed_agron645/lab/645lab9.html   (567 words)

vent energy (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Chemoautotrophic bacteria utilize sulfur-containing inorganic compounds as an oxidizing substrate (Gage and Tyler 1990). The creation of organic molecules, similar to the chemoautotrophic bacteria, occurs in the endosybionts of the macrofauna (Gage and Tyler 1990). Chemicals in the ocean water are converted in the crust and hydrothermal vents. www.columbia.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /~rwb2103/vent/ventenergy.html   (89 words)

edu_cs_biology   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) As for hydrothermal vents, cold seep communities are sutained by chemoautotrophic bacteria. Metabolic processes of any living organism require a source of energy and a source of carbon for the production of organic compounds which are at the base of life. The chemoautotrophic bacteria of cold seeps are found both free living (as seen in the photograph above) and in symbiotic associations with invertebrates such as tube worms, mussels and clams. www.soc.soton.ac.uk /CHD/chess/education/edu_cs_biology.htm   (205 words)

American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Peaks in chemoautotrophic production (dark C fixation) extended over a depth range of 60 to 100 m below the O2/H2S interface during 10 cruises to the CARIACO (Carbon Retention in a Colored Ocean) times series station in the eastern Cariaco sub-basin. Suboxic chemoautotrophic production over this interval (27-159 mmole C/m2/d) varied from 0.1 to 3.3 times that of contemporaneous net primary production in the photic zone (Nov 96 to Nov 00) and from 3 to 35 times fluxes of sedimenting biogenic debris entering this horizon. Chemoautotrophic production was approximately 2.5 to 50 (mean = 11) times greater than heterotrophic bacterial production (measured by 3H-leucine) and 1.5 to 16 times greater than acetate uptake (mean = 3.3) in this layer. aslo.org /albuquerque2001/488.html   (292 words)

Bacteria Bacteria exhibit four types of metabolism or modes of nutrition: photoautotrophic, chemoautotrophic, photoheterotrophic, chemoheterotrophic. Chemoautotrophic bacteria utilize carbon dioxide and produce organic compounds using the energy in simple inorganic substances. Photoheterotrophic bacteria use sunlight as an energy source but their carbon must come from organic compounds, not CO Chemoheterotrophic bacteria include parasitic types that draw nutrition from living hosts, and saprobic types that obtain nutrition from products, wastes, or remains of other organisms. trc.ucdavis.edu /biosci10v/bis10v/week7/bacteriaintro.html   (388 words)

UHH: Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum - Ökologie   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Both species harbour chemoautotrophic bacterial endosymbionts in their gill tissues and were selected for studies on functional aspects of the symbioses using molecular biology and ultrastructural techniques. Characterisation of the chemoautotrophic bacteria and functional analyses of the symbioses Phylogenetic relationship to other chemoautotrophic endosymbionts are based on the analyses of the 16S ribosomal RNA genes, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /zim/oeko/aggiere/hydro_e.html   (717 words)

Differential Expression of the CO2 Fixation Operons of Rhodobacter sphaeroides by the Prr/Reg Two-Component System ... Spectra were obtained from cell extracts of cultures that were grown chemoautotrophically. Cells were cultured under three growth conditions: lanes 1 to 5, chemoautotrophic growth; lanes 6 to 9, photoheterotrophic growth; and lanes 10 to 13, photoautotrophic growth. For photoheterotrophic and photoautotrophic growth samples, 35 µg of protein was loaded onto sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, and for chemoautotrophic growth samples, 50 µg of protein was applied to gels. jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/184/23/6654   (5075 words)

American Scientist Online - Dirt Bugs   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Chemoautotrophic bacteria may be growing near warm geothermal zones far under the surface of Mars. Cornell researchers have unearthed chemoautotrophic bacteria at the bottom of a 7,000-foot, aseptic well. Scientists in Washington state have recovered chemoautotrophic bacteria growing in basalt. www.americanscientist.org /template/BookReviewTypeDetail/assetid/15708   (545 words)

Biology Department   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Scott, K.M. (2003) A d13C-based carbon flux model for the hydrothermal vent chemoautotrophic symbiosis Riftia pachyptila predicts sizeable CO2 gradients at the host-symbiont interface. Robinson, J.J., Scott, K.M., Swanson, S.T., O'Leary, M.H., Horken, K., Tabita, F.R., and Cavanaugh, C.M. (2003) Kinetic isotope effect and characterization of form II RubisCO from the chemoautotrophic endosymbionts of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. Scott, K.M., Fisher, C.R., Vodenichar, J.S., Nix, E., and Minnich, E. (1994) Inorganic carbon and temperature requirements for autotrophic carbon fixation by the chemoautotrophic symbionts of the giant hydrothermal vent tube worm, Riftia pachyptila. www.cas.usf.edu /biology/Faculty/scott.htm   (500 words)

Inter Research » MEPS » v295 » p183-190 ABSTRACT: The discovery and exploration of hydrothermal vents on the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) yielded invaluable samples for further resolution of the biogeography of chemoautotrophic symbioses. Ultrastructural, physiological, and molecular evidence are reported herein which support the presence of a single endosymbiont phylotype with chemoautotrophic metabolism. Phylogenetic analyses placed this symbiont in the same clade as the vesicomyid clam symbionts, prompting discussion regarding the evolutionary origin of chemoautotrophic symbioses in vent bivalves. www.int-res.com /abstracts/meps/v295/p183-190   (259 words)

CavLab Publications (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Cavanaugh, C.M. Symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria in marine invertebrates from sulphide-rich habitats. Evidence for phylogenetic congruence among sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacterial endosymbionts and their bivalve hosts. Kinetic isotope effect and characterization of form II rubisco from the chemoautotrophic endosymbionts of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. www.oeb.harvard.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /faculty/cavanaugh/publications.htm   (197 words)

Olenid trilobites: The oldest known chemoautotrophic symbionts? -- Fortey 97 (12): 6574 -- Proceedings of the National ... and a case is made that they were chemoautotrophic symbionts. Given the widespread occurrence and taxonomic spread of chemoautotrophic symbiosis, it is likely to have been an ancient adaptation. as evidence of sulfur chemoautotrophic mode of metabolism. www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/12/6574   (2472 words)

Molecular characterization and endosymbiotic localization of the gene encoding D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate ... Cavanaugh, C. Symbiosis of chemoautotrophic bacteria and marine invertebrates from hydrothermal vents and reducing sediment. Felbeck, H. Chemoautotrophic potential of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila Jones (vestimentiferan). Robinson, J. J., Stein, J. and Cavanaugh, C. Cloning and sequencing of a form II ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from the bacterial symbiont of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/148/6/1947   (5330 words)

Current Research: James Childress These studies have over the years shown that a priori expectations about the nature of deep-sea animal's physiological adaptations and rates are often wrong. My current research interests are primarily focused on studies of hydrothermal vent animals and other chemoautotrophic symbioses. This work is concerned with the functioning of the chemoautotrophic symbioses in their environments. www.lifesci.ucsb.edu /eemb/faculty/childress/research/research.html   (281 words)

Ch06   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Typical autotrophs in ecosystems are photoautotrophs, such as plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, all of which use the energy in sunlight to make the energy-rich molecule glucose, a sugar, from carbon dioxide and water. In some marine ecosystems where there is no light (like the deep sea rift vents), there are chemoautotrophs at the base of the food web. These chemoautotrophic bacteria make glucose from carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide in the water rather than the sun’s energy. drjoe.biology.ecu.edu /ch06/ch06.htm   (3958 words)

University of Cincinnati Biologists Find First Terrestrial Ecosystem That Survives Without Sun's Energy To prove that the food web was based entirely on chemical energy and not solar energy, Kane, doctoral candidate Serban Sarbu and assistant professor Brian Kinkle used a technique known as stable isotope ratio analysis (SIRA). This was the same technique used to demonstrate that the communities living around deep sea vents were chemoautotrophic. By comparing the distinct ratios of two carbon (12C and 13C) two nitrogen (14N and 15N) isotopes, the researchers were able to trace energy flow through the food web from the microbe producers through the intermediate grazers to the carnivores at the top of the food web. www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1996-06/UoC-UoCB-270696.php   (418 words)

Why Sequence the Deep-Sea Tubeworm Riftia pachyptila? Vent effluents support substantial chemoautotrophic communities that use chemical energy to fix inorganic compounds for growth and biosynthesis. The first chemoautotrophic symbiosis to be described was the giant vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. The results will produce insights into the molecular mechanisms that govern the productivity of a chemoautotrophic symbiosis, arguably the most productive symbiosis described to date. www.jgi.doe.gov /sequencing/why/CSP2007/tubeworm.html   (318 words)

Eubacteria Photoheterotrophic bacteria use sunlight as an energy source but their carbon must come from organic compounds­not CO2. Green and purple bacteria use hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen gas as a source of electrons for photosynthesis. Chemoautotrophic Eubacteria include among the most important the nitrifying bacteria that participate in nitrogen cycling. www.mercy.edu /faculty/knizeski/eubacteria.html   (815 words)

Agripedia, Interactive Multimedia Instructional Agriculture Resources   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Two types of nitrification are recognized: chemoautotrophic nitrification and heterotrophic nitrification. We are going to focus most of our attention on chemoautotrophic nitrification because that is the process which will dominate most agricultural soils. Nitrifying organisms are gram (-) chemoautotrophic bacteria belonging to the family Nitrobacteriaceae www.ca.uky.edu /agripedia/Classes/PLS566/CLASS28.asp   (1078 words)

Protobiont The same process could have happened with chloroplasts, which would be chemoautotrophic or chemiosmotic protobionts. At present, chemoautotrophic organisms are able to get energy from organic matter from the environment, as well as to transform radiant energy (transported by photons) into chemical energy (in molecular bonds) by the action of chlorophyll. Some protobionts would incorporate chloroplasts to their endoplasm, but by some self-defense mechanism, some chloroplasts also would survive in the endoplasm of more complex protobionts. www.biocab.org /Protobiont.html   (613 words)

Domains and Kingdoms   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14) Includes chemoautotrophic, photoautotrophic, and absorptive-heterotrophic (decomposer) metabolic types; does not include pathogens or the typical, aerobic decomposers of soils and underwater sediments. The worm provides a steady supply of inorganic chemical substrate to the chemoautotrophic archaeans, which oxidize it to sulfate and use the released energy to synthesize biochemicals. Pogonophorans use biochemical secretions and digested cells of archaeans as energy, and may also obtain energy by absorbing soluble biochemicals directly from the mud around them (absorptive heterotrophy). www.cals.ncsu.edu /course/zo150/mozley/domkingd.html   (1348 words)

Possible Roles of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids in a Chemoautotrophic Bacterium-Mollusc Symbiosis -- Joyner et al. 205 ... between cycling of nitrogen and sulfur in chemoautotrophic symbioses. Cavanaugh, C. Symbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria in marine invertebrates from sulphide-rich habitats. Assimilation of inorganic nitrogen by marine invertebrates and their chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic symbionts. www.biolbull.org /cgi/content/full/205/3/331   (4209 words)

Effects of metabolite uptake on proton-equivalent elimination by two species of deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworm, ... Effects of metabolite uptake on proton-equivalent elimination by two species of deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworm, Riftia pachyptila and Lamellibrachia cf luymesi: proton elimination is a necessary adaptation to sulfide-oxidizing chemoautotrophic symbionts -- Girguis et al. The discovery of chemoautotrophic symbionts in the hydrothermal Felbeck, H. Chemoautotrophic potential of the hydrothermal vent tube worm, Riftia pachyptila Jones (Vestimentifera). jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/205/19/3055   (5464 words)

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