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	Cheng I Sao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1801 she married Cheng I, a commander of a pirate squadron.
		Cheng I fought on the Tay-son side of the Vietnamese rebellion until 1802 when the fight collapsed and was forced to retreat to the South China Sea.
		Cheng I Soa died in 1844 at the age of sixty running a gambling house and brothel in Canton.
	www.geocities.com /pirates_hold/roster/cheng_i_soa.html (455 words)

	Ching Shih (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		She married in 1801, to one Cheng I who commanded a pirate fleet and fought in a Vietnamese rebellion on the side of the Tay-son.
		By the time her husband died in a gale in 1807, he had united a pirate coalition numbering 400 ships and over 70,000 sailors.
		A master of manipulation, Cheng I Sao (wife of Cheng), now also known as Ching Shih, took over the fleet after some political maneuvering.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/c/ch/ching_shih.html (412 words)

	New Page 1
		When Cheng Yih Sao died in 1807 his wife Cheng I Sao took command of the Red Fleet.
		Cheng became leader, she issued a code of laws that added even more power to the pirate confederation.
		Cheng (Cheng I Sao) in action, the famous woman pirate chief who took command of the federation on the South China Sea coast in 1807.
	www.ilstu.edu /~aahurt/thepiratecode.htm (698 words)

	Pirates & Privateers: The History of Maritime Piracy - Cheng I Sao
		When her husband died in 1807, Cheng I Sao assumed command of the pirates.
		Since Cheng I Sao did not wish to live hand to mouth, the rest of the plunder was stored in warehouses to ensure that the squadrons were always armed and ready.
		Cheng I Sao and Chang Pao settled in Fukien.
	www.cindyvallar.com /chengsao.html (613 words)

	Grace O (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1805, Cheng I Sao (wife of Cheng) or Ching Shih became the leader of the infamous Red Flag Fleet, a confederation of pirates with over 1500 ships that ranged the whole Chinese coast and South to Malaysia.
		When Cheng died in 1807, Cheng I Sao took charge as a sort of admiral and placed Chang Pao, formerly her husband’s right-hand man, in command of the operation of the fleet.
		The discipline Cheng I Sao imposed was formidable, with punishments much more severe than the pirate "articles" of the Caribbean.
	www.public.asu.edu /~idjmw/pirates/chingshih.htm (714 words)

	Flowing Waters Never Stale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Cheng I, the infamous leader of the pirate Confederacy, owed much of his success to the organisational and diplomatic skills of his wife, Cheng I Sao.
		Cheng I and Zheng Baozai soon became lovers, though Cheng I’s wife didn’t seem to resent this relationship.
		When Cheng I died during a battle in Vietnam in 1807, aged 42, his wife, Cheng I Sao took over the command of the Confederacy, and appointed Zheng Baozai (her husband’s favourite) as her chief lieutenant – putting him in charge of the Red Fleet.
	free-blog-site.com /flowing_waters_never_stale/default.aspx (9187 words)

	Message Board
		Cheng I Sao was probably the most successful pirate in history...
		His wife, Cheng I Sao, succeeded him as commander of the Red Flag Fleet and leader of the pirate confederation.
		Cheng created the financial and military structures that were indispensable for the pirates' survival.
	www.piratesinfo.com /mysql/phorum/read.php?5,134949,134977,quote=1 (2681 words)

	Female Pirates
		Some of the more famous female pirates are Mary Read, Grace O'Malley, Alfhild, Princess Rusla, Anne Bonney, Mary Harvey, Cheng I Sao, Flora Burn, Huang P'ei-mei, Jeanne de Montfort (The Flame) and Elissa, founder of Carthage.
		Mary Read was raised as a boy so she and her mother could be supported by her father's family after her father's death.
		Cheng I Sao took over her husband's place when he died.
	www.realarmorofgod.com /female-pirates.html (1357 words)

	Booty - Women Pirates - Girl Pirates on the High Seas
		Some of the women profiled here followed their lovers into piracy, others turned mercenary after a cross-dressing stint in the military, still others were born into piracy and carried out the family tradition.
		Fanny Campbell led a mutiny to find her fiancŽ; bizarre twists of fate landed Charlotte de Berry and Mary Read at sea; and Cheng I Sao turned pirate to escape a grim life of prostitution.
		Mary Read and Anne Bonny left a trial record, and Cheng I Sao's crimes were reported in the newspapers of her time.
	www.pirate-women.com (394 words)

	Notre Dame Magazine, Summer 1996, "Queen of the Pirates" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		From 1807 to 1810, the group was led by Cheng I Sao, a former prostitute who seized control of the organization after the death of her husband.
		The Kwangtung confederacy emerged from the ranks of privateers, or pirate mercenaries, recruited years earlier by rebel emperors in neighboring Vietnam.
		The former pirates not only got to keep most of their booty, but many were granted commissions in the Chinese military as pirate suppressors.
	www.nd.edu /~ndmag/ilm3su96.html (433 words)

	Cheng I Sao ("wife of Cheng I")
		Home » History » Pirates and Privateers » Cheng I Sao (andquot;wife of Cheng Iandquot;)
		They ransomed captives and ships while extorting payment from people who lived along the coast to not attack their villages.
		Since Cheng I Sao did not wish to live hand to mouth, the rest of the plunder was stored in warehouses to insure that the squadrons were always armed and ready.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/pirates/37631 (406 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - New Flavor Events
		"Cheng I Sao lived as a poor prostitute in Kwangtung province until she married a pirate and joined him in pillaging the coast.
		Cheng I and her husband saw the potential for the pirates and unified them into a confederation.
		When her husband died in 1807, Cheng I took over as leader of six fleets with 400 men each.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=160929 (7695 words)

	cheng i - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		We found one dictionary with English definitions that includes the word cheng i:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "cheng i" is defined.
		Phrases that include cheng i: cheng i sao
	www.onelook.com /?w=cheng+i (79 words)

	Untitled Document
		Shih Yang (aka Madame Ching, Ching Shih, Cheng I Sao, and Hsi Kai Ching Yih)
		Shih Yang also known popularly as Madame Ching was one of the greatest Chinese pirates who sailed the seas in the 19th century.
		Return to the days of this famous pirate and dine on the classic Szechuan and Cantonese cuisines of China served in an elegant and refined setting.
	www.fionaurora.com /sea/pirate/ching.htm (766 words)

	Female Pirate Leader Cheng I Sao - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Female Pirate Leader Cheng I Sao - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		China History Forum is an online chinese history forum, discussion board or community for all who are interested in learning and discussing chinese history from prehistoric till modern times, including chinese art of war, chinese culture topics.
		Cheng I Sao (Ching Yih Saou) — 1810s, South China Sea, commanded either five or six squadrons consisting of 800 large junks, about 1,000 smaller vessels, and between 70,000 and 80,000 men and women.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=5900 (1032 words)

	Amazon.ca: Pirates and Privateers of the High Seas: Books: Laura Lee Wren (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The text begins with a profile of Sir Francis Drake, an Englishman who plundered Spanish ships and was rewarded handsomely by Queen Elizabeth I. Other pirates include Sir Henry Morgan, or Morgan the Terrible; Blackbeard; and Jean Laffite.
		Some of the lesser-known pirates presented are Anne Bonny and Mary Read, who disguised themselves as men while performing their exploits; and Cheng I Sao, known as the "Dragon Lady," who plundered coasts from China to Vietnam.
		The history reads like an adventure story with several dramatic incidents of piracy on the high seas.
	www.amazon.ca /Pirates-Privateers-Seas-Laura-Wren/dp/0766015424 (346 words)

	PantherBay.com - The Official Homepage of The Pirate of Panther Bay
		The History of Pirates is a well organized primer on pirates from ancient times to the present day.
		“The Pirate of Panther Bay is a book with a pirate heroine that reminds the reader of Anne Bonny, Cheng I Sao, and Mary Read.
		Isabella and the characters that surround her are very developed, and the sword fights leave you breathless.
	www.pantherbay.com (116 words)

	Sao-Wen Cheng at IDEAS
		This is information that was supplied by Sao-Wen Cheng in registering through RePEc.
		If you are Sao-Wen Cheng, you may change this information at RePEc.
		Postal Address: Sao-Wen Cheng Auf der Burg 24 57271 Hilchenbach Germany
	ideas.repec.org /e/pch137.html (153 words)

	Defiant Women: Cheng I Sao, Charlotte de Berry
		Defiant Women: Cheng I Sao, Charlotte de Berry
		f you have any information about Cheng I Sao, please email me.
		I'm particularly fascinated by this story, and I am eager to fully include non-western women in my site.
	members.tripod.com /cathreese/DefiantWomen/pirates/ching_charlt.html (327 words)

	New Sunshine Paperbacks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		He may not have matched the gruesome activities of Mr and Mrs Cobham.
		Further south, one of the greatest pirate fleets was run with strict rules by Cheng I Sao, queen of pirates.
		In contrast, Captain Misson freed slaves and promoted sharing — but did he really exist?
	www.sunshine.co.nz /nz/templates/templates3/fivepiratestories/menu.html (122 words)

	Pirates & Privateers: The History of Maritime Piracy - Articles
		Historical documents, written in his hand and that of others, record his life since 1689 until his death in 1701, but his early years, and the question of whether there remains any treasure to uncover, continue to be mysteries.
		At the height of her power, Cheng I Sao commanded a pirate fleet that surpassed the navies of many countries.
		In addition to more than 200 oceangoing junks armed with 20-30 cannon and manned by up to 400 pirates each, she controlled 600-800 coastal vessels (12-25 cannon, 200 men) and dozens of river junks (20-30 men).
	www.cindyvallar.com /piratearticles.html (3812 words)

	I sailed with Chinese Pirates by Aleko E. Lilius: extract for Arthur Ransome Literary Pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Something to bear in mind is that Lai Choi San was not the only real-life female Chinese pirate of note.
		For example there was in the early 19th Century the notorious Cheng I Sao ('Wife of Cheng I") who commanded a pirate federation that terrorised the South China coast.
		Whatever Lilius's influence may have been on Ransome, his account was evidently a hit with Milton Caniff, the author of Terry and the Pirates, a popular comic strip of the 1930's, who used a glamourised version of Lai Choi San, The Dragon Lady, as one of his main villains.
	www.arthur-ransome.org /ar/literary/lilius.htm (5589 words)

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