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Topic: Chilean Civil War

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History of Chile

	Chilean Civil War - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Chilean civil war grew out of political dissensions between the president of Chile, J. Balmaceda, and his congress (see Chile: History), and began in January 1891.
		The rank and file of the army remained faithful to the executive, and thus in the early part of the war the "Gobernistas," speaking broadly, possessed an army without a fleet, the congress a fleet without an army.
		The Congressional Junta de Gobierno now established in Iquique prosecuted the war vigorously, and by the end of April the whole country was in the hands of the "rebels" from the Peruvian border to the outposts of the Balmacedists at Coquimbo and La Serena.
	28.1911encyclopedia.org /C/CH/CHILEAN_CIVIL_WAR.htm (1193 words)

	Crimes Of War Project > The Book
		Wars today increasingly are fought not between armies where officers are bound by notions of honor but by fighters, many of them children, who are not soldiers in any conventional sense of the word.
		As horrible as the death toll was in World War I, the millions who died were, by and large, killed on the battlefield—soldiers killed by soldiers, not civilians killed by lawless or random or planned savagery.
		But their mandate and their training usually does not encompass trying to stop or even report on war crimes, and they are at risk of expulsion, with all that this entails for the endangered populations they are trying to serve, if they publicly cross that line.
	www.crimesofwar.org /thebook/preface.html (2433 words)

	Chile - IBWiki
		A massive Mapuche insurrection that began in 1706 - called by the Chilean historians "The Great Araucanian Offensive" - resulted in a major setback for the Chilean authorities - half of the population of Santiago del Nuevo Extremo was hanged or enslaved - and the destruction of many of the colony's principal settlements.
		As a result of the War of the Pacific with Peru and Charcas (1879-83), Chile expanded its territory northward by almost one-third, eliminating Charcas' access to the Pacific, and acquired valuable nitrate deposits, the exploitation of which led to an era of national affluence.
		However, the Civil War had also been a contest between those who favored the development of local industries and powerful Chilean banking interests, particularly the House of Edwards who had strong ties to foreign investors.
	ib.frath.net /w/Chile (945 words)

	Destroyer
		The naval destroyer originated shortly after the Chilean Civil War[?] of 1891 and in the Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895).
		This required them to have the speed and range of the battleships, so destroyers were often much larger than the boats they were designed to counter.
		This led to an equally rapid evolution of the destroyer during the war, which quickly equipped with depth charges and sonar for countering this new threat.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/de/Destroyers.html (790 words)

	Torpedo
		The term became generally used to refer to tethered naval mine s, developed in the American Civil War in the 1860s by Matthew F. Maury, a Confederate Admiral (these are what David Farragut was referring to when he ordered his men to "damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead").
		During the Civil War, the term "torpedo" was also used to refer to various types of bombs and booby trap s.
		In another early use of the torpedo, '' Blanco Encalada '' was sunk by a torpedo from the gunboat '' Almirante Lynch '', during the Chilean Civil War on April 23 1891.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/torpedo (3343 words)

	Chapter 2-- History / Case Study
		In Chile between 1823 and 1830 the development of political ideas, the formation of faction (not yet genuine political parties), the attempts to turn the ideas of a faction into action or policy, the adoption of nonindigenous philosophies, and the lust for power were all dependent on control of, or good relations with, the military.
		The war that culminated at Yungay was extremely significant in that it strengthened the relationship molded by Portales: a military obedient to civilian authority and designed to defend as well as maintain order...
		The triumph at Yungay made the Chilean Army a source of national pride as a legitimate means of preserving and extending Chilean power and dignity.
	www.geocities.com /ajhrhodes/doc-two.htm (6308 words)

	Place:Chile - Genealogy
		As a result of the War of the Pacific with Peru and Bolivia (1879–83), Chile expanded its territory northward by almost one-third, eliminating Bolivia's access to the Pacific, and acquired valuable nitrate deposits, the exploitation of which led to an era of national affluence.
		Despite pressure from the government of the United States, the Chilean Congress, keeping with tradition, conducted a runoff vote between the leading candidates, Allende and former president Jorge Alessandri and chose Allende by a vote of 153 to 35.
		Chileans elected a new president and the majority of members of a two-chamber congress on December 14, 1989.
	www.werelate.org /wiki/Place:Chile (1861 words)

	CHILEAN CIVIL WAR (1891) - Online Information article about CHILEAN CIVIL WAR (1891)
		October 1879 the " Huascar " was brought to action off Angamos by the " Blanco Encalada," and the " Almirante Cochrane." Grau was outmatched as hopelessly and made as brave a fight as Prat at Iquique.
		The tardy pursuit of the Chileans ended in the battle of Tarapaca on the 27th.
		The Chilean army was reorganized during the summer, and prepared for its next operation, this time against Lima itself.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CHA_CHR/CHILEAN_CIVIL_WAR_1891_.html (3141 words)

	Chile: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Chileans voted in the first round of presidential elections on December 11, 2005.
		In 2005, the Chilean congress passed a reform to create two new regions, one in the north, around the city of Arica, and one in the south centered around Valdivia (aka Region of the Rivers).
		The percentage of Chileans with incomes below the poverty line—defined as twice the cost of satisfying a person's minimal nutritional needs—fell from 46% in 1987 to around 18.8% in 2005 as proclaimed by the then president Ricardo Lagos.
	winelib.com /wiki/Chile (3997 words)

	Torpedo Summary
		During the American Civil War a "torpedo" was usually a "contact mine" above water using a "demijohn" or a similar container that would float, and below water tethered to the bottom using a line and a weight holding the contact mine just below the surface to sink a ship.
		During the Civil War, the term "torpedo" was also used to refer to various types of bombs and booby traps.
		In another early use of the torpedo, Blanco Encalada was sunk by a torpedo from the gunboat Almirante Lynch, during the Chilean Civil War on April 23 1891.
	www.bookrags.com /Torpedo (4209 words)

	Pinochet's crimes only against Left [Free Republic]
		Nor is it indignation that the Chilean has escaped justice by arranging a peace and reconcialiation pact under which he left office, the truth was published about the Chilean civil war and coup, and an amnesty promulgated for both sides.
		I think that the Civil War was a bit of a "national test"...but that aside, maybe as much as our nuclear arsenal and our oceans..a battered little document known as the U.S. Constitution may have had a little influence.
		By the way, the violence before and after the military takeover was part of a low-grade civil war, which, as Johnson describes, was prevented from becoming a US-style civil war by the intervention of the armed forces - and even the police force.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3884d6e24009.htm (8139 words)

	Host Country
		As a result of the War of the Pacific with Peru and Bolivia (1879-83), Chile expanded its territory northward by almost one-third, eliminating Bolivia's access to the Pacific, and acquired valuable nitrate deposits, the exploitation of which led to an era of national affluence.
		The share of Chileans with incomes below the poverty line--defined as twice the cost of satisfying a person's minimal nutritional needs--fell from 46% of the population in 1987 to 18.8% in 2003.
		Chilean imports increased 30% in 2004, to $23 billion, reflecting a positive change in consumer demand and economic recovery.
	www.isfsports.org /sports/default_print.asp?id=337 (4299 words)

	Kissinger approved Argentinian 'dirty war'
		Henry Kissinger gave his approval to the "dirty war" in Argentina in the 1970s in which up to 30,000 people were killed, according to newly declassified US state department documents.
		The revelations, which were also announced at a conference in Argentina yesterday, confirm suspicions at the time that the regime would not have continued to carry out atrocities unless it had the tacit approval of the US, on which it was dependent for financial and military aid.
		Mr Kissinger has been asked by the Chilean authorities to give evidence in connection with human rights abuses during the 1973 Chilean coup and the support he gave to the former dictator, General Augusto Pinochet.
	www.prisonplanet.com /120603dirtywar.html (864 words)

	War criminals that the U.S. likes
		Meanwhile, a Chilean court declared that Pinochet wouldn't stand trial due to "health concerns"--and released the butcher back to his retirement mansion.
		After he signed the U.S.--imposed Dayton "peace" accords that ended the civil war in Bosnia in 1995, Milosevic became the U.S.'s ally in maintaining "stability" in the Balkans.
		Why is it a war crime to order the shooting of civilians with a rifle, but not to order their incineration with bombs dropped from 20,000 feet by a stealth bomber?
	www.socialistworker.org /2001/373/373_03_WarCriminals.shtml (481 words)

	Chile: History - K12 Academics
		Frei refused to form an alliance with Alessandri to oppose Allende, on the grounds that the Christian Democrats were a workers party and could not make common cause with the oligarchs.
		In January 2006 Chileans elected their first woman president, Michelle Bachelet Jeria, of the Socialist Party.
		She was sworn in on March 11, 2006, continuing the Concertación coalition governance for another four years.
	www.k12academics.com /chile_history.htm (1783 words)

	civilwar
		The American Civil War and the Spanish Civil War were primarily wars of principle.
		Whitman served as a nurse in war hospitals during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and his poem Drum Taps, published just after the war ended, chronicles his war experience and serves as a record of the conflict.
		Neruda served as Chilean consul to Spain in the Republican capital city of Madrid during its bombardment by Federalist forces and later rallied for the Republican cause after being removed from his position.
	www.resnet.wm.edu /~nbcloe/civilwar.html (1466 words)

	War's impact told in family letters - Civil War - The Washington Times, America's Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As the war dragged on, the family saw Union and Confederate units moving up and down their road almost daily.
		Many of the letters are from Confederate soldiers because Kate was so popular before the war that a number of young gentlemen wrote to her, some with marriage proposals.
		After the war began, she soon made it known that the correspondence that would remain welcome would be from those in uniform.
	washtimes.com /civilwar/20060929-092144-2266r.htm (673 words)

	ipedia.com: United States Navy Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The War Department administered naval affairs from that year until Congress established the Department of the Navy on April 30, 1798.
		During the American Civil War, the Navy was an innovator in the use of ironclad warships, but after the war slipped into obsolescence.
		The Navy saw relatively little action during World War I, but the primary goal of the attack on Pearl Harbor was to cripple the Navy in the Pacific Ocean.
	www.ipedia.com /united_states_navy.html (2842 words)

	The Destructor -100 Years
		Ships-of- the-line became battleships while cruisers traced their heritage to the frigates of the time and aircraft carriers were built from colliers and battle cruisers, but there was nothing similar to the destroyer.
		Destroyers were the answer to a new threat that had made a devastating debut in the Chilean Civil War of 1891 and the Sino-Japanese War of 1894.
		By the end of the war the U.S. had the largest destroyer fleet in the world, but the Disarmament Treaty of 1922 caused more than 200 of these valiant ships to be decommissioned while 40 more were scrapped.
	www.quarterdeck.org /100th/DDs.htm (1355 words)

	America & Imperialism
		War fever flared, coastal cities armed and prepared, but war was averted as Fish moderated U.S. demands.
		Philippine revolutionary Emilio Aguinaldo refused to exchange Spanish occupation for American and continued his insurrection against the new American "invaders." The result was one of the ugliest wars in American history, and the war and the annexation of the Philippines created a large controversy over America's role as an imperial power.
		Imperialists argued that the U.S. had a duty to help civilize and control the underdeveloped parts of the world, but Anti-Imperialist League was founded that opposed America's acquisition of colonies as anti-democratic and destructive of American ideals.
	www.sagehistory.net /worldpower/imperialism.htm (2536 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Chile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Chilean economy finished 2004 with growth of 6.1% and its economic growth in 2005 was 6.3%.
		The commander in chief of the Chilean Army is Maj. Gen.
		Chileans descended from non-Spanish European immigrants are numerous.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/chile (6722 words)

	Augusto Pinochet and the Conservative Threat to America
		While the Bush administration often suggests that the U.S. “war on terrorism” is something new, the fact is that the “war on terrorism” was the central element of General Pinochet’s 17 years of brutal military rule in Chile.
		Pinochet’s “war on terrorism” entailed all the features of the Bush administration’s “war on terrorism” — torture, murder, sex abuse, denial of civil liberties, indefinite detentions, “renditions,” and disappearances of suspected terrorists.
		In 1970 the Chilean people elected a socialist and avowed Marxist, Salvador Allende, to be their president.
	www.fff.org /comment/com0501d.asp (2772 words)

	The US Navy
		The destroyer evolved from the need of navies to counter a new ship which made a devastating debut in the Chilean Civil War of 1891 and in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894.
		This was the swift, small torpedo boat that could dash in close to the larger ships, loose their torpedoes and dash away.
		From the first U.S. destroyer commissioned in 1902 to the famous ships of World War II to the Spruance-class to the Arleigh Burke-class, the U.S. Navy's destroyers have been evolving.
	www.navy.mil /navydata/ships/destroyers/destroyers.asp (141 words)

	Untitled Document
		Chile proclaimed its independence from Spain February 12, 1818; however, much of Chilean society maintained a colonial structure throughout the 19th century.
		The Chilean Civil War of 1891 led the people into the 20th century under the direction of President Jorge Montt.
		In 1932, the Radicals formed, becoming a strong force in Chilean government for the next two decades.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~ahnashha/Chileanhistory.html (267 words)

	CENTER FOR CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
		What we are facing now is a permanent war, a war in which the United States military response to 9/11 was essentially a unilateral response, a bypassing of international institutions and a non-adherence to and refusal to abide by and sign certain treaties.
		Of course, a permanent war abroad means even more money to the military, more military bases, more bombings and more killings.
		A permanent war aboard also means permanent anger against the United States by those countries and people that will be devastated by military actions.
	www.humanrightsnow.org /permanentwar.htm (3184 words)

	CNN Cold War - Backyard: Episode Recap
		The Chilean economy was increasingly put under state control -- a move that upset overseas financiers.
		CIA money helped pay for Chilean truck owners to bring the country to a standstill.
		At the United Nations, Allende accused telecommunications conglomerate ITT of trying to provoke a civil war.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/18/recap/3.html (173 words)

	Destroyer Introduction
		In the early months of the war, the United States was neutral, although American lives were being lost as a result of German submarine warfare against British merchantmen.
		By the end of the "war to end all wars," the U.S. had the largest destroyer fleet in the world, but, the Disarmament Treaty of 1922 caused more than 200 of these valiant ships to be decommissioned while 40 more were scrapped.
		The war in the Atlantic saw the destroyer perform many varied tasks from hunting and destroying German submarines to rescuing downed airmen.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/ship/dd-intro.htm (2810 words)

	Why War? Lessons of a Catastrophe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		On September 11, 1973, the Chilean military overthrew the constitutional government of Salvador Allende, who was trying, for the first time on this planet, to build socialism through peaceful and electoral means.
		In the sacred name of security and as part of an endless and stage-managed war against terrorism, defined in a multitude of ever-shifting and vague forms, a number of civil liberties of American citizens have been perilously curtailed, not to mention the rights of non-Americans inside the borders of the United States.
		The situation abroad is even worse, as the war against terror is used to excuse an attrition of liberty in democratic and authoritarian societies the world over.
	www.why-war.com /news/2003/09/11/lessonso.html (868 words)

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