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Topic: Chewing louse

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Rhyncophthirina

	Olympus MIC-D: Oblique Gallery - Hog Louse
		The hog louse, Haematopinus suis, is an insect that is usually four to six millimeters long and is grayish-brown with dark brown and fl markings.
		As a chewing louse, the hog louse has a wide head necessary to support the relatively large mandibles that are an essential component of its mouthparts.
		The male is slightly smaller than the female hog louse and is characterized by a fl streak on its ventral surface.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/oblique/hoglouse.html (346 words)

	External Parasites of Poultry
		In Florida, the major lice which attack poultry are the shaft louse, the fluff louse, the wing louse and the chicken head louse.
		The wing louse (Figure 2) is usually found among the barbules of the wing feathers.
		The chicken head louse (Figure 3) is a serious pest of young chickens or turkeys that constantly nibbles at the skin scales.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /IG140 (4069 words)

	Presenters
		Epidemiology of chewing lice (Bovicola ovis) infesting sheep in England and Wales.
		Ecological correlates of the measures of louse infestations of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus.
		Numerous rearrangements of genes in mitochondrial genomes of the wallaby louse Heterodoxus macropus (Boopiidae: Amblycera).
	www.phthiraptera.org /Congress2/Presenters.html (836 words)

	Chewing gum
		Chewing gum Chewing gum is a type of confectionery which is designed to be chewed, not swallowed.
		Unusually for a confectionery, chewing gum has some health benefits; unsweetened (sugar free) chewing gum stimulates saliva production, and helps to clean the surface of the teeth, whilst even sugary gum may be helpful, as the sugar dissolves out very quickly.
		An old wives' tale states that chewing gum, if swallowed, may take up to seven years to become fully digested, and that swallowing gum could also result in the substance becoming lodged in the oesophagus.
	www.kiwipedia.com /en/chewing-gum.html (261 words)

	AORN Journal: Head lice; formaldehyde storage; chewing gum in the OR; building design
		Louse viability is possible between 59 [degrees] F (15 [degrees] C) and 100.4 [degrees] F (38 [degrees] C), which are common temperatures found in most OR suites.
		The body louse, Pediculus humanus corporis, is a vector of epidemic typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever.
		This louse is sometimes called the "clothing louse" because it lives in the seams of clothing and leaves the clothing to feed on skin.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FSL/is_3_71/ai_64424019 (1495 words)

	AllRefer.com - louse (Zoology: Invertebrates) - Encyclopedia
		louse, common name for members of either of two distinct orders of wingless, parasitic, disease-carrying insects.
		A female sucking louse lays about 300 eggs, or nits, in her lifetime, cementing them to body hairs and underclothing.
		The book louse is a tiny, wingless, cosmopolitan insect that damages books by feeding on glue, paste, and paper.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/louse.html (405 words)

	Louse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Louse is a small, wingless insect that lives on birds and mammals, including human beings.
		Chewing lice, also called bird lice, have a mouth designed for chewing.
		Chewing lice are 10 times more abundant than sucking lice and often occur on domestic animals, especially farm fowl.
	www.worldbook.com /features/insects/html/louse.html (337 words)

	Lice Infestations of Cattle: Diagnosis and Benefits of Treatment with IVOMEC (ivermectin) Pour-On (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Damalinia (Bovicola) bovis is the chewing louse, Linognathus vituli is the long-nosed suckling louse, Haematopinus eurysternus is the short-nosed sucking louse, Solenopotes capillatus is the little blue louse, and Haematopinus quadripertusus is the sucking tail louse.
		The tail louse is confined to the warmer climates of the southern United States and seems to thrive in warmer temperatures compared to the other species.
		The location on the body differs from species to species, with the tail louse located primarily on the tail and the perineum; and the chewing louse found mainly on the shoulders, topline, and tail head.
	www.vet.ksu.edu /cdroms/merial/Pour.on/99063.htm (958 words)

	LAB9 page 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Damalinia is a common genus of chewing lice in livestock.
		Menopon gallinae, the shaft louse - a chewing louse of poultry.
		This louse is an example of the Amblycera which contains many chewing lice of domestic and wild birds.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /paraav/labs/lab9pg3.htm (574 words)

	Merck Vet. Edition - Lice: Introduction
		Louse eggs or "nits" are glued to hairs and are pale, translucent, and suboval.
		In the tropics and subtropics, the tail switch louse, H quadripertusus, is not uncommon (California, Florida, and Gulf Coast in the USA).
		Louse populations also can be reduced by hand-dusting with coumaphos, methoxychlor, tetrachlorvinphos, or permethrin on beef or dairy cattle; malathion or phosmet on beef cattle and swine; permethrin on swine; and malathion on sheep and goats.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/71900.htm (1484 words)

	Lice
		Lice populations undergo seasonal fluctuations that vary according to the biology of the louse and affected host.
		Found at higher numbers on affected animals in winter and early spring, and are generally absent or extremely rare in summer and autumn.
		Lice with the fur of an Arctic fox.
	www.unbc.ca /nlui/wildlife_diseases_bc/lice.htm (412 words)

	10.1007/s00436-004-1227-0 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Louse infestations on horses are widespread and louse parasitism is of clinical significance in equine medicine.
		If lice were not found by inspection with the naked eye, the trunk surface was combed intensively using a fine louse comb (conventional human louse comb) on both sides of the neck and the area under the mane.
		Insecticides to control louse infestations on horses need to persist for 4 weeks or they have to be reapplied, as there is no reported ovicidal efficacy for any insecticide currently used.
	parasitology.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de /login/n/h/j_004-1227-0.html.linked (1989 words)

	OLYMPUS MIC-D: Brightfield Gallery - Canine Biting Louse (Trichodectes canis) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In the wingless insect suborder of chewing lice (Mallophaga), Trichodectes canis is the louse species that most commonly feeds on domestic dogs and other canids such as coyotes, wolves, and foxes, which may come into contact with dogs.
		The dog louse, or canine biting louse, is about 1.5 millimeters in length with a dorsoventrally flattened body and a broad, flat head.
		Since the entire 20-day louse life cycle is spent on the hosts, louse control primarily involves isolating and treating infested dogs with insecticides.
	www.mic-d.com /gallery/brightfield/trichodectescanis.html (409 words)

	Cattle Lice: Life Cycle, Epidemiology, Pathology, Clinical Signs, Effect on Productivity, Treatment and Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The biting (chewing) louse is found mainly on the top of the head, shoulders, topline and tail head.
		Louse populations show a seasonal fluctuation throughout the year with infestations tending to increase in colder weather during the fall, winter and early spring.
		Louse infestations undergo seasonal fluctuations, but the source of infestation for the herd is direct animal-to-animal contact.
	www.vet.ksu.edu /cdroms/merial/training/98013.htm (1947 words)

	Louse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Each leg of a sucking louse has a claw at the end.
		The louse uses its claws to attach itself to hairs on the body of the host.
		There are two varieties of this species, the head louse and the body louse.
	www.worldbook.com /features/insects/html/types_meta_in_louse.html (337 words)

	Disease Focus – lice
		The incidence of chewing louse infestation is increasing in British sheep flocks, associated with the withdrawal of compulsory dipping and increasing usage of systemic endectocides for the control of sheep scab.
		Louse infestation is an important differential diagnosis for sheep scab and few producers are prepared to accept the presence patchy wool loss and obvious discomfort in their flocks.
		Chewing lice are found in fleece-covered areas of the back and flanks of sheep of all ages.
	www.nadis.org.uk /Chewing%20Lice%20in%20Sheep/CHEWIN_1.HTM (1130 words)

	Lice
		Fortunately, lice are known to the vast majority of cleanly people only by hearsay: as loathsome parasites not to be discussed in polite society, However, all warm-blooded animals are subject to lice and they are a problem on farms, in menageries and circuses, and among wildlife.
		The louse is a small wingless primitive insect, with a flattened body, which passes through three stages as an egg, a nymph and an adult.
		The head louse and the body louse, which attack all races of people, have very different habits but are now considered to be varieties of the same species.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /natbltn/200-299/nb292.htm (622 words)

	Ectoparasites \| 2 Lice
		Polyplax spinulosa (Anoplura) is the sucking louse of rats and acts as an occasional vector of murine typhus.
		It is important for transmission and explains why people with louse borne typhus often have remarkably few lice.
		A fine louse comb is then used to go through the hair, as near to the scalp as possible, from back to front.
	www.itg.be /itg/DistanceLearning/LectureNotesVandenEndenE/52_Ectoparasitesp2.htm (1159 words)

	Olympus MIC-D: Oblique Gallery - Canine Biting Louse
		In the wingless insect suborder of chewing lice (Mallophaga), Trichodectes canis is the louse species that most commonly feeds on domestic dogs and other canids such as coyotes, wolves, and foxes that often have contact dogs.
		Rather than needle-like mouthparts that pierce skin, chewing lice, as their names imply, have large, opposing mandibles used to feed on hair fragments, skin, and blood.
		Because the entire 20-day louse life cycle is spent on the hosts, louse control primarily involves isolating and treating infested dogs with insecticides.
	www.olympusmicro.com /micd/galleries/oblique/trichodectescanis1.html (438 words)

	G7011 Beef Cattle Lice Control, MU Extension
		Chewing lice feed on hair, scabs and excretions from the animal's skin and irritate the skin with their sharp claws and mandibles.
		Chewing lice infestations weaken the animal, interrupt normal feeding activities and make the animal more susceptible to diseases.
		The longnosed cattle louse is generally a pest of young cattle and is about 1/10 inch long.
	muextension.missouri.edu /xplor/agguides/pests/g07011.htm (1692 words)

	bird louse -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Bird lice feed on feathers, skin surface, and sometimes blood but normally are not harmful; however, if too numerous, their irritation may cause the bird to damage itself by scratching and may even interfere with egg production and the fattening of poultry.
		One of the sucking lice, the human louse, is the carrier of typhus and louse-borne relapsing fever; it thrives in...
		The winged louse flies, parasitic on birds, are usually dark brown in colour, flat in shape, and leathery in appearance.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9015351 (770 words)

	Lice Control on Cattle, G92-1112-A
		There are three species of blood-sucking and one species of chewing or biting lice in Nebraska.
		The Ivomec injectable wormer is very effective for the blood-feeding lice species, but may not control the chewing louse.
		Consequently, the chewing louse may increase within a herd.
	ianrpubs.unl.edu /insects/g1112.htm (937 words)

	AORN Online: Journal: March 2000: Clinical Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The life cycle of the louse is dependent on availability of a human blood meal and moderate temperature.
		Louse viability is possible between 59° F (15° C) and 100.4° F (38° C), which are common temperatures found in most OR suites.
		With the chewing motion and excessive talking, exhaled droplets containing bacteria are more likely to be expelled into the environment.
	www.aorn.org /Journal/2000/mar2kci.htm (2324 words)

	Collecting Mammal Lice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Two of these are the chewing lice (Amblycera and Ischnocera) and the third are the sucking lice, Anoplura.
		These can be difficult to distinguish from their chewing louse relatives without close examination.
		Plastic or metal louse combs can be cheaply purchased from most chemists and are very effective at removing lice and nits (louse eggs) when they are present.
	darwin.zoology.gla.ac.uk /~vsmith/mammal_louse_collection.html (1164 words)

	Lethbridge Research Centre Report - January 5, 2001 Page
		Even with brushes alone, there was a dramatic drop in the number of chewing lice for the first 17 days, suggesting that just the actual scratching activity had an impact on the louse population.
		Unfortunately, because the louse population entered a stage of natural decline about three weeks into the study, the final louse population of the animals with no backscratchers was about the same as those with backscratchers.
		Further work is expected to study the control method, and look at the possibility of using alternatives to insecticides in conjunction with the brushes, a method that would be a valuable option to organic producers as well.
	res2.agr.ca /lethbridge/rep2001/rep0105_e.htm (506 words)

	Nikon MicroscopyU: SMZ1500 Fluorescence Digital Image Gallery - Biting Louse
		Bovicola is the genus of tiny, external, parasitic insects commonly known as biting lice or chewing lice.
		These lice occur on birds and some mammals (such as cattle, horses, goats, sheep, cats, and dogs), and their mouthparts are designed to chew and feed on feathers, hair, and skin scales.
		The louse has a flattened body, a wide head with chewing mouthparts, legs that often have claws to grasp hairs and feathers, and no wings.
	www.microscopyu.com /galleries/smz1500/bovicolasmall.html (258 words)

	Goat Connection Forum
		Louse control is difficult since pesticides do not kill the louse egg.
		The goat biting louse and the sheep biting louse are of lesser significance.
		Foot louse - this louse prefers the feet and legs of goats and sheep.
	goatconnection.com /discus/messages/23/239.html (10313 words)

	A Guide To
		Mouthparts are chewing, and the head is wider than the prothorax.
		Three types of anoplurans parasitize human beings, the head louse, the body louse and the pubic louse.
		The head louse and the pubic louse (also called the crab louse) do not transmit disease, although their bites may be highly irritating.
	entomology.unl.edu /tmh/ent115/labs/diptera.htm (1848 words)

	Animal Parasitology
		For a toothache, one could place a live louse in a hole drilled in a bean.
		He had always been known as an individual who dressed raggedly in 8 layers of clothing and was louse infested.
		As his body grew cold and the faithful crowded into the church to pay their last respects, the lice residing in his clothing began exiting.
	www.ksu.edu /parasitology/classes/625arth41.html (703 words)

	Chicken Body Louse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Adult -- This yellowish, chewing louse has a flat body and is about 3 mm long.
		It has 3 pairs of short, two-clawed legs with 2 rows of setae on each abdominal segment and a pair of 4-segemented antenn ae.
		Damage -- The chicken body louse is most likely to be found on the lower body of its host.
	ipm.ncsu.edu /AG369/notes/chicken_body_louse.html (293 words)

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