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Topic: Chemoreceptor

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peripheral chemoreceptor

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	Why some neonates need caffeine
		Peripheral chemoreceptor activity is typically assessed by monitoring the rapid decline in minute ventilation (in the first minute) after inhalation of pure O2.
		Second, the data obtained strongly suggests that the effectiveness of chemoreceptor activity is enhanced during caffeine administration, because the drug amplifies the drop in ventilation compared with controls.
		This study demonstrates that peripheral chemoreceptor activity is increased by caffeine in premature neonates.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-07/aps-wsn072004.php (898 words)

	Mycorrhiza Literature Exchange
		[Ca2+](i) measurements under hypoxic conditions and immunocytochemistry experiments in dispersed CB cells demonstrated the expression of Kv3.4 and Kv4.3 in oxygen-sensitive cells; the presence of Kv3.4 in the chemoreceptor cell membrane was not required for the response to low P-O2.
		In summary, three Kv subunits (Kv3.4, Kv4.1 and Kv4.3) may be involved in the fast-inactivating outward K+ current of rabbit CB chemoreceptor cells.
		The homogeneous distribution of the Kv4 subunits in chemoreceptor cells, along with their electrophysiological properties, suggest that Kv4.1, Kv4.3, or their heteromultimers, are the molecular correlate of the oxygen-sensitive K+ channel.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/latest02/02_8sanch1.htm (312 words)

	Mycorrhiza Literature Exchange
		We investigated the effect of almitrine on ionic currents of chemoreceptor cells isolated from the carotid body of rat and rabbits by using the whole-cell and inside-out configurations of the patch-clamp technique.
		This effect of almitrine on the Ca2+-dependent component of K+ currents was investigated further at the single-channel level in excised patches in the inside-out configuration.
		We conclude that almitrine inhibits selectively the Ca2+-dependent K+ channel and that in rat chemoreceptor cells, this inhibition could represent an important mechanism of action underlying the therapeutic actions of the drug.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/latest97/xLopez1.htm (208 words)

	Site-directed spin labeling of a bacterial chemoreceptor reveals a dynamic, loosely packed transmembrane domain -- ...
		On the left is a cartoon of a chemoreceptor dimer with one subunit shaded.
		Bass, R.B. and Falke, J.J. Detection of a conserved alpha-helix in the kinase-docking region of the aspartate receptor by cysteine and disulfide scanning.
		Oosawa, K. and Simon, M. Analysis of mutations in the transmembrane region of the aspartate chemoreceptor in Escherichia coli.
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/11/6/1472 (5672 words)

	Chapter 1 - Section 7: First Principles of Gastroenterology
		The vomiting center is in the reticular formation of the medulla and is excited directly by visceral afferent impulses (sympathetic and vagal) arising from the gastrointestinal tract and other peripheral trigger areas.
		The chemoreceptor trigger zone is on the floor of the fourth ventricle, on the blood side of the blood-brain barrier.
		The chemoreceptor trigger zone is unable to cause vomiting without an intact vomiting center.
	www.gastroresource.com /GITextbook/En/chapter1/1-7.htm (602 words)

	Ventilatory responses and carotid body function in adult rats perinatally exposed to hyperoxia -- Prieto-Lloret et al. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Hypoxia increases the release of neurotransmitters from chemoreceptor
		Chemoreceptor cells from CB of control animals (thick traces) and hyperoxic animals (thin traces) are shown.
		The contribution of the peripheral chemoreceptors to the ventilatory response to CO in anaesthetized cats during hyperoxia.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/554/1/126 (8486 words)

	Developmental Changes in Membrane Properties of Chemoreceptor Afferent Neurons of the Rat Petrosal Ganglia -- Donnelly ...
		Somal electrophysiologic characteristics were consistent with that obtained from purported chemoreceptor afferent neurons identified by orthodromic electrical stimulation (Table 1).
		Eyzaguirre, C., and Koyano, H. Effects of hypoxia, hypercapnia and pH on the chemoreceptor activity of the carotid body in vitro.
		Kholwadwala, D., and Donnelly, D. Maturation of carotid chemoreceptor sensitivity to hypoxia: in vitro studies in the newborn rat.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/82/1/209 (3682 words)

	Chemoreceptor Organs - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		Chemoreceptor organs are sensitive barometers of changes in the carbon dioxide and oxygen content and pH of the blood and aid in the regulation of respiration and circulation.
		Although chemoreceptor tissue appears to be widely distributed in the body, tumors develop principally in the aortic (more frequent in animals) and carotid bodies (more frequent in humans).
		The histologic characteristics of chemoreceptor tumors (“chemodectomas”) are essentially similar whether derived from the carotid or aortic body.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/40704.htm (577 words)

	Online Pharmacy, Tramadol, Paxil, antibiotics, amoxicillin, zithromax, Rx Online, pharmaceuticals, DHEA, prescription ...
		The influence of clonidine on the reflex vascular responses to stimulation of carotid body chemoreceptors and bilateral carotid occlusion was studied in morphine, chloralose-urethane anesthetized dogs.
		The facilitation of chemoreceptor reflex responses by clonidine was observed in dogs with intact or sectioned vagi and in animals in which the carotid arteries were perfused at constant blood flow.
		The data suggest that clonidine exerts central actions which result in a facilitation of the chemoreceptor reflex and a simultaneously occuring hypotension which is probably due to an action on baroreceptor pathways.
	www.hairmillion.com /rx-online-info/clonidine-online-rx/clonidine-online-rx.1190.html (683 words)

	Substitutions in the Periplasmic Domain of Low-Abundance Chemoreceptor Trg That Induce or Reduce Transmembrane ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		On the right is a model of the Trg periplasmic domain based on the structure of the Tar periplasmic domain (32) and an alignment of chemoreceptor sequences (Megan Peach, unpublished results).
		Membranes containing no chemoreceptors (none), wild-type Trg (WT), or a mutant form of Trg (designated by the wild-type amino acid, residue number, and replacing amino acid) were assayed for activation of CheA by measuring levels of phospho-CheY in a coupled system.
		The forms of Trg were expressed at levels significantly higher than the level characteristic of a high-abundance receptor approximating the cellular content used in reference 43.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/183/2/671 (5836 words)

	Intragenic suppressors of a mutation in the aspartate chemoreceptor gene that abolishes binding of the receptor to ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Intragenic suppressors of a mutation in the aspartate chemoreceptor gene that abolishes binding of the receptor to methyltransferase -- Shiomi et al.
		Intragenic suppressors of a mutation in the aspartate chemoreceptor gene that abolishes binding of the receptor to methyltransferase
		Kondoh, H., Ball, C. and Adler, J. Identification of a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein for the ribose and galactose chemoreceptors of Escherichia coli.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/148/10/3265 (5048 words)

	Intracellular pH regulation in neurons from chemosensitive and nonchemosensitive regions of Helix aspersa -- Goldstein ...
		The CO chemoreceptor region (stippled area) lies on either side of the cleft between the visceral and right parietal ganglia.
		The average responses in 9 neurons from the chemoreceptor area and 25 neurons from nonchemoreceptor areas are shown in Fig.
		The average responses of 26 neurons in the chemoreceptor region and 14 neurons in nonchemoreceptor regions during hypercapnic
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/279/2/R414 (5094 words)

	Chronic hypoxia enhances the phrenic nerve response to arterial chemoreceptor stimulation in anesthetized rats -- ...
		Fos-like protein is induced in neurons of the medulla oblongata after stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve in awake and anesthetized rats.
		Carotid chemoreceptor activity during acute and sustained hypoxia in goats.
		NMDA receptors mediate peripheral chemoreceptor afferent input in the conscious rat.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/87/2/817 (3908 words)

	Clustering of the Chemoreceptor Complex in Escherichia coli Is Independent of the Methyltransferase CheR and the ...
		Clustering of the Chemoreceptor Complex in Escherichia coli Is Independent of the Methyltransferase CheR and the Methylesterase CheB -- Lybarger and Maddock 181 (17): 5527 -- The Journal of Bacteriology
		Clustering of the Chemoreceptor Complex in Escherichia coli Is Independent of the Methyltransferase CheR and the Methylesterase CheB
		Liberman, L., Berg, H. C., Sourjik, V. Effect of Chemoreceptor Modification on Assembly and Activity of the Receptor-Kinase Complex in Escherichia coli.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/181/17/5527 (514 words)

	DHEA, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, hair loss, hair growth, buy Rx ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The carotid body is a sensory chemoreceptor organ located in the vicinity of the carotid bifurcation.
		Hypoxia and other natural stimuli are detected by chemoreceptor cells which upon stimulation increase their rate of release of neurotransmitters.
		The neurotransmission between chemoreceptor cells and the sensory nerve endings is also covered in certain detail.
	www.twinpharm.com /ref-dopamine/dopamine-research-abs4.1298.html (1098 words)

	NADPH oxidase inhibition does not interfere with low PO2 transduction in rat and rabbit CB chemoreceptor cells -- Obeso ...
		CB chemoreceptor cells in vitro and, in the context of the present
		chemoreceptor cells and consequently that DPI effects on the CB are, in the present context,
		The regulation of dopamine and noradrenaline in the rat carotid body and its modification by denervation and by hypoxia.
	ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/3/C593 (5978 words)

	Focal central chemoreceptor sensitivity in the RTN studied with a CO2 diffusion pipette in vivo -- Li and Nattie 83 ...
		Focal central chemoreceptor sensitivity in the RTN studied with a CO2 diffusion pipette in vivo -- Li and Nattie 83 (2): 420 -- Journal of Applied Physiology
		Focal central chemoreceptor sensitivity in the RTN studied with a CO diffusion pipette in vivo
		Central chemoreceptor stimulus in the terrestrial, pulmonate snail, Helix aspersa.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/83/2/420 (5860 words)

	Adrenergic mechanisms in oxygen chemoreception in the cat aortic body. Plasma concentrations of propranolol and ...
		Sixteen cats were studied to test the hypothesis that oxygen chemoreception in the cat aortic body is dependent on the beta-adrenergic mechanism.
		The chemoreceptor activity was measured from a few aortic chemoreceptor afferents in each cat, anesthetized with alpha-chloralose (60 mg X kg-1).
		In the third category (c) the stimulatory effect of hypotension on aortic chemoreceptor activity was measured in six of the seven cats in group (b) before and after propranolol injection.
	www.hairmillion.com /rx-online-info/propranolol-online-rx/propranolol-online-rx.1337.html (490 words)

	Viral Gene Transfer of Dominant-Negative Kv4 Construct Suppresses an O2-Sensitive K+ Current in Chemoreceptor Cells -- ...
		Chemoreceptor cells are the CB elements that sense
		Ganfornina MD, López Barneo J (1992a) Potassium channel types in arterial chemoreceptor cells and their selective modulation by oxygen.
		Gonzalez C, Almaraz L, Obeso A, Rigual R (1992) Oxygen and acid chemoreception in the carotid body chemoreceptors.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20/15/5689 (6102 words)

	Research from the Department of Biology
		Bacteria employ transmembrane chemoreceptors known as methyl- accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) to mediate a variety of adaptive behaviors.
		MCP molecules have an external ligand-binding domain for monitoring attractant or repellent levels in the environment and a cytoplasmic signaling domain for communicating with the flagellar rotary motors (Fig.
		To explore the structure and function of the MCP signaling complex, we identified soluble fragments of the serine chemoreceptor, Tsr, that could activate the CheA kinase, both in vivo and in vitro.
	www.biology.utah.edu /posters2.php?id=37&area=home (739 words)

	Chemoreceptor trigger zone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It may also refer to Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant.
		The Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) is an area of the brain which receives inputs from blood-borne drugs or hormones, and communicates with the Vomit Centre, to initiate vomiting.
		The CTZ is close to the area postrema on the floor of the fourth ventricle and is (necessarily) outside of the blood-brain barrier.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/CTZ (132 words)

	Two Large Families of Chemoreceptor Genes in the Nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae Reveal ...
		Single and double representatives of each of the small and large str subfamilies, and three representatives of the stl family are shown, with the subfamily/family designations indicated at the beginning and end of the sequences.
		The conserved amino acid positions used to anchor the alignments are highlighted in bold, and shown on the line between the str and stl families, as are the inferred ancestral intron positions.
		The phylogenetic relationships of these chemoreceptors reveal interesting aspects of the molecular evolution of these families.
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/8/5/449 (6639 words)

	Name:
		Arterial baroreceptors and chemoreceptors provide the brain with a constant barrage of information regarding the level of blood pressure and blood gases, respectively.
		We are using a multi-disciplinary approach to determine how baroreceptor and chemoreceptor information is integrated within the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the initial site in the central nervous system to receive baroreceptor and chemoreceptor information.
		In vivo (intracellular and extracellular) and in vitro (whole cell patch clamp) electrophysiological techniques are used to examine the physiological and pharmacological mechanisms which underlie the integration of baroreceptor and chemoreceptor inputs by neurons of the NTS.
	www.uthscsa.edu /faculty/mifflin.html (366 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Chemoreceptor - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Chemoreceptor: a sensory receptor that responds to chemical stimuli
		Chemoreceptor : sensory nerve endings capable of transducing chemical stimuli into neuronal impulses; do not confuse with receptor molecules, which are covered under RECEPTOR.
		A hierarchical classification of Chemoreceptor: The following list attempts to classify Chemoreceptor into categories where each line is subset of the next.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/chemoreceptor.htm (168 words)

	Differential chemoreceptor reflex responses of adrenal preganglionic neurons -- Cao and Morrison 281 (6): 1825 -- AJP - ...
		Differential chemoreceptor reflex responses of adrenal preganglionic neurons
		to activation of the arterial chemoreceptor reflex of the populations
		The arterial chemoreceptor reflex was activated either by ventilating the animal with 100% N
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/6/R1825 (4995 words)

	Modeling the transmembrane domain of bacterial chemoreceptors -- Peach et al. 11 (4): 912 -- Protein Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In a ribbon diagram (left) of a homodimeric bacterial chemoreceptor, the portions of the model based on X-ray crystallography of receptor fragments are shaded.
		Hughson, A.G. and Hazelbauer, G.L. Detecting the conformational change of transmembrane signaling in a bacterial chemoreceptor by measuring effects of disulfide cross-linking in vivo.
		Milligan, D.L. and Koshland, Jr., D.E. Intrasubunit signal transduction by the aspartate chemoreceptor.
	www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/11/4/912 (6469 words)

	Physiology Department Faculty and Their Research
		His research is focused on the mechanisms of sensory transduction and chemical transmission between preneural receptor cells and afferent nerve terminals in mammalian arterial chemoreceptors, which sense blood levels of O2, H+ and CO2 and reflexly adjust cardiopulmonary parameters.
		A variety of neurochemical, immunocytochemical, electrophysiological and molecular biological techniques are used to elucidate the cellular signaling properties of the organ's chemosensory cells.
		He, L., Dinger, B., Sanders, K., Sundar, K., Hoidal, J. and Fidone, S. Evaluation of hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and carotid body chemoreceptor function in mice deficient in a cytosolic component of NADPH oxidase.
	medlib.med.utah.edu /physio/faculty/fidone.html (1568 words)

	Polar Clustering of the Chemoreceptor Complex in Escherichia coli Occurs in the Absence of Complete CheA Function -- ...
		Polar Clustering of the Chemoreceptor Complex in Escherichia coli Occurs in the Absence of Complete CheA Function -- Skidmore et al.
		Homma, M., Shiomi, D., Homma, M., Kawagishi, I. Attractant binding alters arrangement of chemoreceptor dimers within its cluster at a cell pole.
		Lybarger, S. R., Maddock, J. Differences in the polar clustering of the high- and low-abundance chemoreceptors of Escherichia coli.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/182/4/967 (596 words)

	[No title]
		We utilize three distinct chemoreceptor systems in detecting and responding to chemicals in our environment: taste, solitary chemoreceptor cells and olfaction, including the vomeronasal system.
		Recently, we discovered a population of epithelial chemoreceptor cells, called solitary chemoreceptor cells (SCCs), within the nasal epithelium of mammals (Finger et al., 2003).
		2003 Solitary chemoreceptor cells in the nasal cavity serve as sentinels of respiration.
	www.uchsc.edu /rmtsc/finger/Tom/res_interest.htm (2206 words)

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