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Topic: China and weapons of mass destruction

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	World Tribune.com: U.S.: China sells weapons of mass destruction to finance military
		The United States believes China is selling weapons of mass destruction to Middle Eastern states to finance the modernization of its military.
		U.S. officials said China's need for funds to modernize its military could have been a factor in its violations of a pledge in 2000 to end WMD exports to such countries as Iran.
		China is also said to have sold technology for medium-range missiles to such countries as Egypt, Iran, Libya, Saudi Arabia and Syria.
	www.worldtribune.com /worldtribune/WTARC/2002/ea_china_07_16.html (477 words)

	China and weapons of mass destruction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		China denies having either biological or chemical weapons, having acceded to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BWC) in 1984, and ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) in 1996.
		China is one of the five "nuclear weapons states" (NWS) under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which China ratified in 1992.
		Although the total number of nuclear weapons in the Chinese arsenal is unknown, as of 2005 the various estimates vary from as low as 80 to as high as 2000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/China_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction (1084 words)

	Republic of China and weapons of mass destruction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Republic of China and weapons of mass destruction
		The Republic of China on Taiwan denies having chemical or nuclear weapons.
		The Republic of China ratified the Geneva Protocol on August 7, 1929 and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in 1970.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Taiwan_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction (430 words)

	China
		The emphasis of China's arsenal is primarily on the land-based missile leg of the triad.
		While China is believed to have 250 strategic nuclear weapons, only about 20 of these are deployed on missiles capable of traveling intercontinental distances; 100 are thought to be deployed on missiles and bombers with ranges from 1,800 to 4,750 kilometers.
		China is believed to store most of its nuclear warheads and bombs separate from its delivery vehicles and the warheads and bombs are only mated with the missiles or aircraft during launch preparations.
	www.nti.org /db/china/wdepdat.htm (1663 words)

	CRS Report on China's Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction
		China may have transferred hundreds of C-802s, although the number of missiles transferred is not publicly known.
		Referring to China's May 11, 1996, commitment, President Clinton stated in a speech on China on October 24, 1997, that "China has lived up to its pledge not to assist unsafeguarded nuclear facilities in third countries." Some add that conditions for U.S.-China nuclear cooperation should not be changed in the middle of negotiations.
		Requires the Secretary of the Treasury to oppose assistance for China from international financial institutions unless there is a Presidential certification that China is in strict compliance with all U.S. laws relating to nonproliferation of advanced weaponry and weapons of mass destruction, and other matters.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/report/crs/980717CRSWeapons.htm (7626 words)

	Weapons of Mass Destruction
		One example is 'weapons of mass destruction' (WMD), a relatively new term popularised in connection with North Korea and Iraq.
		The weapons of mass destruction that Iraq is alleged to be developing include chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons.
		One of the heinous features of these types of weapon is that they are destructive not only of physical infrastructure but also of human life, in a particularly grisly way.
	www.cjvlang.com /Spicks/massweapon.html (789 words)

	Chemical and Biological Weapons - China Special Weapons
		China is widely reported to have active programs related to the development of chemical and biological weapons, although essentially no details of these programs have appeared in the open literature.
		Although China has consistently claimed that it has never researched or produced biological weapons, it is nonetheless believed likely that it retains a biological warfare capability begun before acceding to the BWC.
		China is commonly considered to have an active biological warfare program, including dedicated research and development activities funded and supported by the Government for this purpose.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/china/cbw (455 words)

	China and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Implications for the United States
		China is not a member of the Australia Group, the Wassenaar Arrangement, the Nuclear Suppliers Group, or the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR), although it has agreed to abide by the latter (which is not an international agreement and lacks legal authority).
		China is working to modernize its capabilities in terms of ballistic and cruise missiles, bombers, and multirole aircraft, but relies upon deterrent systems and technologies that are at least 20 years behind the capabilities of the four major declared nuclear powers.
		China possessed a significant quantity of chemical weapons at least until the late 1980s, although the amount of CW agent or number of munitions did not approach anywhere near that of the former Soviet Union or the United States.
	www.fas.org /irp/nic/china_wmd.html (17620 words)

	CDI Russia Weekly #198 - Russia, China, North Korea, Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation, CIA Director Tenet
		Russia has emerged as the top-of-the-line supplier of advanced technology and training to countries seeking to develop weapons of mass destruction, CIA director George Tenet said.
		Russian entities are providing other countries with technology and expertise applicable to chemical, biological and nuclear weapons as well as to ballistic missile and cruise missile projects, he said.
		China is a key supplier of missile technology to Pakistan, Iran and several other countries, he said.
	www.cdi.org /russia/198-5.cfm (312 words)

	China
		The China WMD database is the world's most complete open-source electronic database on Chinese arms control and nonproliferation developments.
		China's nuclear policies and programs -Nuclear disarmament and arms control policies, nuclear weapons doctrine, stockpiles, modernization and testing and nuclear facilities.
		Nuclear nonproliferation - China's nuclear exports and assistance, nuclear imports and assistance from abroad and international nuclear cooperation agreements.
	www.nti.org /db/china/index.html (329 words)

	CRS Report: IB92056 - China's Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Current Policy Issues - NLE
		China promised to abide by the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) in 1991-1992 and reaffirmed that commitment in a October 4, 1994 statement.
		During another visit to China, Secretary Cohen said on July 10, 2000, that the PRC has "abided by that agreement" made in 1998 "as far as the shipment of cruise missiles to the Iranians." In his January 2001 report on proliferation, Secretary Cohen did not mention China's promises on Iranian cruise missiles.
		Weapon proliferation by the PRC raises policy issues concerning: (1) assessments of the nature and seriousness of the security threat; (2) the priority of this issue relative to other U.S. interests (i.e., other security issues, Taiwan, trade, human rights); and (3) the Administration's response, including the enforcement of laws, and possible new legislation.
	www.ncseonline.org /NLE/CRSreports/international/inter-73.cfm?&CFID=594... (8155 words)

	China Helping Iran, N Korea With Weapons
		Although the Bush administration has emphasized a growing convergence with Beijing on halting the spread of weapons of mass destruction and countering terrorism, the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission took a much harder line.
		"China's continued failure to adequately curb its proliferation practices poses significant national security concerns to the United States," the commission said in its annual report.
		"China's assistance to weapons of mass destruction-related programs in countries of concern continues, despite repeated promises to end such activities and the repeated imposition of U.S. sanctions," the commission concluded.
	www.rense.com /general53/noik.htm (497 words)

	Green Party of Iran - News
		WASHINGTON, February 2, 2000 (AFP) - Iran actively sought technology and equipment for weapons of mass destruction programs last year from suppliers in Russia, China, North Korea and western Europe, the CIA said in a report made public Wednesday.
		It said entities in Russia and China supplied "a considerable amount and a wide variety of ballistic missile-related goods and technology to Iran" during the period.
		On the chemical weapons front, it sought "technology, expertise, and chemicals that could be used as precursor agents in its chemical warfare (CW) program from entities in Russia and China," the report said.
	www.iran-e-sabz.org /news/weapons6.htm (428 words)

	NTI: Source Documents
		Unclassified Report to Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Weapons, 1 July - 31 December 2003, November 2004.
		George Tenet, Director of Central Intelligence, "Iraq and Weapons of Mass Destruction," Remarks at Georgetown University, February 5, 2004.
		Director of Central Intelligence, "Unclassified Report to Congress on the Acquisition of Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced Conventional Munitions, 1 January Through 30 June 2003," November 10, 2003.
	www.nti.org /e_research/official_docs/cia/cia.html (1116 words)

	U.S. Officials Urge China To Improve Nonproliferation Efforts
		Washington -- China must demonstrate greater leadership in addressing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, officials from the Bush administration said in testimony before a federal government commission September 14.
		China's decision to support U.N. Security Council Resolution 1696, which demands that Iran suspend enrichment of uranium by August 31, suggested that it was willing to confront the potential threat posed by Iran's nuclear activities, he said.
		He urged China to address areas of concern by strengthening its export licensing procedures, border controls and detection capabilities, and by implementing more rigorous enforcement and prosecution.
	usinfo.state.gov /xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-english&y=2006&m=September&x=20060915175722ASesuarK6.992739e-02 (1013 words)

	MissileThreat :: Major Reports
		China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles: Policy Issues.
		China and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Implications for the United States.
		China and Ballistic Missile Defense: 1955 to 2002 and Beyond.
	missilethreat.com /reports (1217 words)

	Center for Strategic and International Studies
		The Conventional Military Balance in China and the Northeast Asia: An Analytic Overview: A 20-page graphic and quantitative overview of military spending, military manpower, arms imports, and the conventional Asian military balance in China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan as of early 2001.
		China and Weapons of Mass Destruction: A 20-page analysis of Chinese chemical, biological, nuclear and missile forces, programs, and transfers of weapons and technology.
		Weapons of Mass Destruction in South Asia, India, and Pakistan: A 28 page analysis of Indian and Pakistani chemical, biological, nuclear and missile forces, programs, and transfers of weapons and technology.
	www.csis.org /burke/mb/asia (840 words)

	Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
		The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction – nuclear, chemical or biological – has rightly been a source of concern to the international community.
		Originally everyone was concerned about nuclear weapons: the great powers who had the bomb (the US, the USSR, the UK, France and China) tried to restrict membership of the nuclear club.
		With the fall of the Soviet Union and the end of the doctrine of dissuasion, the dangers of nuclear conflict have diminished, though not entirely disappeared – the Indo-Pakistani conflict continues for instance.
	mondediplo.com /focus/iraq/r1459 (235 words)

	The Real Face of Chinese Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		World Tribune: China Sells Weapons of Mass Destruction to Finance Military
		The United States believes China is selling weapons of mass destruction to Middle Eastern states to finance the modernization of it military.
		"China's proliferation of weapons of mass destruction - associated technology and conventional munitions may help subsidize certain force modernization programs," the report said.
	www.falunnews.org.il /ch_ec/wt_001.shtml (562 words)

	China Nuclear Forces
		White Paper on China's Endeavors for Arms Control, Disarmament and Non-Proliferation, Information Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, September 2005
		China and Weapons of Mass Destruction: Implications for the United States, National Intelligence Council, April 1999
		China - The Proliferation Primer Senate on Governmental Affairs Committee - January 1998
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/china/sources.htm (339 words)

	Chinese Military Power - China's Armed Forces: Nuclear Weapons & Ballistic Missiles: The Commonwealth Institute
		China WMD Database, Nuclear Threat Initiative and Center for Nonproliferation Studies
		Theater Ballistic Missiles and China's Doctrine of 'Active Defense'
		China's Nuclear Forces: The World's First Look at China's Underground Facilities for Nuclear Warheads
	www.comw.org /cmp/fulltext/cafnuke.html (168 words)

	American Defense Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		CHINA: Merchant of Weapons of Mass Destruction to the Axis of Evil
		China’s sale of the tools of mass death to these countries is also documented in this report...
		Summary Chart of China's Aid to the Axis of Evil
	www.americandefensecouncil.com /china_brief.asp (125 words)

	Information About China WMD Database
		Description: The China (WMD) Weapons of Mass Destruction Database provides information on Chinese arms control and nonproliferation issues.
		The database is divided into 6 sections: 1) Arms control and nonproliferation diplomacy; 2) China's nuclear policies and programs; 3) Nuclear nonproliferation; 4) Missile nonproliferation; 5) Other arms control and nonproliferation issues; and 6) Reference materials.
		Publication Types: Academic and conference papers, Joint Statements and Press Conferences, US-China Joint Statements and Documents, Chinese Statements and Documents, US Statements and Documents, Treaties and Regimes, profiles of key organizations and personalities, tables and charts, chronologies, links to Internet sites, bibliographies, and a collection of Chinese- language materials.
	infoserve.sandia.gov /electronic/cwmdd.html (172 words)

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