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	Child labor in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The National Child Labor Committee, an organization dedicated to the abolition of all child labor, was formed in 1904.
		The federal child labor laws are part of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938, as amended.
		In addition, they are not permitted to drive a motor vehicle on a public road as part of his or her employment, or serve as an outside helper on a motor vehicle on a public road.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Child_labor_laws (786 words)

	MSN Encarta - Child Labor
		Child Labor, designation formerly applied to the practice of employing young children in factories, now used to denote the employment of minors generally, especially in work that may interfere with their education or endanger their health.
		The use of child labor was not regarded a social problem until the introduction of the factory system.
		But in 1922 the Child Labor Tax Law, as it was known, was ruled unconstitutional for being overtly “prohibitory and regulatory.” In 1924 both houses of Congress passed an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, empowering Congress to limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons under 18 years of age.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761552027 (855 words)

	Child Labor Coalition: About Us
		Child labor laws evolved out of the belief that children should be in school instead of in factories or mines.
		The Fair Labor Standards Act prohibits "oppressive child labor." Oppressive child labor is defined as the employment of a minor in an occupation for which he or she does not meet the minimum age standard.
		Employment of children under age 16 by a parent (or a person in place of the child's parent) in their own enterprise, is excluded from the definition of oppressive child labor, provided the work is not in mining or manufacturing, or in an occupation declared hazardous by the Secretary of Labor.
	www.stopchildlabor.org /Archives/georget.html (2865 words)

	U.S. Department of Labor - Find It By Topic - Youth & Labor
		The Department of Labor is the sole federal agency that monitors child labor and enforces child labor laws.
		Child labor provisions under FLSA are designed to protect the educational opportunities of youth and prohibit their employment in jobs that are detrimental to their health and safety.
		The Bureau of Labor Statistics, which serves as a statistical resource to the Department of Labor, gathers statistics on a variety of subjects including those related to child labor.
	www.dol.gov /dol/topic/youthlabor (237 words)

	Child Labor in the United States - The Campaign to End Child Labor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		By Jim Zwick, a brief introduction to the origins and goals of the movement to end child labor and its legislative victories and defeats from the introduction of the first child labor bill in 1906 to passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938.
		The extent of child labor and conditions of work are documented in photographs, articles, poems and cartoons on children working in occupations ranging from acting to operating looms in textile mills.
		The development of state and federal child labor laws is documented with articles on legislation from the early 1900s to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938.
	www.boondocksnet.com /labor (605 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Issues: Children, Youth and Family: Child Labor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Child Labor Coalition - National US network for the exchange of information about child labor; providing a forum and a unified voice on protecting working minors and ending child labor exploitation; and developing informational and educational outreach to the public and private sectors.
		Child Workers in Asia - CWA is a network of individuals involved in the child labour movement in various countries in Asia.
		Child Labor in Pakistan - Pakistan has recently passed laws greatly limiting child labor and indentured servitude, but those laws are universally ignored, and some 11 million children, aged four to fourteen, keep that country's factories operating, often working in brutal and squalid conditions.
	dmoz.org /Society/Issues/Children,_Youth_and_Family/Child_Labor (1020 words)

	04.01.08: The History of Child Labor in the United States: Hammer v. Dagenhart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The unit that I have devised is to look at the role of the Supreme Court as it relates to child labor.
		The social reformers focused on welfare of the child and the abolishment of child labor.
		This bill was another endeavor to regulate child labor by enforcing a tax of 10% to industries employing children under the age of sixteen.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/2004/1/04.01.08.x.html (4265 words)

	George Meany Memorial Archives - Teacher's Guides: Child Labor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Child Labor in the United States provides two contrasting contemporary examples of problems associated with child labor in the United States and an outline of the federal laws used to protect school-aged children.
		Child Labor in Other Countries provides short examples of child labor abuses in other countries and a brief summary of international laws covering child labor.
		Child Labor: A Historical Perspective contrasts contemporary and eighty-year-old child labor photographs in order to give students a historical perspective on the topic.
	www.georgemeany.org /archives/labor.html (2658 words)

	Laila.html
		Social reformers began to condemn child labor because of its detrimental effect on the health and welfare of children.
		Child labor also occurred in coal-mining, where children would labor for long hours in the dark, damp mines, carrying coal on their backs up to the surface.
		Child labor first became an issue in the U.S. in the 1850's in large Northern cities like New York, worsening with increased industrialization.
	www.earlham.edu /~pols/globalprobs/children/Laila.html (895 words)

	Reader's Companion to American History - -CHILD LABOR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The minimal role of child labor in the United States today is one of the more remarkable changes in the social and economic life of the nation over the last two centuries.
		The new supply of child workers was matched by a tremendous expansion of American industry in the last quarter of the nineteenth century that increased the jobs suitable for children.
		Clearly, the United States has not yet eliminated all the abuses and violations, but it has met the objective of the child labor reformers and determined by law and general practice that children shall not be full-time workers.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_016300_childlabor.htm (1056 words)

	Children Rights
		Child farmworkers are routinely exposed to dangerous pesticides, suffering rashes, headaches, dizziness, nausea and vomiting.
		The current US law governing child farmworkers (the Fair Labor Standards Act) was written in 1938 when many families lived on farms, and children who worked in the fields were usually helping their parents farm land that they would eventually inherit.
		The law on child labor (the Fair Labor Standards Act) was first drafted in 1938, when many families lived on farms, and children who worked in the fields were usually helping their parents farm land that they would eventually inherit.
	www.hri.ca /children/texts/childfarmers.shtml (2084 words)

	Child Labor in U.S. History - The Child Labor Education Project
		By 1900, states varied considerably in whether they had child labor standards and in their content and degree of enforcement.
		Child labor began to decline as the labor and reform movements grew and labor standards in general began improving, increasing the political power of working people and other social reformers to demand legislation regulating child labor.
		The National Child Labor Committee’s work to end child labor was combined with efforts to provide free, compulsory education for all children, and culminated in the passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938, which set federal standards for child labor.
	www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu /laborctr/child_labor/about/us_history.html (710 words)

	Child Labor Cartoons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His photographs are the most enduring images from the crusade against child labor that began in the United States in the early 1900s.
		Child Labor Photographs by Lewis W. Hine, collection of 480 of Lewis Hine's photographs of young children working in mills, mines, factories, fields, and on city streets, photographed from 1908 to 1912 for the National Child Labor Committee.
		Child Labor and the Republic, proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of the National Child Labor Committee, December 1906.
	www.boondocksnet.com /gallery/child_labor_intro.html (634 words)

	Child Labor in the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Several states prohibited the employment of children but state laws were easily circumvented, and the largest industrial concerns were exempt from state regulations because they produced for an interstate, national, market.
		Hine, a reform minded photographer working for the National Child Labor Committee, documented the work of children in the modern factory.
		Goal: The object of this activity is to familiarize the class with the historical and emotional contexts surrounding child labor.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/6967 (549 words)

	AFT -Child-Labor-Resources
		The International Center on Child Labor and Education (ICCLE) is a nonprofit organization that focuses on child labor, slavery issues and mobilizing resources for the implementation of ILO Convention 182.
		The Global March Against Child Labor conducts several campaigns to promote public awareness about child labor.Through its Web site, visitorscan lobby governments around the world to ratify conventions, pass laws and establish policies that protect children from exploitive labor practices while guaranteeing their right to a free, quality education.
		United States Department of Laboris the primary federal agency that monitors child labor and enforces child labor laws.
	www.aft.org /topics/international/child-labor/resources.htm (560 words)

	Our Documents - Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916 (1916)
		In 1908, the National Child Labor Committee hired Lewis Hine as its staff photographer and sent him across the country to photograph and report on child labor (see Hine photo).
		The first child labor bill, the Keating-Owen bill of 1916, was based on Senator Albert J. Beveridge's proposal from 1906 and used the government's ability to regulate interstate commerce to regulate child labor.
		The campaign for ratification of the Child Labor Amendment was stalled in the 1920s by an effective campaign to discredit it.
	www.ourdocuments.gov /doc.php?flash=true&doc=59 (590 words)

	Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses Associated With Child Labor -- United States, 1993
		During 1983-1990, 1475 serious injuries among persons aged less than 18 years were associated with violations of federal child labor laws (10), and studies during the 1980s suggest that 38%-86% of work-related deaths among children were associated with activities prohibited by federal child labor laws (8).
		Employers should be knowledgeable about and comply with child labor laws, and school guidance counselors and physicians who sign work permits for children also should be familiar with child labor laws and ensure that the work they approve does not involve prohibited activities.
		However, each year, approximately 40 states participate in a federal/state cooperative program through which, in these states, the base sample is augmented to generate state-specific estimates that meet the individual needs of participating states.
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042188.htm (1694 words)

	WHAT IS "CHILD LABOR"
		Some child workers themselves think that illegal work (such as prostitution) should not be considered in the definition of "child labor." The reason: These child workers would like to be respected for their legal work, because they feel they have no other choice but to work.
		In 2000, the ILO estimates, "246 million child workers aged 5 and 17 were involved in child labor, of which 171 million were involved in work that by its nature is hazardous to their safety, physical or mental health, and moral development.
		More information about who child laborers are, where they live, and new statistics on the total number can be found on www.ilo.org; also, the US Dept. of Labor’s By The Sweat and Toil of Children, Vol.
	www.childlaborphotoproject.org /childlabor.html (2408 words)

	Anti
		United States human rights advocacy group focusing on the promotion and defense of workers' rights to end international human and labor rights abuses through popular movements against United States corporations.
		See country reports, view international child labor laws, action suggestions for teachers, students, labor unions, journalists and others, view current news reports, discuss the issues with others, sign a petition to stop child labor, download global march posters, view links.
		Learn about child refugees, hear children's stories, and their future hopes, view suggested teaching activities, link to directory of international campaigns and BBC news reports.
	www.luthersem.edu /camjad/justiceweb/labor.htm (727 words)

	webquest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Youth employment is booming in the United States.
		According to the Child Labor Coaltition, an estimated 5.5 million youth between the ages of 12 and 17 are employed.
		Nearly 70% of Child Labor occurs in agriculture, fishing, hunting and forestry.
	www.geocities.com /kculpdom/webquest.html (132 words)

	NOW with Bill Moyers. Politics & Economy. On the Border. Migrant Labor in United States \| PBS
		Their health is undermined by hard outdoor labor and exposure to pesticides — Department of Labor's Occupational Safety & Health Administration lists agriculture as the second most dangerous occupation in the United States.
		Always at the bottom of the economic ladder, the migrant labor population was filled time and again with marginalized groups — the poor, immigrants and racial minorities.
		Labor activist Cesar Chavez next brought the harsh conditions of farm work to the public stage in the 1960s and '70s.
	www.pbs.org /now/politics/migrants.html (989 words)

	DOL WHD: State Labor Laws
		State child labor laws applicable to agricultural employment
		NAGLO is a professional association consisting of the chief official in each state and territory of the United States responsible for overseeing the laws that protect and serve working men and women throughout the nation.
		The ILSA is an organization of officials responsible for administering and enforcing state labor laws.
	www.dol.gov /esa/programs/whd/state/state.htm (303 words)

	Teacher Lesson Plan - Child Labor in America
		To gain a true understanding of child labor, both as an historical and social issue, students should examine the worlds of real working children.
		This unit asks students to critically examine, respond to and report on photographs as historical evidence.
		Create a simulation of a town meeting in which the issue of child labor is discussed.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /ammem/ndlpedu/lessons/98/labor/plan.html (1232 words)

	Children for Hire — www.greenwood.com
		Levine traces the treatment of children in sweatshop, agricultural, retail, and service work in the United States roughly from the 1930s to the present, making it clear that child-labor problems persist to this day....Levine brings a distressing story to the attention of a broad audience, including academics, policymakers, and the general public.
		Documents a growing problem of illegal child labor in the United States and a laxity in the enforcement of federal regulations.
		This book is important reading for the general public, as well as for scholars and policymakers involved with children's and labor issues in the United States.
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/Q433.aspx (309 words)

	AP Study: Illegal Child Labor in the United States - Title Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Federal regulation of child labor in non-agricultural industries is contained in provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), enacted in 1938 and amended several times since then.{1} Most states also have laws applying a variety of higher standards to regulate the employment of children.
		While child labor has been a long-standing policy concern, there are no comprehensive data on the extent to which children work in violation of child labor laws.
		This report therefore uses a variety of datasets to analyze the extent of illegal employment of children and adolescents in the United States.{3} Section II describes the data sources used and their strengths and limitations, while Section III presents prevalence estimates of illegal child labor and explains their derivation.
	pangaea.org /street_children/americas/study1sec1.htm (419 words)

	Child Labor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One of the main side-effects of the Industrial Revolution was widespread child labor.
		One of the main causes of child labor in the United States was that thew factory owners hired the cheapest workers and the children got paid less than the average adult worker.
		From the Industrial Revolution the United States saw and understood the cruelties of child labor and has fought against it ever since, but it still doesn't bring back the dead and crippled children from the Industrial Revolution.
	asms.k12.ar.us /classes/humanities/amstud/97-98/childlab/childlab.htm (719 words)

	AP Study: Illegal Child Labor in the United States - Title Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The overall estimate is that about 148,000 children and youths work in violation of federal or state labor laws in an average week.
		Given this high number, another lesson from this study is that there is a strong case for developing better data regarding employment of children, in order to document legal and illegal child labor and study both the good and bad effects that they can have.
		One of the recommendations of the recent report of the NIOSH Child Labor Working Team is that NIOSH Òshould encourage BLS to conduct surveys and report data in a form that provides information about young workers, including workers under age 15 (NIOSH, 1997: 42).
	pangaea.org /street_children/americas/study1sec7.htm (291 words)

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