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	Chester Carlson - MSN Encarta
		When Carlson was young, both his parents had tuberculosis and his father also suffered from arthritis of the spine.
		Chester Carlson (1906-1968), American physicist, patent attorney, and inventor of xerography, an electronic dry-copying process for the reproduction of images or documents, commonly known now as photocopying.
		Carlson found it difficult to get copies of patent drawings, so in his spare time he searched for a cheap, dry method of copying documents, specifically printed or drawn matter.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569889/Chester_Carlson.html (469 words)

	Chester Carlson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chester F. Carlson (February 8, 1906 - September 19, 1968) was an American physicist, inventor, and patent attorney born in Seattle, Washington.
		When Carlson was young, both his parents had tuberculosis and his father also suffered from arthritis of the spine.
		Carlson once said, "Work outside of school hours was a necessity at an early age, and with such time as I had I turned toward interests of my own devising, making things, experimenting, and planning for the future.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chester_Carlson (1263 words)

	Inventor Chester Carlson Biography
		Although Chester Carlson invented Xerography in 1938, it was twenty-one years later that the first office copier was available to the public.
		Chester Carlson was born in Seattle on February 8, 1906, the only child of an itinerant barber.
		Carlson was quite alone in his work, and in his belief that xerography was of practical value to anyone.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventors/carlson.htm (1950 words)

	Book Monitor (Current Edition)
		Chester Carlson was the son of Swedish immigrants who spent his youth in almost unendurable poverty, living at times in abandoned chicken houses and shacks with his sick father.
		Carlson’s concept, of using photoelectric properties of materials and static electricity to bind fine particles to plain paper, was so idiosyncratic that many first-rate scientists question whether anyone else would have ever come up with the idea if Carlson hadn’t.
		Carlson’s original idea was complex enough, but the actual machine that became the foundation of Xerox’s phenomenal success was an amazingly complicated device with innumerable finely tuned wheels, gears, pulleys and other parts.
	www.americasfuture.net /bookmonitor/2005/2005-1-03.html (420 words)

	Chester (Floyd) Carlson - Further reading
		Chester F. He invented the process of instant copying which he called electrophotography, and which was subsequently named xerography and commercialized by the Haloid Corporation (Xerox).
		Carlson once said, "Work outside of school hours was a necessity at an early age, and with such time as I had I turned toward interests of my own devising, making things, experimenting, and planning for the future.
		It took Carlson 15 years to establish the basic principles of electrophotography, and he patented his developments every step along the way.
	encyclopedia.stateuniversity.com /pages/4337/Chester-Floyd-Carlson.html (845 words)

	Chester F. Carlson, Inventor of Xerography - A biography
		Carlson was well aware of the fact that silver halide photography and other processes based upon the use of light to initiate a chemical change had been under development for many years and were currently being exhaustively studied by the research laboratories of large corporations in the field.
		Carlson refined and developed the idea as much as possible and filed a preliminary patent application on October 18, 1937, only a few months after he had evolved the basic concept.
		However, as the experiences of Chester F. Carlson and many other great inventors prove, it is a long, rough road--costing much time and money--from "important invention" to market place, and the organized research of great corporations becomes a great and indispensable necessity.
	www.lib.rochester.edu /index.cfm?PAGE=467 (2914 words)

	IEEE-USA Today's Engineer
		As brilliant as Carlson's patent was, the story of xerography is more a testament to Carlson's great inner strength, which had been forged in the crucible of hardship, than to genius.
		Carlson was born into abject poverty and spent all of his boyhood and early manhood in its tight grip.
		In a well-written biography of Carlson, David Owen explains that "[Carlson] was a shy, soft-spoken boy who, deep within himself, couldn't help sharing his parents' deepening despair about the precariousness of their existence." And yet, the young Carlson would not let poverty crush his spirit as it had done to his father.
	www.todaysengineer.org /2006/Jun/history.asp (1232 words)

	Tribuneindia... The fact File
		Carlson, born in 1906 (exact date is not available), belonged to a family that had to struggle for its livelihood.
		By the age of 14, Carlson became the main supporting member of the family as both his parents were invalids.
		Carlson, finally got to live in great comfort and enjoyed the fruits of his hard labour.
	www.tribuneindia.com /1999/99dec04/saturday/fact.htm (991 words)

	King of Peace - Dragged Apart by Distractions
		Chester Carlson was born in Minnesota in 1906.
		As Chester Carlson worked to market the invention, he was turned away by 20 companies including Kodak and IBM before convincing Haloid to take on the project after a decade of working to sell the concept.
		Chester Carlson with his hundreds of millions and the Teacher of Ecclesiastes with a kingdom as his feet, both learned that stuff in itself doesn’t make for the good life.
	www.kingofpeace.org /sermons2003-2004/sermon-080104.htm (1731 words)

	Xerography History - Invention of Xerography
		Carlson was proved right only after a discouraging ten-year search for a company that would develop his invention into a useful product.
		When he died in 1968 at the age of 62, Chester Carlson was a wealthy and honored man, Xerox annual revenues were approaching the billion dollar mark, and the whole world was making copies at the push of a button.
		The process was developed in 1938 by Chester Carlson, an employee at a New York electronics firm who was frustrated by the difficulty of copying documents.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventions/xerography.htm (1697 words)

	creativepro.com - Inventor of Xerography Celebrated on 100th Birthday
		Carlson's invention is the method by which most of the world's printed documents we see in offices are created today.
		Carlson began experimenting with electrostatic charges and materials that were photoconductive - their electrical properties changed when exposed to light.
		By the time Carlson died, his vision was fulfilled and Xerox was well on its way to success as the world's foremost expert on color imaging, printing, document management and related services, generating billions in annual revenue.
	www.creativepro.com /story/news/23965.html (538 words)

	creativepro.com - Heavy Metal Madness: Making Copies from Carbon to Kinkos
		Carlson's story is classic rags-to-riches, and it's particularly appealing because he appears to have been a nice, humble guy who gave away much of his money before he died in 1968 at the age of 62.
		As a young man during the Depression, Carlson was employed in a patent office where he grew discouraged by the lack of an easy way to make copies of patents on file.
		What's interesting is that Carlson was able to project past the obvious shortcomings of the process to see the potential practical uses of his invention.
	www.creativepro.com /story/feature/23030.html (2260 words)

	Chester Carlson Biography
		The American inventor Chester F. Carlson (1906-1968) invented the process of xerography which became the basis for the operation of the office copying machines first introduced by the Xerox Corporation in 1959.
		By 1938 Carlson had devised a basic system of electrostatic copying onto plain paper, which after 12 years work gave the xerographic method that is widely used....
		Chester Floyd Carlson (February 8, 1906 - September 19, 1968) was an American physicist, inventor, and patent attorney born in Seattle, Washington.
	www.bookrags.com /Chester_Carlson (182 words)

	Xerography
		As a result, Carlson was honored as inventor of the year by the Patent, Trademark, and Copyright Research Institute of Washington University (May 8, 1965, page 35, column 2).
		By the time Chester was fourteen years old, he was the main source of income for the Carlson household.
		Chester Carlson, finally enjoying the profits from his years of hard work, collapsed and died on September 19, 1968 while walking down 57th Street in New York City.
	members.tripod.com /~earthdude1/xerox (2313 words)

	Chester F. Carlson
		This was a major complaint of Chester Carlson, inventor of the photocopier.
		Carlson worked as a patent analyzer for an electrical component maker, a job that required him to spend hours going over documents and drawings.
		Carlson was nearsighted and had arthritis, which made his job even more difficult.
	mediatheek.thinkquest.nl /~ll160/contents/inventors/chestercarlson.htm (204 words)

	No. 239: Xerox
		Carlson went to a movie that afternoon and there, as he watched images flickering on the screen, he died of a heart attack.
		Carlson patented a copying process in 1937, before he'd really figured out how to make it work.
		Carlson spent the next six years looking for corporate backing.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi239.htm (509 words)

	Chester Carlson and the Invention of the Photocopier
		Chester Carlson and the Invention of the Photocopier
		At the age of 12 Chester Carlson told his cousin Roy, "Someday, I'm going to make a great invention." Throughout his life, Carlson would walk from place to place with a notebook in his hand and jot down ideas for changing the world.
		During the 1910's, Carlson's father was crippled by arthritis and his mother had to work as a housekeeper to support the family.
	www.inventhelp.com /Chester-Carlson-and-the-Invention-of-the-Photocopier.asp (535 words)

	Yesterday's Office - Antique Office Equipment Collecting
		Carlson had at one time worked for a patent law firm preparing duplicate copies of patent applications, a tedious hand-copying process.
		Carlson, once the image was seen, heated wax and put it on the spores, which became the first photocopy when peeled.
		Carlson, a multimillionaire, donated $100 million to causes before dying of a heart attack on 57th Street in New York in 1968.
	www.yesterdaysoffice.com /index.cfm?fuseaction=ShowArticle&articleid=26 (486 words)

	Chester Carlson
		Trained in physics, Chester Carlson was unable to find work in that field, and instead worked at Bell Telephone until he was laid off during the Great Depression.
		On 22 October 1938, Carlson scribbled the date and the word 'Astoria' on a microscope slide, and with a blast of light and a dusting of chemicals, produced a legible copy.
		And the inventor, Mr Carlson, retired at the age of 39, became a multi-millionaire and philanthropist, and quietly gave over $100M to charitable causes in his lifetime, including Cal Tech, the United Negro College Fund, and assorted pacifist, civil rights, and Buddhist organizations.
	www.nndb.com /people/138/000165640 (328 words)

	Xerox
		Carlson was born in Seattle, WA on February 8, 1906 and moved to San Bernardino, CA with his family.
		Despite all of these hardships Chester managed to enroll in a junior college at Riverside, CA and later earned a degree in Physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1930.
		Carlson had been frustrated with the slow mimeograph machine and the cost of photography and that lead him to inventing a new way of copying.
	www.tattooarchive.com /history/xerox.htm (407 words)

	Do Unto OthersProject-Church of the Science of God
		Chester Carlson grew up in unspeakable poverty, worked his way through junior college and the California Institute of Technology, and made his discovery in solitude in the depths of the Great Depression.
		Chester’s birth—in Seattle, on February 8, l906—was preceded by that of a stillborn boy and followed by a stillborn girl.
		Chester knew his father only as an invalid, never as a provider, and remembered him later as “a bent walking skeleton, who had to spend the greater part of his time lying flat on his back.” Olof was strikingly handsome when he was young but looked eighty by the time he was forty-five.
	www.dountoothers.org /copiesinseconds.html (4424 words)

	News - StatesmanJournal.com
		Chester Carlson is a sex offender who lives in his Dodge van in Salem.
		Carlson pleaded with a mission chaplain, but his request for a longer stay was turned down.
		Carlson knows that few people are likely to sympathize with his prison troubles or his current homeless plight.
	news.statesmanjournal.com /article_print.cfm?i=82233 (1590 words)

	RIT - News & Events: Nathaniel Rochester Society honors Chester F. Carlson with annual award
		As a young physicist and lawyer living in Queens in the 1930s, Carlson was often frustrated by the costly and time-consuming methods then in existence for copying documents.
		Carlson made his initial gift to RIT in 1964: $250,000 cash and 2,200 shares of Xerox stock, equal at the time to $250,000.
		Carlson included RIT among six colleges and universities nationwide that would benefit from his legacy of generosity.
	www.rit.edu /~930www/NewsEvents/1998/Oct02/nrs.html (442 words)

	Corporate Report Wisconsin-Bookshelf-February 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The story of Chester Carlson is, at its heart, a classic story of American ingenuity and optimism at its idealized best.
		Carlson was a lonely kid who grew up in California in extreme poverty during the early 20th century.
		What ensued was a 20-year odyssey of trial-and-error experimentation, coupled with dogged determination by Carlson and a Rochester, N.Y. company called Haloid, the one company that believed there was a practical application for Carlson’s ideas.
	www.crwmag.com /CRW/Books/2005/Feb05bk.html (663 words)

	[No title]
		Carlson's invention is the method by which most of the world's printed documents we see in offices are created today.
		Carlson began experimenting with electrostatic charges and materials that were photoconductive - their electrical properties changed when exposed to light.
		By the time Carlson died, his vision was fulfilled and Xerox was well on its way to success as the world's foremost expert on color imaging, printing, document management and related services, generating billions in annual revenue.
	www.xerox.com /innovation/chester100.shtml (813 words)

	Democrat and Chronicle (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Carlson loved libraries and valued its resources, said Catherine Carlson, chairwoman of the Chester and Dorris Carlson Charitable Trust and Dorris Carlson’s daughter.
		Naming the center after Chester Carlson is an appropriate recognition of his career, said Horace Becker, chief engineer for the 914 Machine, the first office copier.
		“Chester Carlson was an inventor, a patent attorney and a hell of a nice guy,’’ Becker said.
	www.democratandchronicle.com /biznews/forprint/0923A21SO7F_library23_business.shtml (457 words)

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