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Topic: Chief of the Imperial General Staff

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	Staff - LoveToKnow 1911
		Probably from the early use of the word for the letters of the alphabet, "staff" and its doublet "stave" came to be used of a line, verse or stanza, and in musical notation of the horizontal lines on which notes are placed to indicate the pitch.
		Although generals have always provided themselves with aides-de-camp and orderlies, the only official corresponding to a modern staff officer in a 16th or 1 7 th century army was the "sergeant-major-general" or "major-general," in whom was vested the responsibility of forming the army in battle array and also the command of the foot.
		A staff was a group of officers attached temporarily to headquarters and available for any mission which the commander thought fit to give them, and in the highly centralized armies of those days these missions (as regards junior officers) were practically limited to orderly work and reconnaissance, especially topographical reconnaissance.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Staff (2898 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Chief of the Imperial General Staff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS) was the title of the professional head of the British Army from 1908 to 1964.
		Chief of the Defence Staff The Chief of the Defence Staff is a term used for the head of the militaries in a number of n...
		Chief Secretary to the Treasury The Chief Secretary to the Treasury is a junior position in the Chancellor of the Excheq...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Chief_of_the_Imperial_General_Staff (884 words)

	LIEUTENANT GENERAL SIR GEORGE MONTAGUE HARPER, KCB, DSO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		General Harper had bought the rectory, Bradford Abbas, which was in the process of being remodeled.
		General and Lady Harper were pinned beneath the car, and when extricated the General was dead, apparently from a fractured skull, and Lady Harper was injured on the right arm and side.
		He wit I returned a verdict to the effect that General Harper died from a fracture of the skull caused by the car overturning, and that this was due to an accidental cause.
	hometown.aol.com /reubique/harper.htm (2413 words)

	Imperial General Headquarters - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Imperial General Headquarters or Daihonei, as part of the Supreme War Council was the supreme command for Japanese military forces during the World War II era.
		The Emperor of Japan was defined as the Head of State and the Generalissimo of the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces from 1889 to 1945.
		IJA General Staff - headed by a Chief (General Sugiyama) and several Vice Chiefs.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Imperial_General_Headquarters (202 words)

	British High Command - World War 2
		Chief of the Imperial General Staff from May 1940 until December 1941 when he was replaced due to poor health.
		Brooke replaced Dill as the Chief of the Imperial General Staff at the end of 1941.
		Chief of the Air Staff from 1940 onwards.
	www.secondworldwar.co.uk /brits.html (302 words)

	Book Review
		The apex of Robertson’s career was his service as Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS) from December 1915 to February 1918, a crucial period in British history when the nation was fighting for its survival in the unparalleled conflagration of the Great War.
		This fascinating book, while including initial chapters on Robertson’s early life and career and on his January to December 1915 tour of duty as Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France, focuses on Robertson’s tenure as CIGS, the controversial issues that dominated it, and the prosecution of the war effort.
		As a study in civil-military relations, in the policies and politics of the higher direction of war, and of generalship under adversity, this study is wholeheartedly recommended.
	www.defencejournal.com /2002/sept/field_marshal.htm (366 words)

	\| Book Review \| Journal of World History, 16.1 \| The History Cooperative
		Generally speaking, the result is eminently suited for undergraduate teaching, a survey that attempts to "tie it all together"—from roots to aftermath—by drawing on the latest insights into not just the war's military and diplomatic but also its economic, social, and cultural elements.
		In a historiography the author decries for its Eurocentrism, Morrow's persistence in exploring the colonial aspects of the war—and the impact of the predatory imperialism of the belle époque as a critical cause—constitutes one of the book's strengths.
		138), General Robertson (chief of the Imperial General Staff) is referred to as Robinson twice on the same page (p.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jwh/16.1/br_4.html (616 words)

	HyperWar: The Supreme Command (ETO) [Chapter 2]
		In the case of General Eisenhower, therefore, the wishes of the Combined Chiefs of Staff and the U.S. Chiefs of Staff were formally communicated by General Marshall.
		Inasmuch as orders to General Eisenhower from the Combined Chiefs of Staff and the U.S. Chiefs of Staff were channeled through the War Department, it was possible for General Marshall to maintain a close relationship with the Supreme Commander and to keep the United States point of view constantly before him.
		General Morgan and General Devers urged in the summer of 1943 that the United States establish similar headquarters in the United Kingdom, but not until October were the 1st U.S. Army Group and First U.S. Army activated.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/USA/USA-E-Supreme/USA-E-Supreme-2.html (7672 words)

	August 1914 Chronology - Biographies
		German Chief of Staff Sep.1914-Aug.1916; conceived Verdun offensive and was demoted after its failure; commanded 9th Army 1916-1917, conquering Romania; defeated by Allenby in Palestine, 1917-1918; commanded 10th Army in Lithuania, 1918-1919.
		Appointed chief of the General Staff over better-known colleagues, 1911; strongly encouraged the offensive doctrine that was in vogue at the time.
		Intelligent but high-strung nephew of the great Prussian Chief of Staff Moltke the Elder; served under his uncle and under Schlieffen; succeeded the latter as Chief of Staff in 1906, a role he was ill-suited for.
	cnparm.home.texas.net /Wars/Marne/MarneBios.htm (2442 words)

	Chief of Staff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The White House Chief of Staff, the highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States.
		These officers together may be called the Chiefs of Staff Committee or Joint Chiefs of Staff.
		The chief aide to the commander of larger military formations and units.
	chief-of-staff.kiwiki.homeip.net (275 words)

	Higher Organisation
		The Vice-Chief and Deputy-Chief of the Imperial General Staff joined as 4th and 5th Military Members the former responsible for operations, plans, intelligence and training, the latter for organisation and staff duties.
		The Adjutant General's Department had a branch, AG6, that was responsible or the posting of all artillery officers at regimental duty (ie not staff officers).
		He was responsible for the efficiency and maintenance of the forces in the theatre, for control and direction of their operations as a whole, and for the military government of all territory under martial law.
	members.tripod.com /~nigelef/higherorg.htm (2587 words)

	Endnotes for the Introduction
		In 1942 the President appointed him Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief.
		General Arnold became Chief of the Air Corps in 1938, Deputy Chief of Staff (Air) in 1940, and Commanding General, Army Air Forces, in 1942.
		General Eisenhower had served as assistant to the military adviser of the Philippine Islands from 1935 to 1940.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/books/wwii/sp1943-44/enintro.htm (1234 words)

	Books Of The Times - New York Times
		It is a minor account of arguments between the generals who led those armies, of their drinking and womanizing, their jealousies and petty complaints.
		There is no reference to where and when General Bradley made the statement, no indication from which of the archives it is drawn.
		Irving appears so eager to recount the personal and professional failings of the generals that he fails to give as much attention as he should to the actual course of the campaign.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9402E4D91E39F935A25757C0A967948260 (599 words)

	William Edmund Ironside, 1st Baron Ironside - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		After serving with distinction in the South African War and World War I, he was chosen (1918) to command the Allied forces at Archangel to aid Aleksandr Kolchak in fighting the Bolsheviks.
		On the outbreak of World War II, he was recalled to England to be chief of the imperial general staff.
		In 1940 he was briefly chief of the home forces in England.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Ironside.html (270 words)

	Chief of Defence Staff
		The British chief of defence staff flag was a development of the 1956 car flag of the Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, whose name was changed to Chief of Defence Staff in 1959.
		On 4 August 1965 the Chief of Defence Staff proposed that his flag should be changed and suggested the new Chief of Defence Staff badge in gold in the centre of the Union Flag.
		Any defaced Union already in existence (e.g., Chief of the Imperial General Staff flag) had not been sanctioned by the College of Arms and in strict sense was illegal.
	www.crwflags.com /FOTW/flags/gb^cdef.html (512 words)

	1967 General Nye
		He was appointed Major-General and Director of Staff Duties at the War Office in 1939, and was Lieutenant-General and Vice-Chief of the Imperial General Staff, 1941 -1945; Governor of Madras, 1946-1946; the United Kingdom's High Commissioner in Delhi, 1948 -1952; and High Commissioner to Canada, 1952 -1956.
		For example, the father of Peter Goble (K1947-52) was the Band Sergeant of the South Lancashire Regiment's Band in 1937, the Major A. Nye was with the Regiment and knew him as an approachable officer.
		The one time in General Nye's long military career in which he admitted using his position and prestige to effect changes of direct and personal concern to him had to do with the management of the school.
	www.achart.ca /york/general_nye.htm (1120 words)

	[No title]
		Within a week of his arrival in Washington he wrote to the American Chief of Staff, General Hugh L. Scott, and requested that a regular division be sent immediately across the Atlantic.
		On 28 September, Colonel P.D. Lochridge, acting Chief of the War College Division, issued a memorandum to the Chief of Staff relating several reasons why an Eastern campaign was not the proper role for the American Expeditionary Force.
		After Major General Peyton C. March assumed the position of Chief of Staff in the spring of 1918, the War College Division's role in strategic policy-making would be made official (at least in title- and that branch of the General Staff would be renamed the War Plans Division.
	history.eserver.org /wilson.txt (4698 words)

	First World War.com - Who's Who - Sir George Milne
		Serving with artillery at the Battle of Omdurman in 1898 he was subsequently a brevet Lieutenant-Colonel with Lord Kitchener's intelligence staff during the Second Boer War of 1899-1902.
		Prior to the outbreak of general war in August 1914 Milne found himself in command of 4th Division, with which he served during the early Battles of Le Cateau, 1st Marne and at the Aisne.
		From January 1916 Milne was placed in command of all British forces serving in Salonika; but his scope for command was severely limited by the determination of the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, Sir William Robertson, to prevent offensive operations in Salonika - in his opinion a pointless theatre for operations.
	www.firstworldwar.com /bio/milne.htm (428 words)

	Trenches on the Web - Bio: General John French (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Orders retreat of the BEF, Informs his staff of his intention to withdraw the BEF from the battle line to refit south of the River Seine.
		This attack was critical in forcing the Germans to retreat to the Aisne River (Battle of the Marne).
		French continues as Commander in Chief of the BEF, through the critical battles in the northwest where the Germans attempt to break the allied defenses at Ypres.
	www.worldwar1.com /bioefre.htm (293 words)

	Juno Beach Centre - Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery
		He was back on the front in 1916 and, after the war, served as Chief of General Staff for the 47th London Division.
		Montgomery wanted to use the troops supplied by the Dominions as if they were British units, dividing them up when the need arose, which was a cause for some friction with the Canadian General Staff and government, intent on maintaining the cohesion and the national character of their armies.
		Later on, he was appointed Chief Imperial General Staff from 1946 to 1948; Chairman, Western Europe Chiefs of Staff Committee from 1948 to 1951; and Deputy Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, from 1951 until he retired in 1958.
	www.junobeach.org /e/3/can-pep-gbr-monty-e.htm (700 words)

	Obituaries: Field Marshal Lord Carver Independent, The (London) - Find Articles
		Montgomery, no slouch when it came to ambition, wrote of Carver, "This officer thinks there is nothing but dead wood between him and the Chief of the Imperial General Staff." Carver attained Brigadier rank when he left his desk for the jungles of Kenya in the tough operation against the Mau Mau.
		He was then appointed Major-General, General Officer Commanding the Air Mobile 3 Division and it was his steadfastness and diplomatic skills which succeeded in stabilising a fraught situation in Cyprus.
		He became Chief of the General Staff in 1971 and finally, as many, including himself, had expected, Chief of the Defence Staff.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20011212/ai_n14440204 (989 words)

	Magickal Biographies: General J.F.C. Fuller
		Functioning always as a staff officer rather than a commander, Fuller was known as the "brain of the Tank Corps," a job that made his reputation.
		He was chief instructor at Camberley from 1923 to 1926, then military assistant to the chief of the Imperial General Staff, and then commander of the Experimental Mechanized Force.
		Fuller retired as a major general but was largely unemployed after turning down command of the experimental armored force in the late 1920s over a matter that to him involved principle but to everyone else was of little consequence (having to do with ancillary administrative duties he was expected to accomplish).
	www.voxxthepsychic.com /fullerbio.html (1438 words)

	Alanbrooke and Churchill - The Churchill Centre
		Accordingly, in the late Fifties, when he published his World War II diaries, The Turn of the Tide and Triumph in the West, they were something of a scandal for their pungent, even brutal words about Churchill.
		General Sir Harold Alexander, who was admired by Churchill, has "Many fine qualities but no very great strategic vision....It was very doubtful whether he was fit to command his Army" in North Africa.
		A successful general and a veteran of the Napoleonic wars, the Prussian Clausewitz, in his famous book, On War, warned officers that all war operations are to some degree permeated by political factors.
	www.winstonchurchill.org /i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=284 (3762 words)

	Armchair General Magazine: Interactive Military History
		Like "Ike," Montgomery was instantly recognizable by the single nickname – "Monty." The British soldier had a reassuring sense that their commanding general not only knew what he was doing but would look out for their welfare, and, most important of all – their lives.
		Rommel, Patton, and Montgomery made such a deep impression upon their men that they, in turn, felt a bond with their commander that all would be well as long as he led them.
		Other than [Field Marshal Sir Alan] Brooke [the Chief of the Imperial General Staff], whom he both respected and rather feared, no one intimidated Montgomery, not even Churchill with whom he maintained a spirited professional relationship that was devoid of the warmth and intimacy the prime minister enjoyed with men like Eisenhower and Alexander.
	www.armchairgeneral.com /articles.php?p=2240&page=1 (1088 words)

	French (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Member of Lord Garnet Wolseley's Nile expedition to relieve Gordon at Khartoum, in October 1899, was promoted major general and commanded the cavalry division of Buller's Expeditionary corps during the Second Boer War, fig hting at Ladysmith.
		In 1902 he became commander of Aldershot, and in 1912, Chief of the Imperial General Staff, which he resigned in April 1914 following the Curragh Mutiny.
		Replaced by General Haig on 15 December 1915, he was made Commander-in-Chief in the United Kingdom, and then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in May 1918.
	net.lib.byu.edu /~rdh7/wwi/bio/f/french.html (125 words)

	HyperWar: The War in France and Flanders 1939–1940 [Chapter V]
		On the 17th of May, while the withdrawal to the Escaut was in progress, General Georges had ordered the British 23rd Division to occupy sixteen miles of the Canal du Nord,[4] which runs from Douai to Péronne across the path of the oncoming enemy.
		General Pownall had then told the War Office that, as the French appeared unable to take effective action to close the gap in their front, Lord Gort was being forced to consider the possibility that he might have to withdraw towards the coast.
		He explained this to General Ironside and, in the absence of any fresh orders from the French commander under whom he served, he proceeded with arrangements for the limited offensive action south of Arras for which he had already ordered the 5th and 50th Divisions to prepare.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-NWE-Flanders/UK-NWE-Flanders-5.html (4109 words)

	Churchill and His Generals - The Churchill Centre
		The generals have in mind a concept of civil-military relations to which we still, amazingly, pay lip service: a world in which civilians provide resources, set goals, and step out of the way to let professionals do their professional work.
		A prime minister (or, for that matter, a president) may find his ability to seek counsel limited by the cliques in which generals often gather, and their tendency to shelter one another from the wrath of disappointed superiors.
		At the same time, the President and his civilian advisors ran an air war in isolation from their military advisors, on the basis of a weekly luncheon meeting from which men in uniform were excluded until halfway through the war.
	www.winstonchurchill.org /i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=611 (4402 words)

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