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Topic: Chenghua Emperor of China

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	Zhengtong Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Zhu Qizhen (November 29, 1427 – February 23, 1464) was an emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
		Zhu Qizhen was the son of the Xuande Emperor Zhu Zhanji and his Empress Sun.
		Zhengtong's son (later Emperor Chenghua) was stripped of the title of crown prince and replaced by Jingtai's own son.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zhengtong_Emperor_of_China (469 words)

	Chenghua Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Chenghua Emperor (December 9, 1447 – September 9, 1487) was Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, between 1464 and 1487.
		Chenghua was only reinstated as crown prince on the eve of death of Emperor Jingtai in 1457.
		Chenghua's reign was also more autocratic than his predecessors' and freedom was sharply curtailed when Chenghua established institutes such as the Xi Chang (to compliment the existing Dong Chang), monitoring all civilians' actions and words.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chenghua (580 words)

	Zhengtong Emperor \| Topic Definition \| Find the Meaning and Define the Answer of Zhengtong Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Zhu Qizhen (November 29, 1427–February 23, 1464) was an emperor of the Ming Dynasty.
		The Zhengtong Emperor was released one year later but when he returned to China, he was put under house arrest by his brother for six years.
		After the death of his heir apparent, the Jingtai Emperor fell ill and he was deposed by a palace coup which eventually reinstalled Zhu Qizhen as emperor, who called his second reign Tianshun ("heavenly obedience").
	www.thefreeencyclopedia.com /definition/word.aspx?w=Zhengtong_Emperor (277 words)

	Formation of the Chinese Civilization - china.org.cn
		China is one of the countries where colored pottery first appeared.
		During the reigns of emperors Yongle and Xuande, thin-body and bright-colored blue and white porcelains were all over the world for their varied patterns and shapes.
		Porcelains of contending colors were a new variety created during the reign of Emperor Chenghua (1465-1487) of the Ming Dynasty.
	www.china.org.cn /e-gudai/3.htm (1704 words)

	Imperial Elegance - Chinese Ceramics from Asia Society's Rockefeller Collection
		In this piece colors such as the white-pink and pale green of the peaches and the bright yellow of the loquats were only possible because of the expanded palette made available by the development of opaque enamels during the early eighteenth century at the imperial kilns and factories at Jingdezhen.
		However, under the Xuande emperor the use of these marks was well established, as was the elevated status of porcelains as symbols of imperial taste.
		Porcelains made during and for the reign of the Chenghua emperor are considered to be some of the finest Chinese porcelains ever made.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/imperialelegance/imperialtaste2.html (909 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > Who do you consider the worst Ming emperor? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Considering and comparing the damage and harm all the Ming Emperors have caused during their reign, i'd rank Shenzong as the worst Ming emperor, 2nd would be Yingzong, 3rd is Wuzong and the last would be Xizong, also know as the carpenter emperor-LOL.
		Liu Song has many deposed emperors for such a short time in power, it and the southern dynasties that followed are a good place to look for palace intrigues, conspiracies, plots and counter plots, and all that juicy stuff, making North-South Dynasties one of my favorite era.
		Although the emperor degenerated as his reign wore on and he fought battle after battle with his intransigent and corrupt bureaucracy, in his early years he responded vigorously to two rebellions and the Japanese invasion of Korea.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t3792.html (2849 words)

	Chenghua Emperor - TheBestLinks.com - Julian calendar, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, 1465, 1457, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Chenghua Emperor - TheBestLinks.com - Julian calendar, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, 1465, 1457,...
		Chenghua Emperor, Julian calendar, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, 1465...
		The Chenghua Emperor (1447-1487) was Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, between 1465-1487.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Chenghua_Emperor.html (92 words)

	The Emperor's Lost Treasure, Remnants of Unrecorded Chenghua Porcelain (Select Books)
		The porcelain made for the Emperor Chenghua is the most highly prized by collectors of Ming china.
		Chenghua died in 1487 and very few objects from that period have survived.
		This scholarly account of Chenghua ware discusses also some collections which while different in several ways from the authenticated artefacts are held by the author to come from the same source.
	www.selectbooks.com.sg /getTitle.cfm?SBNum=34852 (90 words)

	Porcelain Exportation and Production in China, By: Li Huibing
		China became a strong power with a developed economy and a prosperous foreign trade.
		China was able to export porcelain in large quantity.
		It was from that period that China began to produce porcelain according to the demands of foreign markets.
	www.gotheborg.com /exhibition/huibing.shtml (2980 words)

	China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Revered in China during his lifetime in a way not easy for non-Chinese to understand, he was enormously influential around the world as well.
		It is essentially a corridor running from the upper Yellow River in the east, along the verge between the Tibetan plateau on the one hand and the Gobi desert on the other, to the edge of the Xinjiang wastes in the west.
		It formed with the encouragement of China, which needed a buffer zone between itself and the then-aggressive Tibetans, but Nan Chao soon became expansionist in it's own right, and proved to be a considerable threat to China at times.
	www.hostkingdom.net /china.html (2189 words)

	Who do you consider the worst Ming emperor? - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		China History Forum is an online chinese history forum, discussion board or community for all who are interested in learning and discussing chinese history from prehistoric till modern times, including chinese art of war, chinese culture topics.
		I consider Yinzhong to be the wrost emperor of Ming, he overthrown his more capable brother and really set the precedence for the other emperors to follow.
		China History Forum is hosted on a AMD Opteron Server managed by MicfoGroup.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=3792 (1823 words)

	Ming Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Emperor decreed that protocol official examine the sincerity and authenticity of the delegation, with an order to ban exchange and trade between two countries should there be lack of such sincerity and authenticity.
		Protocol suggested to emperor that new tallies should not be issued till old tallies were cancelled and that Xuande-era regulation as to 3 boats and ten year interval should be enforced.
		Emperor Kangxi, however, prohibited Catholics by imprisoning Charles Thomas Maillard de Tournon who arrived in China in AD 1705 with a pope order as to exclusion of Heaven, ancestors and Confucius among Christian converts.
	www.uglychinese.org /ming.htm (13451 words)

	Cup [China] (1987.85) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is possible that the patronage of the emperor's favorite, Wan Gufei, was responsible for the promotion of several decorative techniques at the Jingdezhen kilns.
		Premier among these is the fabled Chenghua doucai ("contrasting colors" or "contending colors"), which is a combination of two ornamental processes.
		Doucai-style enameling was usually reserved for intimate objects of exquisite refinement, and the rare examples of Chenghua date are some of the most highly treasured of all Ming-dynasty porcelains.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/ho/08/eac/hod_1987.85.htm (167 words)

	Hongzhi Emperor - TheBestLinks.com - Hongzhi Emperor of China, Julian calendar, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Hongzhi Emperor - TheBestLinks.com - Hongzhi Emperor of China, Julian calendar, TheBestLinks.com:Find or fix a stub, 1506,...
		Hongzhi Emperor of China, Hongzhi Emperor, Emperor, Julian calendar...
		The Hongzhi Emperor was emperor of the Ming dynasty in China between 1488 and 1505.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Hongzhi_Emperor_of_China.html (116 words)

	Imperial Elegance - Chinese Ceramics from Asia Society's Rockefeller Collection
		Noted for their thin bodies and elegant shapes, porcelains made during the reign of the Chenghua emperor are ranked among the finest examples of imperial Chinese wares.
		The range and versatility of the opaque overglaze enamel colors are representative of those developed at the imperial kilns and factories at Jingdezhen during the reign of the Yongzheng emperor.
		The theme and the fineness of the porcelain body and the delicacy and control of the painting indicate that this dish was intended for imperial use.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/imperialelegance/meaning.html (1183 words)

	Timeline China to 1925
		479BC In China the philosopher Mo-tzu (d.438BCE), founder of Mohism, was born.
		News from China during the Boxer Rebellion was bleak, and one New York newspaper had reported their deaths and printed obituaries.
		1911 Oct, In China the Revolution overthrew the Qing Dynasty and declared that the art housed in the Forbidden City was to be for the public.
	timelines.ws /countries/CHINA.HTML (11704 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The results of the excavations indicate that the ship was en route from China to Europe and carried Chinese ceramics dated to the Yongzheng period (1723-1735) made by kilns in the provinces of Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong.
		GBP 18.95 Available Historical biography of the Chinese emperor whose reign encompassed the construction of the Forbidden City, the completion of the Grand Canal and the consolidation of the imperial bureaucracy.
		Imperial Porcelain of the Chenghua Reign Excavated from Zhushan.
	www.hanshan.com /txtlists/list116.txt (16181 words)

	Antiques and the Arts Online
		The unique and unrecorded doucai jar with tian (Heaven) mark from the Chenghua period was decorated with red and yellow elephants dancing among waves.
		No other Chenghua doucai jar has ever been offered at auction and no other jar with the rare tian mark is known to remain in private hands.
		Only 12 other Chenghua doucai jars inscribed with the tian mark are currently recorded in the world, all of which are in museum collections.
	www.antiquesandthearts.com /a2000.asp?a=AuctionWatch11-20-2001-15-08-09 (565 words)

	Image no. 632 \| Porcelain Bowl: China, No. 6 \| AskAsia.org
		Some of the thinnest porcelain bodies made during the Ming period were produced during the reign of the Chenghua emperor (reigned 1465 - 1487), and with their refined bodies, they are considered some of the finest Chinese porcelains ever made.
		Bowls such as this one painted with stylized lotuses belong to a category known as "palace bowls." The decoration on this bowl is exquisitely rendered, and it is covered with a thinner and smoother glaze than was used on earlier porcelains.
		Such bowls, which have subtly rounded sides and small, high foot rims, appear to have been produced exclusively during the reign of the Chenghua emperor.
	www.askasia.org /teachers/images/image.php?no=632 (187 words)

	World history of events and dates of House Ming China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Succession Chu Ch'i Yu Succeeds as Emperor of China, younger brother of Chu Ch'i-Chen captured by the Mongols
		Birth of Honghzi, born as Zhu Yutang, 3rd son of Chenghua
		The Manchu invasion of China is halted by Yuang with Ming artillery
	www.badley.info /history/House-Ming-China.general.html (492 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Wreck yields Ming treasure trove
		Among the recovered items are bowls bearing the mark of Emperor Chenghua, who ruled China in the 15th Century.
		It was probably sunk in the early 1600s as it was sailing from China to the Indonesian city of Jakarta (then known as the Dutch outpost of Batavia), according to the director of the Malaysia's Department of Museums and Antiquities, Adi Taha.
		Some of the plates and vases carry the mark of Emperor Chenghua, who ruled from 1465 to 1487.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/3864517.stm (351 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> uk:1487 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Aztec emperor Auitzotl dedicates Great Temple Pyramid of TenochtitlÃ¡n with thousands of human sacrifices.
		March 21 - Nicholas of Flue, Swiss hermit and saint (born 1417)
		September 9 - Chenghua Emperor of China (born 1447)
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/uk:1487 (302 words)

	Gaeta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 844 the fell into the hands of the Arabs four years later they were driven out help supplied by Pope Leo IV In 875 the town was in hands of Pope John VIII who gave it to the count Capua as a fief of the Holy which had long claimed jurisdiction over it.
		877 however the hypatus John (Joannes) II in recovering the lordship which he established a duchy under the suzerainty of the Roman emperors.
		In the 11th century the fell into the hands of the Norman counts of Aversa afterwards princes of and in 1135 it was definitively annexed his kingdom by Roger of Sicily.
	www.freeglossary.com /Gaeta (557 words)

	Sotheby's - Services & Information - Investor Relations
		A UNIQUE and unrecorded doucai jar, featuring the tian (Heaven) mark, from the Chenghua period(1465-1487) and decorated with red and yellow flying elephants among waves highlights this auction.
		The only evidence of this design to have survived is in excavated fragments, deliberately broken and recently discovered in the waste heaps of the Ming imperial kilns at Jingdezhen in Jiangxi province.
		The jar was identified by Sotheby’s specialist Julian King and confirmed by Julian Thompson, curator to the 1995 exhibition, The Emperor’s Broken China: Reconstructing Chenghua Porcelain.
	www.shareholder.com /bid/news/20011025-62939.cfm (929 words)

	Articles - 1487 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		* Hongzhi becomes emperor of China (Ming dynasty).
		* Aztec emperor Auitzotl dedicates Great Temple Pyramid of TenochtitlÃ¡n with thousands of human sacrifices.
		* September 9 - Chenghua Emperor of China (born 1447)
	www.kimia-sains.com /articles/1487 (269 words)

	Fine Ming Dynasty, Tianqi Wine Cup, ca.1621-27
		It was understandable that Tianqi would borrow the styles of his predecessors if remembering this Ming emperor's reign.
		MIng Emperor TianQi (1621-27), son of Ming Emperor TaiChang (1619-21), grandson of Ming emperor Wanli (1573-1619).
		TianQi became emperor at the age of 16.
	www.antiqnet.com /detail,ming-dynasty-tianqi,834309.html (315 words)

	ASIA SOCIETY: THE COLLECTION IN CONTEXT
		Noted for their refined bodies and elegant shapes, porcelains made during the reigns of the Xuande (1426-1435) and Chenghua (1465-1487) emperors are ranked among the finest examples of imperial Chinese wares.
		Ceramic production during this time is noted for the widespread use of reign marks to date pieces, the development and refinement of techniques for making and decorating wares, and the creation and variation of designs.Reign marks are inscriptions that identify the name of the dynasty and the reign name of an emperor.
		Xuande reign marks were variously written on the interiors, exteriors, or bases of bowls, dishes, and other vessels.
	www.asiasocietymuseum.com /region_results.asp?RegionID=4&CountryID=12&ChapterID=30 (147 words)

	China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Emperors were often known by several different names - the family name, reign title, temple name and various honorary titles.
		Many early emperors had more than one reign title but by the Ming and Qing periods, just one was kept throughout the reign.
		Spring and Autumn Period 771 BC - 481 BC
	www.gaminggeeks.org /Resources/KateMonk/Orient/China/Rulers.htm (667 words)

	Amazon.com: Flawless porcelains: Imperial ceramics from the reign of the Chenghua emperor: Books: Rosemary E Scott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Amazon.com: Flawless porcelains: Imperial ceramics from the reign of the Chenghua emperor: Books: Rosemary E Scott
		This item is not eligible for Amazon Prime, but over a million other items are.
		I own the rights to this title and would like to make it available again through Amazon.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/981306613X?v=glance (281 words)

	The Ming Dynasty
		- THE EMPEROR'S BROKEN CHINA — RECONSTRUCTING CHENGHUA PORCELAIN
		- 1421: THE YEAR CHINA DISCOVERED THE WORLD
		- OFFICIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN 1368-1549
	www.hanshan.com /ndx/l16q.html (1118 words)

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