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Topic: China proper

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	China proper: Just the facts... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		China proper refers to the historical heartlands of China (A communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world) in the context of that paradigm which contrasts these heartlands and frontier regions of Outer China (including sections of Inner Asia and other regions).
		Indeed, the historical evolution of China from a historical core to a later, larger, entity, is an indisputable fact.
		Since both China proper and Taiwan (A government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the communists led by Mao Zedong) are controversial topics, the question of whether Taiwan is included within "China proper" is highly thorny.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/china_proper.htm (793 words)

	China proper - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		China proper refers to the historical heartlands of China in the context of that paradigm which contrasts these heartlands and frontier regions of Outer China (including sections of Inner Asia and other regions).
		As a result, the concept of "China proper" is seen as obsolete and redundant, if not downright offensive, as it implies that some of China's territory is not as "proper", which can be used to justify separatism, a generally unpopular idea.
		A convenient guideline for the bounds of "China proper" are the 18 provinces under the Manchu Qing Dynasty, which used a different administrative structure for each of the 5 regions it governed: Manchuria, China proper, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/China_proper (1130 words)

	Station Information - China proper
		China proper is a geographical term which refers to China excluding the frontier regions of Outer China: Xinjiang, Tibet, Manchuria, and Inner Mongolia.
		China proper is bounded north by Mongolia, west by Tibet and Kyrgyzstan, southwest by Burma, south by Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and the Gulf of Tonkin, southeast by the South China Sea, east by the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea and Manchuria.
		The entire China proper was divided into several thousand counties at the beginning of the 20th century.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/c/ch/china_proper.html (231 words)

	China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The imperial system in China ended with the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC) under Sun Yat-sen in 1912; however, the next four decades of ROC rule were marred by warlord control, the Second Sino-Japanese War (WWII), and the Chinese Civil War which pitted Chinese Nationalists against the Communist forces.
		China is also traditionally thought of as comprising North China (北方) and South China (南方), the geographic boundary between which north and south is largely generalized as Huai River (淮河) and Qinling Mountains (秦岭).
		China is composed of a vast variety of highly different landscapes, with mostly plateaus and mountains in the west, and lower lands on the east.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/China (5821 words)

	China proper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As a result, the concept of "China proper" is seen as obsolete and redundant, if not downright offensive, as it implies that some of China's territory is not as "proper", which can be used to justify separatism, a generally reviled idea.
		Since both China proper and Taiwan are controversial topics, the question of whether Taiwan is included within "China proper" is thorny as well.
		In fact, this perspective would lead those who hold it to deny the very viability of "China proper" as a concept, since they are likely to equate "China proper" with "China", and consider every part of China, Han Chinese or otherwise, to be equally integral and indivisible.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/China_proper (1115 words)

	Learn more about China in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		China (Traditional Chinese: 中國, Simplified Chinese: 中国, Pinyin: Zhōnggúo) is an ancient cultural and geographic entity in continental East Asia with some offshore islands which since 1949 has been divided between the People's Republic of China (governing Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau) and the Republic of China (governing Taiwan and several outlying Fujianese islands).
		China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization, and became a large united country with an advanced culture at a very early stage, outpacing the rest of the world in areas like art and science.
		In the east, along the shores of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are found extensive and densely populated alluvial plains; the shore of the South China Sea is more mountainous and southern China is dominated by hill country and lower mountain ranges.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/ch/china.html (1555 words)

	Encyclopedia: China proper
		China is the world's oldest continuous civilization, with a history characterized by repeated divisions and reunifications amid alternating periods of peace and war, and violent dynastic change.
		China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization, and became a large united country with an advanced culture at a very early stage, outpacing most of the world in areas such as art and science.
		China as it exists today has been variously described in different points of view as a single civilization or multiple civilizations, as a single state or multiple states, and as a single nation or multiple nations.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/China-proper (910 words)

	Manchuria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manchuria was the traditional homeland of the Xianbei, the Khitan and the Jurchen, who built several dynasties in both Manchuria and China proper, and most recently and famously the Manchus, who lent their name to the region and, in the 17th century, conquered and ruled China until the collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911.
		An inhabitant of Northeast China is a "Northeasterner" (Dongbeiren).
		In 1858, a weakening Manchu China was forced to cede Manchuria north of the Amur to Russia at the Treaty of Aigun.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manchuria (3039 words)

	Chinese Architecture - Influences
		North China has a short but sharp frosty winter and a warm and rainy summer, and during the monsoons very heavy rains occur, which influenced the design of such features as the widely-projecting roof with steep surfaces to throw off rain-water.
		China has been termed the country of the middle classes—" literati," small proprietors and merchants—whose buildings indicate special regard for utility.
		Under the Emperor Kublai (A.D. 1280—94) of the Mongol or Yuen Dynasty (A.D. 128o—1368), China reached her greatest extent, and with the exception of Hindustan, Arabia, and Western Asia, all the Mongol princes as far as the Dnieper were her tributaries.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles23/architecture-144.shtml (1496 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Asia-Pacific \| Sars death toll grows in China
		The latest figures - reported by China's official news agency - bring the death toll from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome to 92 in the country, with the total number of cases reaching 2,001.
		Shanghai is China's business hub, with a web of connections to Hong Kong, Beijing and many other places with high Sars infection rates, yet the city authorities insist there are only two confirmed Sars cases.
		People in China's poor provinces tend not to visit the doctor because it is too expensive or because there is no doctor.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/asia-pacific/2963567.stm (747 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: China
		It includes China proper or the Eighteen Provinces (Shi-pa-sheng), theoretically a subject territory of Manchuria, the cradle of the present dynasty, and the dependencies: Mongolia, Ili (or Sin-kiang), and Tibet.
		Relations were strained between Japan and China, owing to an attack made by the aborigines of southern Formosa on the wrecked crew of a Luch'uan junk, and for a time war seemed inevitable.
		White is the mourning colour of China; it is blue for the emperor, and the seals are inked in blue instead of vermilion.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/03663b.htm (8669 words)

	China History-Sinoway China Travel Service-beijing,guilin,shanghai,xi'an,xian,silk road,yunnan,tibet,guangzhou
		China came under alien rule for the second time in the mid-seventeenth century; the conquerors--the Manchus-- came again from the north and northeast.
		China saw itself surrounded on all sides by so-called barbarian peoples whose cultures were demonstrably inferior by Chinese standards.
		China had taken it for granted that its relations with Europeans would be conducted according to the tributary system that had evolved over the centuries between the emperor and representatives of the lesser states on China's borders as well as between the emperor and some earlier European visitors.
	www.sinowaytravel.com /chinadiscovery/history.htm (1012 words)

	Two great rivers run through China Proper
		China Proper was separated from the vast territories of Outer China to the north by the Great Wall, a huge construction project and famous landmark of Chinese civilization.
		This part of China Proper is mostly flat and the soil, replenished by silt carried down by the river, is well-suited to agriculture.
		Rice is one of the staple crops of South China.
	depts.washington.edu /chinaciv/geo/proper.htm (802 words)

	China proper
		China proper, or The Eighteen Provinces (十八省;) as the Chinese call it, is a geographical term which refers to China excluding the regions of Xinjiang, Tibet, Manchuria, and Inner Mongolia.
		This term is especially used in history texts, when the above mentioned regions (called Outer China) were not an integral part of pre-Qing dynasty China.
		It is bounded north by Mongolia, west by Tibet and Kyrgyzstan, southwest by Burma, south by Tonkin, Vietnam and the Gulf of Tonkin, southeast by the South China Sea, east by the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea, Bo Hai and Manchuria.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ch/China_proper.html (134 words)

	Treaty between Tibet and Mongolia (1913) - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Although the Republic of China insisted the succession of the whole Qing Empire, the Mongolians and Tibetans regarded the fall of the Qing Dynasty as the separation of the Empire.
		This meant that the Manchu Empire was dissolved into China, Mongolia, Tibet and Eastern Turkestan.
		Mongolia gained an independent government by 1924 with the aid of Western powers (again, particularly Russia), and the Republic of China recognised its independence after World War II after pressure from Western powers (particular Russia), but later turned retreated the recognition.
	www.recipeland.com /encyclopaedia/index.php/Treaty_between_Tibet_and_Mongolia_%281913%29 (245 words)

	Notes on China
		China proper is a vast watershed drained by three river systems that rise close together on the high Tibetan plateau and flow eastward to the Pacific.
		The Yellow River (Huang Ho), traditionally known as "China's Sorrow" because of the misery caused by its periodic flooding, traverses the North China plain.
		South of this valley lie the subtropical lands of South China, the home of ancient cultures that were destroyed or transformed by Chinese expansion from the north.
	emayzine.com /lectures/140china.htm (2102 words)

	China proper - Beijing - Travel to China
		They go on to call China proper "China", and the regions for which they want to see independence the colonialismcolonial acquisitions of China, not a part of China at all.
		A convenient guideline for the bounds of "China proper" are the 18 provinces under the Manchu Qing Dynasty, which used a different administrative structure for each of the 5 regions it governed: Manchuria, China proper, Mongolia (region)Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Tibet.
		Image:China Proper.jpgthumbright230pxThe Eighteen Provinces of China proper in 1875.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/China_proper (1174 words)

	Dynasties in Chinese history - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		In most cases the dates given in the table are the commonly used conventional dates marking the generally agreed point at which power in China changed hands.
		In addition, China was divided for long periods of its history, with different regions being ruled over by different groups.
		The conventional date 1644 marks the year in which the Manchu Qing dynasty armies occupied Beijing and brought Qing rule to China proper, succeeding the Ming dynasty.
	www.recipeland.com /encyclopaedia/index.php/Dynasties_in_Chinese_history (388 words)

	China proper
		China proper comprises the historical heartlands of China and does not include the frontier regions of Outer China (Inner Asia): Xinjiang, Tibet, Manchuria, and Inner Mongolia.
		Since Qing Dynasty, China proper, also known as the Eighteen Provinces (一十八行省; Pinyin: Yishiba Xingsheng, or 十八省 Shiba Sheng), consist of:
		Outer China was the homeland of many "barbaric" tribes, like the Xiongnu and other minority ethnic groups in Chinese history, some of which tried to invade China proper, but sometimes became partially or wholly Sinicized.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/china_proper (363 words)

	China
		China proper consists of three great river systems: the Yellow River (Huang He), 2,109 mi (5,464 km) long; the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), the third-longest river in the world at 2,432 mi (6,300 km); and the Pearl River (Zhu Jiang), 848 mi (2,197 km) long.
		China, which has now outlawed the sect, was thought to consider the apolitical spiritual group threatening because its numbers exceeded the membership of the Chinese Communist Party.
		China Is On The Move; Of all the threats to its economic boom, Beijing officially encourages one, mass internal migration.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107411.html (2962 words)

	China - China Proper
		Of China Proper it may be affirmed that the sun shines nowhere on an equal area which combines so many of the conditions requisite for the support of an opulent and prosperous people.
		Lying between 18° and 490 north latitude, her climate is alike exempt from the fierce heat of the torrid zone and the killing cold of the frigid regions.
		Traversed in every direction by mountain ranges of moderate elevation whose sides are cultivated in terraces to such a height as to present the appearance of hanging gardens, China possesses fertile valleys in fair proportion, together with vast plains that compare in extent with those of our American prairie states.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles27/chinese-history-1.shtml (628 words)

	math lessons - Greater China
		This politically correct term, used largely in economic contexts due to the ambiguity of the word China in referring to mainland China, the current jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC), or both the PRC and the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan.
		The People's Republic of China controls mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau, though the latter two are governed as Special Administrative Regions.
		The Republic of China controls Taiwan, Penghu, Quemoy, and Matsu and officially claims all of mainland China and outer Mongolia.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Greater_China (219 words)

	Richard Lewis - China
		Shenzen is a Special Economic Region of South China (like Hong Kong) and it lines the area between the Hong Kong border and South China proper.
		China Air flight 108 went to plan and I am fascinated with the camera in the nose of the plane that is on the inflight TV during take off and landing…a brilliant idea!
		The cost of travel and a round of golf in china was half of one of the clubs here in Hong Kong and Ray played there as a test round to try it out.
	homepages.paradise.net.nz /richa306/china.html (2599 words)

	Greater China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Greater China (Traditional Chinese: 大中華地區; Simplified Chinese: 大中华地区; pinyin: Dà Zhōnghuá Dìqū) is a term referring collectively to the financial markets and economies of mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and territories administered by the Republic of China (Taiwan).
		Used in rare political contexts, it may refer to the irredentist vision of Chinese nationalists for a unified Chinese state to comprise of mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and Outer Mongolia.
		This usage is rare as such as vision has no active support by either the PRC or ROC, and very little support in the general population.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_region (252 words)

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