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Topic: Childhood amnesia

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	Childhood amnesia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Childhood amnesia is the inability of adults to remember the earliest years of their childhood.
		Childhood amnesia, despite the universal human experience that it is, was only first formally studied in 1893 by the psychologist Caroline Miles (Miles, 1893; Bauer, 2004).
		The incomplete development of language in young children may be a cause of childhood amnesia in that infants do not have the language capacity to encode autobiographical memories in a manner that the language-based adults can interpret correctly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Childhood_amnesia (1734 words)

	[No title]
		The offset of childhood amnesia, among those from the general population, appears to be directly related to the maturation of the right hemisphere including hippocampal structures (hippocampus, amygdala) which accounts for the visual-pictorial nature of first recallable memories.
		Hence, childhood amnesia may be due to programmed cell death, the isolation and single modal processing and storage of early memories, and their eventual submersion due to "synaptic overlay," i.e.
		Amnesia for early childhood experiences was a passive force, he argued, whereas repression is active and prevents conscious realization of unpleasant and emotionally traumatic experiences which are sometimes of a sexual or threatening nature.
	brainmind.com /Repression.html (11228 words)

	DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA
		Daniel, W.F., and Crovitz, H.F. ECT-induced alteration of psychogenic amnesia.
		Dittburner, T.L., and Persinger, M.A. Intensity of amnesia during hypnosis is positively correlated with estimated prevalence of sexual abuse and alien abductions: Implications for false memory syndrome.
		Loewenstein, R.J. Dissociative amnesia and dissociative fugue, pp.
	atrium.issd.org /membersonly/coons/coonsamnesia.html (3392 words)

	[No title]
		Amnesia for childhood appears to have its offset at about age 3.5, on average, with females forming their first recallable memories earlier than males.
		That is, as early experiences were negative, the length of childhood amnesia would therefore be greater, and first recallable memories would be formed at a later age, due to the deleterious effects of stress on memory and the brain.
		As per those individuals who claimed childhood abuse, but who also reported no memory before age 10 (that is, other than memories of "screaming," "yelling," and horrible emotional feelings), their reports of early abuse were judged to be authentic based on claims that the abuse continued throughout their teenage years.
	brainmind.com /TraumaAmnesia.html (6199 words)

	Anxiety Zone - Dissociative amnesia
		Amnesia is a condition in which memory is disturbed.
		The memories of the event that caused the amnesia are often never recalled.
		Traumatic amnesia is often transient, the duration of the amnesia is related to the degree of injury and may give an indication of the prognosis for recovery of other functions.
	www.anxietyzone.com /conditions/dissociative_amnesia.html (570 words)

	Bruce, et. al (2000). On the transition from childhood amnesia to the recall of personal memories
		Childhood amnesia is the impoverished recall by adults of autobiographical memories from early childhood.
		The focus of this research is to estimate when the transition from childhood amnesia to recollection of personal memories occurs.
		Conclusion: The transition from childhood amnesia to episodic memory occurs somewhere between 3 and 7 years of age.
	www.uark.edu /misc/lampinen/read/bruce00.html (1047 words)

	Types of Amnesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Traumatic amnesia is caused by brain damage from a hard blow to the head, such as in a car accident.
		Some say this type of amnesia could be linked to language development or the fact that some areas of the brain linked to memory were not fully mature.
		Transient global amnesia is the sudden appearance of severe, forgetful confusion lasting from as little as 30-60 minutes to as long as 12 hours or more.
	www.bellmore-merrick.k12.ny.us /mepham/APPsych/ch9am.htm (352 words)

	Amnesia presented in Medicine section
		Amnesia, the partial or complete loss of memory, most commonly is temporary and for only a short span of experience.
		If the amnesia is caused by alcohol abuse, it is a progressive disorder, and there are usually neurological problems like uncoordinated movements and loss of feeling in the fingers and toes.
		Traumatic amnesia: This follows brain damage caused by a severe non-penetrative blow to the head, such as in a road accident.
	www.newsfinder.org /site/more/amnesia (569 words)

	What Are Dissociative Disorders? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Dissociative Amnesia is especially difficult to assess in preadolescent children, because it may be confused with inattention, anxiety, oppositional behavior, Learning Disorders, psychotic disturbances, and developmentally appropriate childhood amnesia (i.e., the decreased recall of autobiographical events that occurred before age 5).
		Acute amnesia may resolve spontaneously after the individual is removed from the traumatic circumstances with which the amnesia was associated (e.g., a soldier with localized amnesia after several days of intense combat may spontaneously regain memory of these experiences after being removed from the battlefield).
		Malingered amnesia is more common in individuals presenting with acute, florid symptoms in a context in which potential secondary gain is evident--for example, financial or legal problems or the desire to avoid combat, although true amnesia may also be associated with such stressors.
	www.m-a-h.net /library/did-general/mpd-did.htm (5917 words)

	Can Memories be Repressed?
		The questionnaire contained a single question regarding amnesia for sexual abuse: 'During the period of time between when the first forced sexual experience happened and your eighteenth birthday was there ever a time when you could not remember the forced sexual experience?' A total of 267 (59%) of the 450 subjects answered 'yes'.
		Williams' results may also reflect normal childhood amnesia: 25 (51%) of her 49 non-reporting subjects had experienced their index episode of abuse at age six or earlier.
		Thus, Williams' 38% rate of non-reporting might be readily explained as a combination of cases of early childhood amnesia, cases or ordinary forgetfulness, and perhaps many cases of failure to report information actually remembered.
	www.fmsfonline.org /pope95.html (3861 words)

	The Leadership Council - Trauma and Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Research shows that a period of either partial or full amnesia is reported by between 30 and 90% of adult victims of childhood sexual abuse.
		The reality of traumatic amnesia is further supported by investigations of memory and attention in carefully controlled laboratory settings.
		Childhood abuse recollections in a non-clinical population: Forgetting, secrecy, dissociation, and absorption.
	www.leadershipcouncil.org /1/tm/prev.html (1214 words)

	KGBIZ05.com® \| RSS FEED \| AMNESIA
		Psychogenic Amnesia - Results from a psychological cause as opposed to direct damage to the brain caused by head injury, physical trauma or disease, which is known as organic amnesia.
		Amnesia treatment using Rosemary - The most remarkable remedy for loss of memory or forgetfulness is the use of the herb rosemary, botanically known as Romarinus officinalis.
		Amnesia treatment using Other Fruits - All fruits which are rich in phosphorus are valuable mitigators of amnesia, as they invigorate the brain cells and tissues.
	www.kgbiz05.com /RSS/amnesia.html (1391 words)

	Infantile Amnesia Lecture
		Infantile amnesia refers to the general inability of people to remember specific events from the early years of their lives.
		His notion was that early childhood memories, particularly sexual ones, were too frightening and distasteful to the child to be preserved as such.
		The general premise of this 'selective reconstruction' model was that the inaccessibility of early childhood memories was due to a disjunction between the earliest and later modes of processing information.
	pages.slc.edu /~ebj/iminds01/notes/L8-infantile-amnesia/L8-inf-amn.html (2100 words)

	Selected Traumatic Amnesia Publications
		Why amnesia is a response to childhood abuse, the cognitive architecture of these dissociations, why and how traumatic amnesia occurs, and the implications of these findings are discussed.
		Amnesia enables the child to maintain an attachment with a figure vital to survival, development, and thriving.
		According to betrayal trauma theory, a potent motivation for knowledge isolation (including amnesia, dissociation, and unawareness) in the face of trauma is to preserve apparently necessary human relationships in which betrayal occurs.
	dynamic.uoregon.edu /~jjf/traumapapers.html (6238 words)

	Oh Where, Oh Where Have Those Early Memories Gone?
		Beyond early childhood, she focuses on the questions of how changes in basic mnemonic processes, and how the socio-cultural environment in which development takes place, contribute to age-related changes and to individual variability in autobiographical or personal memory.
		Forgetting is in fact a critical component of the definition of childhood amnesia: a smaller number of memories from before the age of 7 years than would be expected based on forgetting alone.
		Application of the adult standard to data from early childhood was considered acceptable because of a widely held assumption that the rate of forgetting is a constant across the lifespan (e.g., Rubin and Wenzel, 1996).
	www.apa.org /science/psa/sb-bauer.html (2292 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 Memory Experience - Understanding childhood amnesia
		Child or infantile amnesia refers to the general inability of people to remember specific events from the early years of their lives.
		The most controversial belonged to psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud who believed childhood amnesia was a response to sexual repression.
		Perhaps all of your childhood memories are still intact but in a form you can't access anymore.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/memory/understand/childhood_amnesia.shtml (2272 words)

	Amnesia In Childhood Sexual Abuse Victims (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Amnesia, partial amnesia, and delayed recall among adult survivors of childhood trauma.
		Childhood memory and a history of different forms of abuse.
		Although the studies had various methodologies every one showed evidence of repressed memory, and with the exception of 2 studies, were relatively uniform in the percentage of repression.
	www.sidran.org /refs/ref3.html (1576 words)

	Amnesia Encyclopedia of Psychology - Find Articles
		Contrary to the popular notion of amnesia-in which a person suffers a severe blow to the head, for example, and cannot recall his or her past life and experiences-the principal symptom of amnesia is the inability to retain new information, beginning at the point at which the amnesia began.
		Anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to recall events or facts introduced since the amnesia began.
		Childhood amnesia, a term coined by Anna Freud in the late 1940s, refers to the fact that most people cannot recall childhood experiences during the first three to five years of life.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0000/ai_2699000016 (444 words)

	[No title]
		The pattern of metabolic depression, with sparing of the hippocampal area, is one among the distinct patterns of brain dysfunction that underlie the (apparently) uniform clinical presentation of transient global amnesia.
		Anterograde amnesia was incomplete in the first two episodes but the third and fourth were clinically indistinguishable from transient global amnesia.
		Many consider the duration of PTA (what some recent researchers have suggested might be better called posttraumatic confusional state) the best indicator of traumatic brain injury severity and the most dependable factor in predicting outcome, even in mild cases.
	www.lycos.com /info/amnesia--brain.html (435 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Medical notes \| Amnesia
		Amnesia is a term used to cover the partial or complete loss of memory.
		The causes of amnesia range from psychological trauma to brain damage caused by a blow to the head or conditions such as a brain tumour, a stroke or swelling of the brain.
		Treatment varies according to the type of amnesia and the suspected cause.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/medical_notes/167771.stm (398 words)

	MPD/DID.html
		Along with amnesia for the abuse, they believe that "survivors" have a variety of symptoms and that the patient must be helped to retrieve her memories so she can process the trauma and heal (e.g., Bass and Davis, 1988; Blume, 1990; Courtois, 1992; Dolan, 1991; Fredrickson, 1992).
		Infant amnesia is part of the normal process of memory development and has nothing to do with dissociation, repression, or traumatic amnesia.
		It is not likely that a person would have total amnesia for a series of events along with no awareness of these memory gaps until a therapist helps him or her recover the lost memories.
	www.tc.umn.edu /nlhome/g012/under006/Library/MPD_DID.html (6528 words)

	Jay Ingram's Blog: JITOTM10: Childhood Amnesia
		Childhood amnesia is a fascinating, and somewhat perplexing fact of growing up.
		For reasons that remain unclear, it's really not possible to show definitively that anyone can remember anything accurately if it happened before the age of three or four.
		As Jay puts it, "it may be a software issue," but what's really cool is the experimental "machine" designed to see how that software might function.
	www.jayingram.ca /2006/03/jitotm10-childhood-amnesia.html (491 words)

	Custer's Last Stand
		Examples of this latter "amnesia that isn't" include people who lack rapport with the interviewer, who wish to protect someone, who feel too embarrassed to discuss something, who are attempting to toll a statute of limitations, or who otherwise stand to derive benefit from claiming amnesia.
		Adult memory disturbances [of] childhood abuse are associated with, [or] due to, a mixture of misappraisal, cognitive avoidance, and dissociation.
		It must be shown (1) that a child beyond the age of infantile or childhood amnesia actually experienced a traumatic event unlikely to be forgotten; and (2) that this person later actually forgot the event.
	www.fmsfonline.org /custer.html (15096 words)

	Memories of Childhood Abuse: Dissociation, Amnesia, and Corroboration -- Chu et al. 156 (5): 749 -- Am J Psychiatry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Memories of Childhood Abuse: Dissociation, Amnesia, and Corroboration -- Chu et al.
		was correlated with the degree of amnesia and to examine the
		Williams LM: Recall of childhood trauma: a prospective study of women's memories of child sexual abuse.
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/156/5/749 (3873 words)

	Monitor on Psychology - On the other hand, maybe I do remember...
		Everyone has “childhood amnesia” to some degree: No one can recall memories from infancy or early toddlerhood.
		At the time, he says, he realized that two things happen around age 4 or 5: The corpus callosum—the bundle of nerve cells that connects the two hemispheres of the brain—starts to become functional, and childhood amnesia goes away.
		In early childhood memories, the line between what we personally remember and what we’ve been told by others is fuzzy, Christman says, and so he suspects that even the secondhand stories might involve some episodic memory.
	www.apa.org /monitor/jun06/remember.html (1117 words)

	Prevent Disease.com - Childhood Amnesia Found At Around Age 10
		The first study to systematically mark the onset of "childhood amnesia" found that by the time children are 10, their preschool memories have already faded away.
		She said her findings from a study of 136 children ages 6 to 19 years old further deepen the mystery surrounding childhood amnesia, which refers to adults' inability to recall events that occurred before the age of 4.
		Peterson noted that 3- and 4-year-old children can easily recall events from their second year.
	preventdisease.com /news/articles/101005_childhood_amnesia.shtml (339 words)

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