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Topic: Chess in Europe

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	Chess in Europe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However the earliest western evidence of chess is dated to the eleventh century at the very earliest, still a significant time after the Arabs themselves had discovered chess.
		The only exception is the so-called chess village Ströbeck, where chess became popular among the farmers in the early 11th century already.
		The English Chess Federation, which in 2005 replaced the long established British Chess Federation, is responsible for the organisation of chess in England, and also organises the annual British Chess Championship on behalf of all the UK federations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chess_in_Europe (512 words)

	Origins of chess - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An argument can also be advanced that chess pieces hewn from stone were miniature versions of totems, useful for representing and predicting the conflict of divine forces in nature or society according to scientific methods available to anyone curious enough to inquire.
		Chess was introduced into Spain by the Moors in the 10th century, and described in a famous 13th century manuscript covering chess, backgammon, and dice named the Libro de los juegos.
		Chess with dice from the Romanesque period was found in France with Charlemagne figure sculpted on king pieces, and backgammon game.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Origins_of_chess (2439 words)

	Chess History
		From the Persian pil means "the elephant", but in Europe and the western part of the Islamic world people knew little or nothing about elephants, and the name of the chessman entered Western Europe as Latin alfinus and similar, a word with no other meaning (in Spanish, for example, it evolved to the name "alfil").
		Chess eventually reached Russia via Mongolia, where it was played at the beginning of the 7th century.
		Early on, the pieces in European chess had limited movement; bishops could only move by jumping exactly two spaces diagonally (similar to the elephant in xiangqi), the queen could move only one space diagonally, pawns could not move two spaces on their first move, and there was no castling.
	www.chesshere.com /resources/chess_history.php (806 words)

	The Rules and History of Chess. How To Play Chess.
		Chess in Europe since that time has been almost the same as today.
		The current rules of chess were finalized in the early 19th century, except for the exact conditions for a draw.
		Europe’s biggest contribution to chess was the checkered board.
	www.gamesandsport.org /chess.htm (972 words)

	Chess History
		Chess was introduced to the western world by the Moslems who conquered the lands from India and Persia to the East, and Spain to the West.
		Byzantine chess, Zatrikion played on a round board, but the chessmen and their moves are similar to Arabic style of the same period After the introduction of chess to Europe, there appeared many popular manuscripts of the game.
		Chess was, early on, introduced to many cultures each of which contributed greatly to the reform of the game.
	www.cafedemetrio.com /Demetrio_History/Chess_History/chess_history.html (1170 words)

	Chess Guide - Online Games Information
		Chess (the "Game of Kings") is a board game for two players, which requires 32 chesspieces (or chessmen) and a board demarcated by 64 squares.
		Chess is one of humanity's more popular games; it is has been described not only as a game, but also as both art and science.
		Chess is played both recreationally and competitively in clubs, tournaments, on-line, and by mail (correspondence chess).
	www.chess.freegames.eu.com (1116 words)

	GameLow.com: Board Games>>Chess
		Another theory exists that chess arose from the similar game of Chinese chess, or at least a predecessor thereof, existing in China since the 2nd century B.C. Joseph Needham and David Li are two of many scholars who have favored this theory.
		Chess openings are a sequence of moves, often memorized, which will help a player build up their position and prepare for the middlegame.
		Chess variants are forms of chess where the game is played with a different board, special fairy pieces or different rules.
	www.gamelow.com /board/chess.html (2736 words)

	Chess Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chess probably traveled to Europe through this Arabian influence in Spain in the 9th or 10th century.
		Chess was also brought to Europe by Scandinavian merchants who traded with the Arabs.
		Europe is currently the center of chess popularity, with Spain holding many of the top tournaments.
	library.thinkquest.org /10746/europe.html (126 words)

	Calvo - The Oldest Chess PIeces in Europe
		Together with the crystal chess pieces conserved in San Millan de Residuals la Cogolla and Urgel, the lot of Celanova is among the older chess materials dating from the early Middle Age.
		The monastery of Celanova is located in the mountains of Orense, although, more recntly, the chess pieces have been transferred to the Diocesan Museum of the capital of the county, probably to avoid pillage or theft.
		In the 11the Century monastery of Yuso of San Millán of the Cogolla (Logroño, NW Spain), a reliquary-box was built for the remains of San Felices, the teacher of San Millán.
	www.goddesschess.com /chessays/calvopieces.html (3059 words)

	The History of International Chess
		Chess originated in the Indus Valley in India in the 6th century AD.
		In the 16th and 17th centuries the evolution of chess took a quantum leap; the queen became the most powerful piece on the board.
		With the public now playing chess, the level of play improved considerably; matches and tournaments were played with greater frequency, and prominent players of the game developed schools and followers.
	library.advanced.org /28135/InterHistory.htm (497 words)

	Checkmate in Chess - Checkmate Examples
		Chess is known to be one of the oldest games in the world.
		Chess came to Europe from Persia, and took its name from Schach or Shah, which in that language signifies King, and Matt (or "dead") from the Arabic language.
		One way is to interpose a chess piece between the King and the attacking piece, and the other to move the King out of the line of attack.
	www.chesscentral.com /Member/checkmate-chess.htm (257 words)

	Chess (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chess went through the evolution of different pieces, boards, and rules, and did not settle until the 19th century.
		With the Moorish invasions of Spain, and the Islamic presence in Sicily shatranj was brought to Europe.
		During the first few centuries of chess in Europe, rules were made to outlaw the clergy playing chess.
	faculty.smu.edu /bwheeler/Ency/chess.html (616 words)

	Chess Samizdat Article 0041
		Chess, like most things in life, has its ups and downs, and these incidents serve to illustrate the mutations.
		Like the drama, chess never dies; but, equally like the drama, it has its phases of triumph and splendor, of neglect and decay.
		Now Morphy, by the same analogy, was the Garrick or Edmund Kean of chess, and his advent gave it a stimulus in America whose effect has waned at times, but has never since ceased to be strongly felt.
	www.correspondencechess.com /syndication/articles/0041.htm (836 words)

	ChessAssistance.com Which program is best for me?
		Chess School has quite a bit of text explanation, and can be used to learn all the basics of the game (how the pieces move, basic mates, etc).
		Chess Endgame Training is also useful in this respect, but the training positions come from actual games, instead of being composed.
		This is Convekta's flagship application, and has chess database functions (for game study and analysis), a playing program, ICC interface, training features, and electronic/print publishing as well.
	www.chessassistance.com /Articles/033_Program_selection.html (1331 words)

	History of Chess
		1093 Chess is condemned by the Eastern Orthodox church.
		Bernard (1090-1153) forbids the knights templars from chess.
		1240 Chess forbidden to the clergy in Worcester, England.
	www.unc.edu /~yoonmik/hppa_85/technical_projects/history_of_chess.html (1827 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Ancient chess history unearthed
		An ivory chess piece, excavated at a Byzantine palace in what is now southern Albania, is more than 500 years older than any previously discovered.
		Until now chess historians had agreed that the game only became popular with the European elite during the 12th Century, 700 years after it was invented in China, India or ancient Persia.
		The chess piece, which is only lightly damaged, was unearthed in the ancient city of Butrint.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/2155916.stm (272 words)

	Art Of Chess by Kel
		The history of Chess is not as easy to trace as the history of Art and it is disputed that there may have been Chess played in early Egyptian times.
		In the Conceptual level Chess moves on the board form only a small part of the overall picture as with Minimalism where the idea is manifested in the theory and the canvas is only a small part of this manifestation.
		In other ways Chess players are 'performers' of the highest calibre, one only has to frequent any Chess competitions and/or events to witness some of the 'eccentric' behaviour of some of the competitors.
	www.stansco.com /netchess/art_of_chess.html (1884 words)

	GARRY KASPAROV: QUITS Competitive Chess
		Unlike any other sports discipline, in chess, a strategy or a plan used in a particular game remains open to debate for ever, since the games are documented and played over and over again.
		Many chess players moved out of the country and many headed for European destinations in search of livelihood out of chess, both as players as trainers.
		This led to an increased number of participation of players from the Soviet breakaway republics in Europe and chess was never the same.
	www.hinduonnet.com /tss/tss2813/stories/20050326000103800.htm (1529 words)

	Goddesschess - Chessays - Table of Contents
		The Introduction of Chess into Europe by M.C. Romeo May 21, 2006 (41 pages) As translated into English from an address given to the Merida Conference of March, 2006.
		The Oldest Chess Pieces in Europe Dr. Ricardo Calvo Presentation to the IGK - Amsterdam, December 2001.
		Horst Remus The Origin of Chess and the Silk Road A thougtful overview of the invention and diffusion of chess
	www.goddesschess.com /chessays/chessaystoc.html (1155 words)

	About the Book: Birth of the Chess Queen
		Initially she was the weakest piece, moving only one square at a time on the diagonal, yet by 1497, during the reign of Isabella of Castile, the chess queen had become the formidable force she is today.
		In a lively and engaging narrative, Yalom draws parallels between the birth of the chess queen and the ascent of female sovereigns in Europe, presenting a layered, fascinating history of medieval courts, with their intrigues and internal struggles for power.
		Further, she shows the connection between the chess queen, the cult of the Virgin Mary, and the cult of Romantic Love, all of which influenced European society for centuries to come.
	www.marshallchessclub.org /Events/ChessQueen.htm (291 words)

	Amazon.com: Birth of the Chess Queen: A History: Books: Marilyn Yalom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chess was invented in India in the fifth century and was spread by Islamic conquests to Europe, where the piece known as the vizier became the queen—the only female in the all-male club of chess pieces.
		The birth of the chess queen is synonymous with the birth of "modern" chess rules, when the Court of Queen Isabella of Spain expanded the power of the Queen.
		While Yalom's profiles of medieval queens are by far the weakest sections of the book, her description of medieval chess sets, the importance of chess in medieval society, and the evolution of the game from its introduction in Islamic Spain to its spread to northern Europe and beyond is both gripping and fascinating.
	www.amazon.com /Birth-Chess-Queen-Marilyn-Yalom/dp/0060090642 (2329 words)

	Chess-Theory , chess practice , chess history
		This poem narrate the adventure of a knight in the company of an enemy king (perhaps King Henry II or King Robert of France, is not sure at all!), which was obliged to affront at chess and finally beat him.
		The most powerful piece in the game of chess is the Queen, and it is the only piece that represents a female figure.
		Considering playing chess was able to provoke the contempt of God, Church wanted to ban it, in particular for ecclesiastics.
	www.chess-theory.com /encpch02_chess_practice_chess_history.htm (1578 words)

	Chess - ExampleProblems.com
		In chess, when a player's king is directly attacked by one or more of the opponent's pieces, the player is said to be in 'check'.
		Template:Chess diagram Chess is not a game of chance; it is based solely on tactics and strategy.
		A chess table is a table with a chessboard painted or engraved on it.
	www.exampleproblems.com /wiki/index.php/Chess (2966 words)

	Knightiev The Chess Renaissance
		But late in the fifteenth century there was a sudden reform in the rules that was quickly adopted throughout Europe.
		chess came after his death, at the age of thirty-four, when his work was published in printed form in various languages, including
		Chess in the Renaissance continued to provide a backdrop for commentary unrelated to the game itself.
	members.aol.com /knightiev/myhomepage/chesschessrenaissance.html (925 words)

	Chessville - Links - Comprehensive - Reference, Info, & History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Online chess encyclopedia with a daily calendar of births, deaths and events, articles, biographies, links, history, news, etc. This is one of the best online chess resources available.
		Rønnow's "Mission" is to show you how to improve your chess by modeling the patterns, behaviors and beliefs of the very strong chessplayers.
		Jean-Louis Cazaux, co-author of The Anatomy of Chess.
	www.chessville.com /links/links_comp_ref_info_history.htm (886 words)

	Russia's Kramnik becomes world chess champion in unification match - iht,europe,Russia Chess - Europe - International ...
		Each of the 31-year-old players was to receive US$500,000 for taking part in the match, which was arranged to heal a 13-year-old schism in the chess world dating back to World Champion Garry Kasparov's withdrawal from the World Chess Federation.
		Topalov, who is known for aggressive play, won his title of World Chess Champion exactly a year ago, on Oct. 13, 2005.
		The manager claims that the scandal surrounding the competition only benefited chess, providing publicity that has been lacking since the dramatic matches between Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky, Anatoly Karpov and Viktor Korchnoi and Korchnoi and Kasparov.
	www.iht.com /articles/ap/2006/10/13/europe/EU_GEN_Russia_Chess.php (694 words)

	Chess Links Directory [Chessopolis > Chess Links]
		Chess Visualization Training - Information and exercises to help train you to visualize/analyze chess positions in your head.
		Chess Europe - Chess books for sale, most in Russian, some rare.
		Progressive Chess - A thorough online guide to Progressive Chess, with each side making a progressively greater number of moves on each turn.
	www.chessopolis.com /new.htm (343 words)

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