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	British Chinese - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		British Chinese, or, alternatively, Chinese British, Chinese Briton, British Born Chinese (abbreviated as BBCs) are overseas Chinese born or naturalised
		After the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, it was considered necessary to devise a British Nationality Selection Scheme to enable some of the population to obtain British citizenship to maintain confidence in Hong Kong and to counteract the effects of the emigration of many of its most talented residents.
		A British Chinese person is also more likely to possess a university degree, or hold a job in the top managerial/professional class, than the average Briton.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/British_Chinese (1032 words)

	Opium Wars - MSN Encarta
		The British viewed such an imbalance as unhealthy and as early as 1793 organized a diplomatic mission to China to demand that the Canton system be abandoned and all of China opened to British trade.
		Although the idle rich were the majority of the Chinese addicts, many poor Chinese became addicted as well, and all suffered from the economic effects of the loss of silver.
		By late June the British occupied Zhenjiang, an important communication center and entry to the Grand Canal, the artery by which rice from the southern regions reached the northern capital.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761553669 (1138 words)

	History of Chinese immigration to Canada - Famous Chinese Americans - Chinese
		Chinese appeared in large numbers in the colony of British Columbia in 1858, when there was a gold rush in the Fraser Valley.
		After the 1885 legislation failed to deter Chinese immigration to Canada, the Government of Canada passed another law in 1900 to increase the tax to $100, and in 1904 it was increased (land fees) to 500 Canadian dollars (equivalent to $8000 CDN in 2003).
		Chinese from the mainland who were eligible in the family reunion had to visit the Canadian High Commission in Hong Kong, since Canada and the PRC did not have diplomatic relations until 1970.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/History_of_Chinese_immigration_to_Canada (1687 words)

	India’s China War by Neville Maxwell
		The Chinese were concentrated where the Indians were scattered; the Chinese were able to move in trucks where the Indians trekked on foot; and the Chinese had all regular supports arms for the troops while the Indian Brigade had nothing beyond one platoon of medium machine-guns.
		The Chinese were prepared to accept the boundaries and to regard the lost territories as gone for good, despite of bitter resentment of the injustice over the "unequal treaties" and national humiliations.
		Chinese intelligence learned of October 10 Operation Leghorn, and on October 8 the Soviet informed the Foreign Ministry in Peking that India was on the point of launching a major attack.
	www.centurychina.com /plaboard/uploads/1962war.htm (17703 words)

	CNN - British, Chinese premiers 'schmooze' in Beijing - October 7, 1998
		BEIJING (CNN) -- Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji, with his wife in tow, paid an unusual late-night call Wednesday to visiting British Prime Minister Tony Blair, which diplomats took as a sign of a burgeoning personal relationship between the two leaders.
		Chinese authorities briefly detained Xu Wenli, an outspoken pro-democracy activist, after he gave interviews to the British media covering Blair's five-day visit to China.
		Discussions between the British and the Chinese have involved a host of joint initiatives -- increased trade, closer military contacts and cooperation on environmental protection and legal education.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/asiapcf/9810/07/china.03/index.html (601 words)

	Ch'ing China: The Opium Wars
		The Chinese, with old-style weapons and artillery, were no match for the British gunships, which ranged up and down the coast shooting at forts and fighting on land.
		The Chinese were equally unprepared for the technological superiority of the British land armies, and suffered continual defeats.
		The Chinese, for their part, were angered at the wholescale export of Chinese nationals to America and the Caribbean to work at what was no better than slave labor.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CHING/OPIUM.HTM (1237 words)

	Tibet Facts 1
		The British Government refuses to address the question of Tibet's status or to discuss the issue of Tibetan independence, claiming this is "not a realistic option"; an expedient approach based on realpolitik rather than one of principle or consistency.
		The current British position on Tibet is described in a policy statement of January 1994, which begins: "Successive British Governments have consistently regarded Tibet as autonomous, although we recognise the special position of the Chinese there" ('Government Policy on Tibet', a Statement from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Jan 1994).
		British representatives were stationed in Tibet from 1904 to 1947 to liaise with the Tibetan Government.
	tibet.dharmakara.net /TibetFacts11.html (1498 words)

	Opium Wars
		Although this news was not good, Lin, who had the use of a fleet of Chinese war junks at his disposal, was not frightened by the arrival of a single British warship.
		British fabrics were inferior to Chinese silk, British earthenware was inferior to Chinese ceramics, and the general behavior of British seamen seemed uncivilized, so Lin assumed that the British navy must be inferior to the Chinese navy.
		The captains of the defeated Chinese junks feared that their failure would be viewed by higher authorities as a disgraceful act of cowardice.
	www.oldnewspublishing.com /opium.htm (2545 words)

	Chinese Collections
		Manuscripts in Chinese, Tibetan, Uighur, Prakrit, Khotanese and other languages, on paper and woodslips, from Chinese Central Asia, number more than 30,000, many of which are from Dunhuang.
		Although the Chinese section purchases some volumes on traditional Chinese medicine to supplement its large holdings of Qing period (1644-1911) medical works, publications on the natural sciences and technology are obtained by the Science Technology & Business (STB) section.
		Chinese printed items acquired before 1987 are shelved with the Asia Pacific and Africa Collections at St. Pancras.
	www.bl.uk /collections/chinese.html (360 words)

	IDP British Collections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		British explorations in Central Asia started in the wake of the 19th-century Great Game, when Britain and Russia had vied for political control of this arena.
		Younghusband negotiated with the Chinese authorities to establish a British Consul there but they initially refused and in 1891 the expedition departed, all except the young Scottish-Chinese translator, George Macartney, who was left behind to act as an unofficial representative.
		A few selected items from the British Library manuscript collections are on display in the John Ritblat Gallery which is free and open all week.
	idp.bl.uk /pages/collections_en.a4d (2864 words)

	Chinese Section: History and Scope of the Collections
		With the founding of the British Library in 1973, the Stein finds were further sub-divided between the British Library, Chinese section (mainly manuscript sutras and woodslips) and British Museum (mainly paintings).
		The small collection of Chinese items in the IOL was developed gradually on the basis of `parcels from members of the factory at Canton...'.
		The bulk of the IOL Chinese collection comprises woodblock-printed texts of the late Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) periods, many of which are illustrated.
	www.bl.uk /collections/chinesehistory.html (753 words)

	China Resumes Control of Hong Kong, Ending 156 Years of British Rule
		Seconds after British soldiers lowered the Union Jack for the last time to the strains of "God Save the Queen," China's red banner was raised, marking the transfer of this free-wheeling capitalist territory to communist control.
		At 8:45 in the evening, just after the fireworks celebrating British rule ended, 509 officers, soldiers, and sailors from the Chinese army began moving over the border in glossy fl Audis, buses and open-back trucks, in which troops stood at attention, their white gloved hands gripping the wooden side rails.
		Against the surge of patriotic sentiment and the wisps of nostalgia for the departed British, there were protests from pro-democracy figures who had been expelled from the legislature with the advent of Chinese rule.
	www.nytimes.com /specials/hongkong/070197hongkong.html (2054 words)

	war and social upheaval : Opium War
		The War was the British effort to force the Imperial Government to cease its efforts to prevent opium importation.
		The Chinese Imperial Government in the early 18th century became increasingly concernred with the spreading additioin to opium and its debilitating effect.
		British shipments to China by the early-19th century were largely Indian cotton and opium.
	histclo.com /essay/war/war-ow.html (2336 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Asia-Pacific \| Chinese diaspora: Britain
		The country's first Chinese immigrants were 19th century sailors who settled in Liverpool and London's Limehouse district - next door to the gleaming skyscrapers of today's Canary Wharf, but at that time a rough area of docks, brothels and opium dens.
		The Chinese now coming to Britain - as well as the children of those who arrived earlier - no longer feel the need to find work in catering or other parts of an "ethnic economy", according to Dr Frank Pieke, a specialist on Chinese migration at Oxford University.
		"Chinese, like others, are increasingly adopting a mobile, transnational lifestyle, moving from one job and one country to another as new opportunities present themselves," he said.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/4304845.stm (1136 words)

	BBC News \| Monitoring \| Chinese media upbeat on Jiang visit
		In its breakfast news bulletin Chinese CCTV carried a report on Jiang being welcomed by the Queen and Prince Philip and driven to Buckingham Palace in horse-drawn carriages.
		The official Chinese news agency Xinhua listed every detail of the "grand ceremony" at Horse Guards and the state banquet in Jiang's honour at Buckingham Palace, which it said proceeded in an "atmosphere of warmth and friendship".
		Several thousand people from various circles, Chinese in Britain, and Chinese students studying in Britain were there from various parts of Britain to welcome the Chinese President's visit," it said.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/monitoring/480684.stm (499 words)

	Chinese Showcase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Hosted with charm and charisma by writer-performer Anna Chen at the fashionable CC Club on Coventry Street, London, the Chinese Showcase was organised with the intention of highlighting not only the depth of ability amongst British-based Chinese musicians, but also the breadth and variety of styles.
		By the time the Japanese-born DJ Haruka brought the evening to a close with his innovative electronica/hip-hop turntablism, practically every base had been covered; and the ultimate statement of the evening’s success was the united applause of an audience that was, in terms of ages, backgrounds and ethnicities, as diverse as the music itself.
		The Chinese Showcase offered a triumphant demonstration of the excellence and multi-faceted ability of these performers, and we hope that this and future events will go some way to bringing greater exposure and recognition to the Chinese community as a whole.
	www.chineseshowcase.co.uk (331 words)

	RFA: Chinese 'Bad Boys' Shake Up Art World
		Their new show, "Happy and Glorious," runs through Nov. 21 at the Chinese Arts Center in the northern British city of Manchester.
		In an interview with RFA, Cai and Xi said their latest work continues their style of using visual humor to challenge traditional forms of authority and probe the paradox of being born in China and naturalized in Britain.
		The centerpiece of their performance will be the artists’ rendition of the British national anthem, however.
	www.rfa.org /english/news/arts/2004/10/15/china_art_badboys (658 words)

	Improve Reg. S By Adopting Elements From The British And Chinese Regulatory Schemes \| Bowne Digest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Shares issued by Chinese companies fall into four categories: A shares may be purchased only by Chinese residents, while B, N (listed in the US) and H (listed in Hong Kong) shares may be purchased by foreign investors.
		Chinese companies must comply with all the regulations governing stock issuances in China and must receive approval for transactions from Chinese regulatory authorities.
		Like the British super-regulator does, the SEC could determine whether the country in which the offering is made has sufficiently stringent regulatory requirements.
	www.bowne.com /newsletters/newsletter.asp?storyID=872 (808 words)

	British Chinese : Struggle for acceptance
		British aristocracy develop a passion for Chinoiserie, which affects not only furniture and ornaments; gentlemen enjoy dressing up in dragon and mandarin robes on festive occasions; ladies endeavour to procure Chinese boys as pages or pets.
		Chinese seamen employed by the East India Company are housed in barracks in Shadwell, East London - a parliamentary enquiry finds conditions 'clean and airy' but expresses doubt as to whether there is sufficient space.
		Over 50 percent of the Chinese population is under 30; 50 percent live outside the large metropolitan areas; 2 percent are professionals, including doctors, solicitors, architects, bankers, stockbrokers, business executives, teachers and university lecturers.
	sacu.org /britishchinese.html (2105 words)

	British Chinese Community
		This site is here as a means for Chinese people in the Uk to make friends whether you are a British Born Chinese or not.
		BBC Radio 4 are running a series of programmes called "British Born Chinese: Beyond the Takeaway" between 10-14th March 2003 at 3.45pm.
		In the series, you will hear 2nd and 3rd generation British Chinese speak about our experiences of growing up and living in the UK.
	groups.msn.com /BritishChineseCommunity (218 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: Opinion :: The ‘Opium War’ that Wasn’t
		The result was that many Chinese, including senior officials, went on smuggling it in, supplied and supported by private British merchants, some of whom became smugglers themselves.
		For British politics the issue ceased to be opium—about which many people sympathized with China—and became the fate of not just opium traders but also innocent men, women, and children threatened by armed Chinese soldiers.
		While the Chinese were fully entitled to enforce their anti-opium edicts, it was something else entirely to punish the innocent together with the guilty and to threaten lives without charge or trial.
	www.thecrimson.com /printerfriendly.aspx?ref=511532 (877 words)

	Chinese Language Teaching Seminar, UK
		It is also a sub-group of the British Association for Chinese Studies (BACS).
		Its objective is to improve the teaching of Chinese language in the UK by means of exchanging teaching experience and teaching materials.
		Under our current policy, all the Chinese language teachers at the universities and other language teaching institutions in the UK are welcome to join us by paying an annual membership fee of 20 pounds.
	www.ctcfl.ox.ac.uk /clts/aboutus.htm (876 words)

	Support Chinese Christians, British and Irish churches urged - news from ekklesia
		“The late 1980s saw a hardening of Chinese government policy towards the religions as a reaction to the collapse of Eastern Europe and the Tiananmen Square incident,” says Caroline Fielder, who is director of China work for Churches Together in Britain and Ireland, the official ecumenical body.
		Observers say that the new openness in China has also been accompanied by periodic crackdowns on religion, as nervous authorities in some provinces and regions struggle to handle a phenomenon that is new and not always welcome for them — the massive growth of religious sensibility in a country and system officially built on atheism.
		Caroline Fielder called on British and Irish churches at national and local level to become more involved in work to support Chinese Christians at an important time in the development of their country and their faith.
	www.ekklesia.co.uk /content/news_syndication/article_050224china.shtml (715 words)

	British Chinese Artists Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		'Chinese history has two different versions, one is the way it actually happened and the other is what it's turned into'.
		The forthcoming festival programme will explore the experience of the Chinese Diaspora, drawing together leading feature films and shorts from Chinese communities across the world As part of the screening programme, there will be the rare opportunity for UK-based filmmakers to present their work alongside the festival's feature films to audiences in Glasgow.
		The British Chinese Artists Association (BCAA) exists to support and promote British artists of Chinese descent and the development of Chinese arts generally.
	www.bcaa.org.uk /newsletterautumn2003.htm (1435 words)

	BBC- One Life - Personal - Race - Real Life: British Chinese
		She is a web designer and a community website manager for second-generation British Chinese people.
		A lot of people think Chinese people only work in Chinese restaurants and takeaways, but that's another stereotype because a lot of us work in quite good well paid jobs.
		I'm second generation and I don't come over with a Chinese accent at all and these things are being broken down gradually.
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio1/onelife/personal/race/audio_chinese.shtml (618 words)

	British Born Chinese Discussion Board - Powered by vBulletin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		British Born Chinese Discussion Board - Powered by vBulletin
		Welcome to the British Born Chinese Discussion Board.
		If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above.
	www.britishbornchinesedb.org.uk /forum (124 words)

	CBC.ca Arts - Chinese, British, Russian writers vie for prize
		A British writer who gave up her job to write after the 9/11 attacks and a Beijing-born short-story writer are among three writers shortlisted for the Orange Award for New Writers.
		Disobedience is about a young career woman who returns to the Orthodox Jewish community where she was raised and has to confront the choices she has made in life.
		Yiyun Li is author of the short-story collection A Thousand Years of Good Prayers, which follows the lives of both mainland Chinese and Chinese Americans as they deal with their repressive past.
	www.cbc.ca /arts/story/2006/05/03/orange-new-writers.html (1313 words)

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