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Topic: Chichimecs

In the News (Tue 22 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

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Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Peoples of the Land
		Chichimecs are short and hardy nomadic tribesmen who dwell in the northern deserts and the unknown lands beyond.
		Chichimecs tend to be short and stocky in stature.
		Chichimec religious life is centered on the tribal shaman who is often a master of ceremonial magic and herbal remedies.
	home.insightbb.com /~anahuac/aztec/race.htm (4918 words)

	ABOUT GUANAJUATO
		The Chichimecs' lifestyle and language varied from tribe to tribe, but they shared a nomadic existence dominated by the need to pursue their food wherever it might take them.
		Here, sheltered by the forest, but with the advantage of height on their side, the Chichimecs could be sure to know in advance of any potential enemies.
		The Chichimecs made objects of wicker, cane and similar materials and also worked and polished hard stones such as silica and obsidian.
	www.guanajuato.gob.mx /ingles/hispreispa.htm (846 words)

	history
		The Chichimec migration began to invade the central plateau in the late 12th century, with a chief named Xølotl leading the invasion in 1225.
		The Chichimecs of Xólotl probably mixed with Otomí in the Toltec lands and could appear to be equally ancient because of this.
		It appears that the Otomí did not strongly oppose the Chichimecs, and apparently the Otomí at Otumba, Tepotzotlán, Tulancingo, Pahuatlán and Papalocticpac paid tribute to Texcoco and were considered great warriors by the aristocratic Tlaxcalans; it was the Otomí, as allies of Tlaxcala, who rebuffed Moctezuma's army and faced Cortés on his arrival.
	www.home.earthlink.net /~kering/history.html (4118 words)

	Drake Invades Northwest Mexico--Part 1
		Chichimecs based on nomadic lifestyle or destructive raids on the Spanish were the Tezoles, the Tepeque, the Cocas, and the Tecuexes.
		The Chichimecs are to some extent coordinating their attacks with Drake's, keeping the weakened Spanish forces from concentrating completely on either threat.
		The slave trade tended to keep Indians hostile, and it also provided the Chichimecs with some of their most effective leaders, as slaves escaped or were released after their term of enslavement and went back to their people bitter and with an extensive knowledge of Spanish habits.
	members.aol.com /althist2/jun00/drake2.htm (4910 words)

	Aztecs History: Beginnings \| The Way People Live
		What is known for certain, however, is that groups of seminomadic peoples began migrating into the Valley of Mexico from the highlands to the north sometime during the twelfth century.
		Collectively known as Chichimecs, these bands shared similar cultural backgrounds and considered their homeland to be a place called Aztlan.
		One group of Chichimecs, the Mexicas, arrived in the Valley of Mexico after all the prime land in the valley had been taken.
	www.bookrags.com /history/aztecs/01.html (469 words)

	Tenayuca, Mexico
		As a product of the clash between the advanced civilisation of the Toltecs and the up-and-coming Chichimec empire, the serpent-shaped pyramid of Tenayuca is a classic example of the architectural styles that the Aztecs employed in constructing their temple pyramids.
		According to tradition Tenayuca (Náhuatl: "walled square") was where Chichimecs who had taken part in the destruction of Tula settled under their leader Xólotl ("immense") in ad 1224.
		From that point on Tenayuca came increasingly under the influence of other peoples such as the Tepanecs, Tlahuicas and the Mexica and from the middle of the 15th c.
	www.planetware.com /mexico/tenayuca-mex-mex-ty.htm (302 words)

	ABOUT GUANAJUATO
		In the southwestern valleys of Yuriria and Acambaro, the conditions were found to be excellent for pig farming as well as for raising chickens, mules and donkeys.
		Unsurprisingly, the Chichimecs responded with hostility to the Spanish occupation of their land, with its accompanying destruction, pillage and killing.
		In Acambaro, he decided to bring the gospel to the Chichimecs, who - although not totally without resistance - were gradually getting used to the idea of settling in one, fixed place, with streets and houses, and giving up their nomadic existence altogether.
	www.guanajuato.gob.mx /ingles/histoconqu.htm (1935 words)

	The Mystery of Quetzalcoatl
		Tezcatlipoca (identified by the stripes on his face) is more clearly a god of the Chichimecs, a people who rose to power in the wake of the Toltec collapse of 1168-1320.
		The Aztecs considered themselves to also have Chichimec lineage, as the Chichimecs were considered the more "masculine" of the Mexican peoples and to claim descent from them was to claim to have once been a rugged frontiersman.
		Tezcatlipoca, the "smoking mirror" a sorceror responsible for the fall of the Toltecs was possibly a Chichimec war god, or perhaps a god from the fertile birthplace of gods in the Huaxtec.
	www.rjames.com /Toltec/timeline.htm (1699 words)

	Mexico, A Brief History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These people are often referred to as Chichimecs, though they were a mixture of several linguistically distinctive cultural groups.
		In the rest of the country the natives were agriculturalists, which allowed the support of dense populations.
		The Tlaxcalans to the east, the Tarascans on the west, and the Chichimecs in the north were outside the Aztec domain and frequently warred with them.
	history-world.org /mexico.htm (2284 words)

	chichimecs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1526, HernÃ¡n CortÃ©s writes in one of his letters of the northern Chichimec tribes who were not as civilized as the the Aztecs he had conquered, but commented that they might be enslaved and used to work in the mines.
		This approach was followed by NuÃ±o BeltrÃ¡n de GuzmÃ¡n whose attempts to enslave the indigenous populations of northern Mexico provoked the MixtÃ³n Rebellion where Chichimec tribes resisted the Spanish forces.
		With his descriptions of the rich and different cultures of the various "uncivilized" tribes, the picture of the uniform Chichimec barbarians was changed - although in Mexican Spanish the word "Chichimeca" remains connected to an image of "savagery".
	www.petbuysonline.com /wiki/?title=Chichimecs (739 words)

	Anti Essays : : History of Mexico (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In general the tribes in the north were relatively small groups of hunters and gatherers who roamed large areas of sparsely vegetated deserts and dry lands.
		These people are often called the Chichimecs, though they were a mixture of several cultural groups who spoke different languages.
		The Tlaxcalans in the east, the Tarascans on the west, and the Chichimecs in the north were outside the Aztec Empire and they would sometimes have wars with them.
	www.antiessays.com /print.php?eid=722 (844 words)

	Figures of speech: pictorial history in the Quinatzin Map of about 1542 Art Bulletin, The - Find Articles
		But, as they are connected by a footprint path to the place sign at the lower right-hand corner of the panel, we know that they are Culhua of Culhuacan, direct descendants of the Toltecs.
		In contrast to the namelessness of the Chichimecs and their wilderness at top, the place sign of Culhuacan at lower right references a unique, fully identifiable ethnic group and polity anchored in space and time.
		In juxtaposition, the existential extremes, Chichimec and Toltec, form a dynamic symbiosis, with the culture and refinement of the latter both balancing and reacting to the nature and barbarism--and boundless energy--of the former, and vice versa.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0422/is_2_85/ai_104208975/pg_11 (564 words)

	History of the Oaxacan Coast
		In the fourth century, according to legend, a group of Chichimecs traveled from the Valley of Mexico to the coast of Jalisco and sailed to Huatulco.
		At the time of the Spanish conquest (1519-1522) the region was under the control of the lord of Tututepec.
		It is believed that the population descended from Chichimecs and spoke a Nahuatl dialect.
	www.tomzap.com /history.html (617 words)

	Expanded Bestiary (The Abominations)
		Chichimecs are the unwanted offspring of deities of the sky, air, and similar portfolios.
		Chichimecs batter any being that crosses their path with many wings, and a tail buffet.
		Unless its elementals are in range, a chichimec leads off with a wail of the banshee.
	www.imperiarp.org /reference/abom/beastabom.html (4665 words)

	La Cocina Norteña: The Cooking of Northern Mexico - MEXICAN COOKING - COCINA MEXICANA -
		The early inhabitants of the area, members of several tribes collectively known as Chichimecs, lived as hunter-gatherers long after their southern brethren had begun farming.
		Just as their prehistoric ancestors had subsisted on large land mammals, the Chichimecs hunted the deer, rabbit and wild turkey of the northern plains, and gathered whatever fruit and wild grasses they could find.
		The huge banquets and sophisticated dishes that greeted the Spaniards in Moctezuma's court were not to be found in the north, where people lived frugally and preserved what they could.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/recipes/puebla/kgcocinanorteindex.html (792 words)

	Mexica Uprising - In Support of World Wide Indigenous Revolution
		If the fanciful Lienzo lacks credibility as a reliable geographical source, it can probably be ascribed to a combination of the Spaniards' own limited knowledge of geography, the manner in which they suggestively posed their questions, and the natives' apparent eagerness to please.
		Initially, the most generally accepted scenario for the presence of the Purepecha in Michoacan and their admittedly late arrival there is that they were Chichimecs, nomadic hunters and gathers who pushed southward from the American Southwest or the Mexican plateau, together with waves of Toltec and Aztec migrants (Craine and Reindorp 1970, xiii).
		The absence of metallurgy among the Chichimecs, in contrast with the proficiency of the Purepecha, posed another dilemma.
	www.mexicauprising.net /Purpecha_Inca.html (3425 words)

	History, Myth, and Migration in Mesoamerica
		"Chichimecs," on the other hand, were the nomadic groups along the northern frontier of civilization and their settled cousins along the marches (Davies 1980, Gradie 1994).
		Late Postclassic central Mexican dynasties claimed to be descended from both lines, drawing youth and strength from the Chichimeca, age and wisdom from the Tolteca (Davies 1980:86).
		This charter of Toltec ancestry served to differentiate them from their "Chichimec" neighbors, and presumably the story contained within contributed to their maintenance of Nahua ethnicity.
	web.ku.edu /~hoopes/aztlan/History.htm (7286 words)

	Beutelspacher's Butterflies of Ancient Mexico Cultural Entomology Digest 4
		Some researchers, like Dr. Alfredo Barrera-Marín, Dr. Leonila Vázquez and Dr. Rafaél Martín del Campo, are fascinated with Mexico's natural and social history, and have found interesting examples of cultural entomology within writings, paintings and other cultural sources not destroyed by the Hispanic conquistadors.
		For many centuries before the conquest, and until the Colonial and Independent periods, butterflies, crickets, fleas, scorpions and spiders were studied by the Aztecs, Mayans, Chichimecs and other diverse peoples of Mexico.
		This divinity was the mother-goddess of Chichimec, substituted for Xochiquetzal when the Aztecs dominated this ethnic group.
	www.insects.org /ced4/beutelspacher.html (970 words)

	Azteca rules in English
		Each player controls one of the four major peoples of the valley of Mexico (Aztecs, Toltecs, Chichimecs and Tepanecs) that will fight for the control of the neighboring city-states.
		As the head of your armies, but also of a network of commercial and diplomatic agents, the pochtecas, you organize, with the sole goal of capturing the most sacrifice points, fights, expeditions, alliances and uprisings against the independent city-states or the empires of the other players.
		CHICHIMECS: "descendants of dogs", this term was not offensive and designated the gathering of nomad tribes coming from the north, who invaded the Mexico valley in successive waves.
	spotlightongames.com /rules/azteca.html (6872 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Quertaro de Arteaga - AOL Research & Learn
		Although Querétaro is developing an industrialized economy, most manufacturing remains concentrated in the capital.
		The territory was taken from the Chichimecs by the Spanish in 1531, but colonization did not begin until 1550.
		Later included in the intendancy of Guanajuato, Querétaro became a separate state in 1824.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/quertaro-de-arteaga/20051207025609990002 (142 words)

	Nuño Beltran de Guzmán - BY SHEP LENCHEK - IN MEXICO CONNECT
		Sealed off by mountains to both the East and West, and arid, desert-like land to the North, Mexico’s central altoplano, for eons was home to Nahua, Otomi, Huichol, Cora, Tepehua and Coyutec Indians.
		Only the Chichimecs, who lived in the foothills of the Eastern mountain range were warlike.
		It was a fertile, peaceful region, never dominated by the Aztecs.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/travel/slenchek/slguzman.html (905 words)

	Huejotzingo, Mexico
		Huejotzingo first made its appearance in Indian history in the 14th c.
		ad, when Náhuatl-speaking nomads from the north (Chichimecs) settled in this area.
		Thereafter they built up an independent state which for a time dominated the rival states of Cholula and Tlaxcala.
	www.planetware.com /mexico/huejotzingo-mex-pue-hjt.htm (264 words)

	Jordan: Mesoamerican Chronology
		Only one reference is provided per group, normally the time of the group's first or major appearance in the archaeological record.)
		Aztecs, Chichimecs, Chontàl Maya, Esperanza Phase People, Huastecs, Itzà Maya, Izapàn Maya, Kaqchikèl [Cakchiquel] Maya, K'ichè' [Quiché]Maya, Mam, Maya, Mixe-Zoqueans, Mixtecs, Mogollón, Olmecs, Otomí, Pipìl, Pokomàm Maya, Putùn Maya, Purépecha, Spanish, Tapachultecs, Tarascans, Teotihuacanos, Tèpenacs, Toltecs, Totonacs, Tzutuhìl Maya, Zapotecs.
		Factionalism and Chichimecs bring about Toltec fall about 1168 or so.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~dkjordan/arch/mexchron.html (3672 words)

	Accounts of Giants in North America, Page 2
		These books show two types of people, one from the west of the snow-covered mountains toward Mexico, and the other on the east, where Puebla and Cholula are found.
		"The few Chichimecs on the side of Mexico were brutal, savage men, and they were called Chichimecs because they were hunters.
		I do not have a very true account of this, and therefore will not attempt to tell the story that the natives told me even though it was long and worth hearing, of the battles that the Cholultecs fought with the Giants until they killed them or drove them from the country.
	www.stevequayle.com /Giants/N.Am/Giants.N.Am2.html (4315 words)

	México: Historia
		Many used bows and arrows, which were very superior to the rod or atlatl, used in Mesoamerica to fire darts.
		The Aztecs called these people Chichimecs, a term that referred to their language and primitive customs; this name was later used by the Spaniards.
		had surely forgotten that they too had once been Chichimecs.
	www.elbalero.gob.mx /kids/history/html/conquista/arido.html (135 words)

	Winning Writers - Poetry Contests and Resources for Poets and Writers
		This month's critique poem, "South of Presidio," impressed me with its gripping depiction of the harsh yet sublime landscape of the desert Southwest.
		(Based on the references to the Aztecs and Chichimecs, I'm guessing that the author is referring to Presidio, Texas, a small town near the Mexican border.) Though the poem loses focus after the first four stanzas, the strong opening convinced me that the author has the talent to make this piece even better.
		Poems that try to capture the spirit of a place are most effective when they make the place the central character.
	www.winningwriters.com /resources/critiques/2005/urc_0505wertheim.php (1279 words)

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