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Topic: Chess problem terminology

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	Chess problem - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		A chess problem, formally called a chess composition, is a puzzle set by somebody using chess pieces on a chess board, presenting the solver with a particular task to be achieved.
		Problems can be contrasted with tactical puzzles often found in chess columns or magazines in which the task is to find the best move or sequence of moves (usually leading to mate or gain of material) from a given position.
		In both formal and informal tourneys, entries will normally be limited to a particular genre of problem (for example, mate in twos, moremovers, helpmates) and may or may not have additional restrictions (for example, problems in patrol chess, problems showing the Lacny theme, problems using fewer than nine units).
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Chess_problem (3029 words)

	Helpmate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A helpmate is a kind of chess problem in which fl moves first and helps white to checkmate him within a specified number of moves.
		Here, more than one problem is wrought from a single diagram by making small changes to it, such as moving a piece from one square to another, adding or removing a piece, turning the board round or some other device.
		Helpmates, like other problems, can be composed with fairy chess pieces or with fairy conditions (chess variant rules), such as circe chess, grid chess or patrol chess.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/h/he/helpmate.html (937 words)

	Chess problem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A chess problem, also called a chess composition, is a puzzle set by somebody using chess pieces on a chess board, that presents the solver with a particular task to be achieved.
		Studies are composed chess problems, but because their stipulation is open-ended (the win or draw does not have to be achieved within any particular number of moves) they are usually thought of as distinct from problems and as a form of composition that is closer to the puzzles of interest to over-the-board players.
		A famous such problem is the knight's tour, in which one is to determine the path of a knight that visits each square of the board exactly once.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chess_problem (3556 words)

	Novotny
		The Novotny is a device found in chess problems.
		The device can be understood by reference to the problem to the right, a mate in 2 (white moves first, and must checkmate fl in two moves against any defence).
		The key (first move of the solution; see chess problem terminology) is 1.Nb2 (see algebraic notation).
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/no/Novotny.html (732 words)

	Chess problem terminology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A problem with set play is said to have two phases (the set play being one phase, the post-key play being another); a problem with three tries would be a four phase problem (each try being one phase, with the post-key play the fourth).
		Proof game - a type of problem in which the job of the solver is to construct a game of a given number of moves in which the final position is the one given by the composer.
		In chess problems, however, the letter S (standing for Springer, the German name for the knight) is often used instead, with N instead being reserved for the popular fairy piece, the nightrider.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chess_problem_terminology (2535 words)

	Chess problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A chess problem is a puzzle set by somebody chess pieces on a chess board presenting the solver with a task to be achieved.
		Because the study is composed is related to the problem but because stipulation is open-ended (the win or draw not have to be achieved within any number of moves) it is usually thought as separate from the problem.
		Chess on the whole are not created for purpose of practical chess training.
	www.freeglossary.com /Chess_problem (2083 words)

	Chess Guide > Shortest Proof Game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The problem may carry a stipulation similar to "Find a game with 8.b7-b8=N mate", which simply means a game must be constructed starting from the initial position and ending on the given move number with the given move.
		An alternative rule-set may also be specified (such as circe chess or losing chess), or a fairy piece may be substituted for an orthodox piece.
		A number of chess problem composers have specialised in SPGs, with one of the most notable examples being Michel Caillaud who did much to popularise the genre in the 1970s and 1980s.
	www.chess.freegames.eu.com /problems-puzzles/shortest_proof_game.html (403 words)

	Plachutta
		The problem to the right is a relatively simple example by William Shinkman, published in White Rooks, 1910.
		The key (first move of the solution; see chess problem terminology) is 1.d5 (see algebraic notation).
		Although the term Plachutta is confined to the world of chess problems, not being used in a wider chess context, the underlying Plachutta pattern does occasionally (though rarely) appear in an actual game.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pl/Plachutta.html (444 words)

	ChessPortal :: Online Chess Game rules, Tutorials, Tactitcs And Strategy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chess is one of the world's most popular games; it has been described not only as a game, but also as an art, science, and sport.
		Chess is sometimes seen as an abstract wargame ; as a "mental martial art", and teaching chess has been advocated as a way of enhancing mental prowess.
		Early on, the pieces in European chess had limited movement; bishops could only move by jumping exactly two spaces diagonally, the queen could move only one space diagonally, pawns could not move two spaces on their first move, and there was no castling.
	javachess.laadhari.com /chess-tutorials.html (1754 words)

	Chessville - Misc. - Trivia - Chess Quotations - Miscellaneous
		Chess problems demand from the composer the same virtues that characterize all worthwhile art: originality, invention, conciseness, harmony, complexity, and splendid insincerity.
		A chess problem is an exercise in pure mathematics.
		A grandmaster is a scholar in the field of chess and this academic status carries with it certain responsibilities.
	www.chessville.com /misc/Quotes/misc_trivia_quotes_misc.htm (4979 words)

	Mathematics and Chess Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A paraphrase from the entry under Mathematics and Chess in [5]: In 1893, a Professor Binet (of Stanford-Binet IQ test fame) made a study of the connection between mathematics and chess.
		Jonathan Mestel, grandmaster in over-the-board play and in chess problem solving, is an applied mathematician specializing in fluid mechanics and is the author of numerous research papers.
		Chess problem composer Hans-Peter Rehm (1942-), a Professor of Mathematics at Karlsruhe Univ.
	web.usna.navy.mil /~wdj/math_chess.htm (2039 words)

	Chess with Chinese Pieces
		And so many variant forms of chess have been designed in recent years that it is hard to think of an appropriate name that has not already been taken.
		The mating position in Problem 2 has probably been anticipated, and if Chinese line pieces ever really do become incorporated into chess, this "problem" will become as inappropriate as posing a standard smothered mate in orthodox chess as a direct mate in four.
		Orthodox chess, with its fixed initial position and castling rule, is unlikely to be independently invented, as by an extraterrestrial civilization.
	www.silcom.com /~barnowl/chess-clp.htm (5017 words)

	Novice Nook
		Chess is a mental sport, and one’s mental state has an enormous effect on your ability to play well.
		I have been an officer of a chess club on and off for about 35 years and the number of new members (and old!) who volunteer to help is very rare.
		But he wants so badly to do well at chess that he is willing to take his time despite his nature to do otherwise.” It would be great if all my readers could even come close to emulating the self-discipline of that fine young gentleman.
	www.chesscafe.com /heisman/heisman.htm (2902 words)

	Walter Grimshaw, Chess Player
		Walter Grimshaw was a 19th century composer of chess problems.
		The key (see chess problem terminology) is 1.Bc8 (see algebraic notation) which threatens 2.Qc5# or Qd2#.
		A Grimshaw is a device found in chess problems in which two fl pieces arriving on a particular square mutually interfere with each other.
	www.grimshaworigin.org /WalterGrimshawChess.htm (850 words)

	BCPS Library Catalogue
		100 problems, with an introduction and numerical summary; all in the composer's handwriting.
		Manuscript of a problem in the "Chess Amateur", vii.1927.
		Typically, two problems have been stamped on each page, and a third has been stuck on so that it can be lifted and the lower problems seen.
	www.bcps.knightsfield.co.uk /lib4.html (10614 words)

	Chess Direct Ltd. Problems
		This is an entertaining autobiography of one of Britain's leading problem composers which includes dozens of his favourite problems throughout the book together with anecdotes and reminiscences from the chess problem world. Self published in A4 format.
		An introduction to chess problems which starts with an explanation of some of the terminology and themes used in problem composition before presenting 108 diagrammed problems for the reader to solve. Solutions included at the end. John Rice is an International Master of Problem Composition and author of several books on chess problems.
		A collection of over 200 problems of this rare and beautiful genre, classified by mating material and with expert commentary from Jelinek. The book incorporates an English translation by John Beasley. Jiri Jelinek has been composing problems since childhood and is President of the Federation of Czech Problemists.
	www.chessdirect.co.uk /acatalog/CATALOGUE___SHOP_Problems_42.html (912 words)

	The Munich Theme - Narayanan's Problem Corner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The problem not only shows Siers battery but also a brilliant reciprocal change of continuation after moves of fl knights.In the diagram position if 1…N(d) any 2.Ne5+, Kg5 3.Nf7 and if 1…N(f)any 2.Nd4+, Kg5 3.Ne6.
		C G S Narayanan, an international composer of repute, has been composing Chess problems for the past thirty years.
		He has been editing THE HINDU Chess problem column from 1982 onwards, after S K Narasimhan.
	www.chathurangam.com /problemcorner/article21n.asp (350 words)

	Chess Glossary, Chess-Theory's Glossary of Chess Terms, Alphabetical classification of chess terms, Comprehensive Chess ...
		A problem or puzzle where some official rules of the traditional game of Chess are suspended or changed
		Figurine Notation: A system of recording the moves of a Chess game similar to Algebraic Notation except that small pictures of the pieces and Pawns are substituted for their names.
		When an Open File Fight occurs in a chess game it is indeed one of the most important and decisive phases of the evolution of the game.
	www.chess-theory.com /enva04f_glossary_chess_theory.htm (1245 words)

	[No title]
		Since then the author has developed a new method of training – his squares strategy – and already three CDs have been published based on it.
		Consequently, Bangiev has now prepared his long planned CD with a Repertoire for Black along the lines of the terminology and methodology of the squares strategy.
		The unified system which he suggests is based on a setup with g6, Bg7 and c5, which can easily be applied as a reply to the main white openings.
	www.chessbaseusastore.com /ProductDetails.aspx?productID=4287 (190 words)

	Chess Problem Terms
		The lists below define chess problem terms and symbols used on this website.
		In addition to these definitions, there are several other useful links for those new to chess problems:
		WCCT: World Chess Composition Tournament, a FIDE formal tourney in which countries compete as teams
	www.strategems.org /beginners/ChessProblemTerms.htm (926 words)

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