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Topic: Chinese Cuban

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	Chinese Cuban - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Chinese Cuban (Traditional Chinese: 古巴華人; pinyin: gǔ bā húa rén; Cantonese Jyutping: Gu2 Baa1 Waa4 jan4; Spanish: chino-cubano) is a Cuban of Chinese ancestry.
		Chinese immigration to Cuba started in 1847 when Spanish settlers brought in Cantonese contract workers to work in the sugar fields.
		Today, Chinese Cubans tend to speak Mandarin, Cantonese, and a mixture of Chinese and Spanish, in addition to Spanish and English.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_Cuban (588 words)

	Inspector Collector (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Chinese immigrants were a steady source of cheap labor, and continued entering Cuba through the first decades of the 20th century.
		Chinese usually settled in urban areas of Cuba and came to be known as hard workers and enterprising traders.
		Chinese people had traditionally created associations delineated by original territory, but the associations in Cuba were free to center around other ties, such as economics, arts, sports, political ideas either public or secret, or the need for national representation.
	www.agentofchaos.com /ic/cuban.html (6182 words)

	Havana's Chinatown struggles / The Boston Globe - CubaNet News - Noticias de Cuba / Cuba News
		Tens of thousands of Chinese eventually arrived during the mid- to late-1800s as contract laborers, many working for years in virtual slavery for a few pesos a month.
		As part of modest economic changes, Chinese societies were permitted to operate restaurants collectively and charge customers for meals in US dollars as long as they paid taxes on the profits.
		Cubans fill a Chinese restaurant, ordering pepperoni pizza and sugary sodas, while Chinese descendants one floor up ask for advice from deceased ancestors at an elaborate wood altar.
	www.cubanet.org /CNews/y04/nov04/29e8.htm (808 words)

	Yinghong Cheng, Patrick Manning \| Revolution in Education: China and Cuba in Global Context, 1957–76 \| Journal of ...
		As background to the Chinese and Cuban experiences, we explore the critique of education in the West and East (from the eighteenth century to the twentieth century) and the similar educational endeavors in the Soviet Union (in the 1920s) and in many Third World countries (mostly in the 1970s).
		For the Chinese and Cubans, the deficiencies of the Soviet education were political, economic, and pedagogical.
		The Chinese and Cuban educational revolutions, despite their failures, were episodes of world-historical significance in themselves because they were such massive and path-breaking social mobilizations.
	www.historycooperative.org /journals/jwh/14.3/cheng.html (11790 words)

	Print news - IPS Inter Press Service
		She says the Chinese community in Cuba was formed in 1830 by Cantonese who had lived in the Philippines, and spoke Spanish (because Philippines was a colony of Spain), knew Spanish customs and worked as domestics, gardeners and florists.
		The Chinese, many brought to the island under slave-like conditions in the 19th century, are remembered for having joined the independence movement against the Spanish colonial government.
		The Chinese who came to Cuba in the 20th century from the U.S. state of California are credited with introducing fried rice, perhaps the only popular Chinese dish that has been incorporated into Cuban cuisine, especially for a special dinner.
	www.ipsnews.net /print.asp?idnews=24023 (954 words)

	Center for a Free Cuba - Media - Those Men in Havana Are Now Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		After the release of the congressional "Cox report" detailing Chinese espionage at a US nuclear laboratory, it is hardly a secret that the Chinese are operating an extensive spy network in the Western hemisphere.
		In Cuba, the Chinese seem to be taking a calculated gamble: that the US's complex relations with and economic interests in China will prevent the Clinton administration from raising a big fuss over China's activities in Cuba., They may well be right.
		Suchlicki is director of the Institute of Cuban and Cuban?American Studies at the' University of Miami and author of "Cuba: From.
	www.cubacenter.org /media/directors/men.html (992 words)

	PEARL FILMS - N&C: PNTR FOR CHINA
		Pressure on Chinese leaders to create jobs by increasing exports and limiting imports will only grow over the next decade, as they face the enormous challenge of restructuring their economy.
		One of the few things we know about the Chinese government leaders — “hard-liners” as well as “reformers” — is that, next to internal security, economic growth and modernization is their top priority.
		It is this political and economic reality, not some character flaw in particular Chinese politicians, that makes it virtually certain that the Chinese government will violate both the spirit and the letter of this agreement.
	www.pearlfilms.com /pntrchina.htm (5478 words)

	Pro-Democracy Cubans Ask Themselves Why Little Media Interest in Rights' Cases
		Chinese Cuban Armando (Chino) Alonso Romero, former Cuban merchant marine officer, has been sentenced to 12 years in a Cuban prison for "illegal entry," for going back to his native country to try to help nonviolent human rights dissidents.
		Among cases cited are those involving the first fl nonviolent Cuban dissident nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize and a nonviolent Chinese Cuban dissident whose case may resemble that of Harry Wu, Chinese American nonviolent human rights activist.
		Amnesty recently reported that since mid-1994, Cuban officials have reduced their common practice of jailing dissidents and more often now simply detain them frequently and threaten them with prison and violence unless they give up their activities and leave the country.
	www.christusrex.org /www2/fcf/chino.htm (864 words)

	Chinese, Cuban Presidents Sign 16 Economic Cooperation Agreements
		Located in the Cuban province of Holguin, 800 kilometers (500 miles) east of Havana, the Las Cariocas plant will boost Cuban nickel production from its current 75,000 tonnes a year to almost 100,000 tonnes, a long-sought goal of the Cuban government.
		China and Europe are the chief importers of Cuban nickel.
		The Chinese leader is expected to reiterate Beijing's rejection of the US embargo against Cuba, which US President George W. Bush further tightened in June.
	www.infowars.com /articles/world/china_cuba_sign_econ_agreement.htm (620 words)

	Chinese people in Latin America - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Well, since 1847 there came tu Cuba around 300 000 chinese people, many of these chinese didn´t have descendets, just because most of them(98%) were man. The other reason is that during the cuban independence war many of them joined to the cuban independent army and were killed.
		Many Chinese immigrants arrived on the island after fleeing communism and economic difficulties in China in the late 1940s and 1950s, building a bustling merchant and agricultural class before their chosen refuge also became communist under Fidel Castro.
		In 2003, the Cuban and Chinese governments hosted a trip home for five of the immigrants, and plans are in the works to organize visits for about a dozen more, Nip said.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=11361 (1914 words)

	The Militant - March 20, 2006 -- Cuban combatants host tour on book of interviews with Chinese-Cuban generals
		Most in the audience of 60 were involved in various Chinese cultural activities, from members of Chinese societies—founded in the 19th and early 20th centuries—to a group of young Ministry of Interior immigration officials taking Chinese languages classes there.
		Chui explained that the new title describes how tens of thousands of Chinese immigrants were brought to Cuba as indentured labor in the 19th century, and their weight in Cuban history.
		For example, he noted, “Chinese troops served as advisers to mercenary forces from Zaire invading Angola,” while Cuban volunteer troops were fighting alongside the Angolan army to beat back the imperialist-backed invasion by the South African and Zairean regimes.
	www.themilitant.com /2006/7011/701150.html (1594 words)

	Book on Cuban-Chinese generals presented in Holguin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The book was presented in the headquarters of Holguin's Association of Chinese Descendants with the attendance of one of its protagonists, general Moises Sio Wong, and Mary-Alice Waters, publisher of the book and Pathfinder's president.
		General Sio Wong highlighted the Chinese presence during Cuba's wars against Spanish colonialism (XIX century), as well as in the last war that overthrew Fulgencio Batista's tyranny, the one ended with the people's victory of January the first, 1959.
		This book approaches, among other topics, the Cuban participation in Angola War and other internationalist missions, the called Special Period, as well as the Battle of Ideas, the energy revolution and the solidarity with the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, but always from the scope of the interviewees.
	www.ahora.cu /english/SECTIONS/culture/2006/octuber/20-10-06.htm (330 words)

	Cuban Chinese Cuisine - Chowhound
		Further Googling turned up that many Cuban Chinese migrated to NY and there were some Cuban Chinese restaurants that seem to be phasing out as the generation dies out.
		Since the Chinese diaspora was not limited to Cuba, there should in theory continue to be this general type or restaurant popping up, as Chinese entrepreneurs follow their immigrant clientele.
		Chinese food somehow was a better "fit" with Peruvian than with Cuban and the two blended more than Chinese food did with Cuban.
	www.chowhound.com /topics/show/330355 (1256 words)

	Cuba-China relations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cuban relations with People's Republic of China are based on trade, credits, and investments which have increased significantly since the 1990's.
		Chinese goods have become the primary tools both in the planned revitalization of Cuban transport infrastructure and in the “Energy Revolution” of 2006 to provide electricity to the Cuban population.
		Chinese President Hu Jintao visited Cuba in November 2004, which coincided with a five day tour of a delegation of senior North Korean generals including Vice Marshal Kim Yong Chun, chief of staff of the Korean People's Army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cuba-China_relations (618 words)

	LA NUEVA CUBA
		In exchange for Chinese support at a critical juncture for Castro's regime, Jiang crafted a mutually beneficial partnership with the Cuban leader, allowing Cuba to "stick to the road of its own choice"(5) while accommodating China's long-term strategic interests.
		As one Cuban minister has acknowledged, "The [Chinese] credits are better, the products cheaper, and the arrangement less vulnerable to U.S. pressure."(8) Furthermore, China has been one of the island's leading suppliers of foodstuffs, including such staples of the Cuban diet as rice and beans.
		Insight on the Chinese's long-term strategic thinking is from John Kavulich, director of the U.S.-Cuba Trade and Economic Council, as quoted by Tracey Eaton, "Cuba, China quietly building partnership," Havana, The Dallas Morning News, 9 May 2001.
	www.lanuevacuba.com /archivo/unimiami-1.htm (1743 words)

	The Militant - November 13, 2006 -- Chinese-Cuban generals: 'Main measure against discrimination was revolution'
		Cuba’s Chinese heritage was a feature of the tour, from a dinner at the Chinese association’s hall in Ciego de ávila to a martial arts demonstration by junior high school students in Havana.
		He noted that the area was known for the outstanding role of combatants in the underground struggle against Batista and, after the victory of the revolution, in the successful battles in the early 1960s to crush counterrevolutionaries who sowed terror in the Escambray mountains.
		In the 1970s, he noted, Chinese advisors trained pro-imperialist troops from Zaire that were attacking Angola, while tens of thousands of internationalist Cuban volunteers fought alongside the Angolan army and defeated the invasions by the Zairian forces and the South African apartheid regime, a story that is told in the book.
	www.themilitant.com /2006/7043/704303.html (1699 words)

	Dear TOsalsa! Chinese to Chinese Discussion
		Whether it's LA or cuban style the fact that they are out in the scene and enjoying the music demonstrates how much latin music and culture brings joy to all different types of people.
		No offense to Cuban dancers as they are amazing to watcy but I have never seen a Cuban dancer that is a great let alone a good spinner.
		Cubans were dancing to the clave (the beat in salsa) in casino long before there ever was a New York or LA style.
	www.tosalsa.com /DearTOsalsa/dto_chinese.htm (2874 words)

	Gaslamp Quarter profile of Cuban Cigar Factory
		Cuban Cigar Factory also makes custom blends for their customers—mixing and matching different wrappers and tobacco blends for discriminating palettes.
		The popularity of Cuban Cigar Factory in San Diego is such that many companies have custom label cigars, including 101.5 KGB, the Hyatt, and the Hilton.
		Cuban Cigar Factory is a one-stop shop for cigar enthusiasts which offers customers a large selection of products and genuine Cuban seed cigars.
	www.gaslamp.org /prof-cuban.php (619 words)

	Chinese food around the world \| MetaFilter
		New Yorkers are familiar with Cuban-Chinese restaurants, owned by ethnic Chinese from Cuba who served steam tables of ropa vieja and chuletas right next to the pork fried rice and wonton soup.
		In Jamaica and Trinidad, Chinese immigrants pioneered jerk chicken lo mein and bok choy and callaloo stirfries.
		The Cubans attribute it to the very international roots of the country, and how Chinese men (around 80% of those who came in the 1800s from China were men) stayed behind and intermarried with the Spanish and African populations in Cuba.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/45316 (2969 words)

	Gotham Gazette -- The Citizen
		As the old generation of Cuban Chinese population in New York diminish, few of their descendants are holding on to the restaurant business that once was blooming everywhere in the city.
		Most Chinese fled overseas and many settled in Miami and New York, where the North American Cuban Chinese Benevolent Association is headquartered on East Broadway in Chinatown.
		Although most Cuban Chinese restaurants are run by second or third generation Chinese, the food they serve is more on the Cuban side.
	www.gothamgazette.com /citizen/jun03/original_cuban_chinese.shtml (897 words)

	PBS - "Ancestors in the Americas"
		As Chinese opium addiction grew to catastrophic proportions in the early 19th century, China's government moved to bring the illegal trade to a halt.
		Among the early coolie laborers were those who fought alongside Cuban plantation laborers in the uprisings to achieve liberation from Spain in the late 19th century.
		We see a Cuban monument to the "Chinos mambises," memorializing the "brave Chinese" who fought in that insurrection and remained to make new lives on the island to which they had been unwillingly brought.
	www.pbs.org /ancestorsintheamericas/program1_2.html (1030 words)

	Focus on Cuba
		More importantly for the regime's survival prospects, Chinese cargo ships laden with rice and bicycles were among the few vessels arriving regularly at the port of Havana in the early 1990s.
		In February 1999, Chi visited Havana (12) to finalize an agreement with Cuban counterpart Raul Castro to operate joint Sino-Cuban signals intelligence and electronic warfare facilities in the island, equipped (at China's expense) with the latest telecommunications hardware and fully integrated into Beijing's global satellite network.
		The words are Castro's, as cited in the press release by the Chinese embassy in Sweden.
	ctp.iccas.miami.edu /FOCUS_Web/Issue58.htm (1407 words)

	More Reports Of Chinese And Cuban Military On US - Mexican Border
		They are trained in Mexico by Cubans and Chinese, with a few expatriot Russians and Sandenistas thrown in for flavor.
		The Cubans wore olive green uniforms without markings and the Americans and Asian were wearing Mexican army fatigues.
		Numerous reports of Cuban military officials emerging from the desert and countryside to buy supplies and run them back to remote camps have sprouted up since the beginning of October.
	www.rense.com /general6/mexborder.htm (1720 words)

	Chinese ancestry, Cuban blood (Granma Daily, February 6, 2006)
		Quite revealing is Sio Wong's explanation in the last pages regarding the meaning of being Chinese in times before the Revolution and what being Cuban will represent for generations to come.
		About the former he says: "Before the Cuban Revolution, 95%, or maybe more, of us considered ourselves to be anticommunists, although we knew nothing about socialism.
		The Chinese character, a cook named Chop-Chop, was a racist caricature.
	www.walterlippmann.com /docs383.html (765 words)

	Cuban-Chinese Bond Emboldens Castro (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The latest Cuban Foreign Trade Ministry figures say buses, pressure cookers, light bulbs, refrigerators, television sets and bicycles from China are now flooding the Cuban economy.
		The Cuban Foreign Trade Ministry figures also point out that China is becoming a bigger investor in the Communist island.
		In an excellent article that ran during Christmas weekend, the Miami Herald reported that the Communist Chinese government plans several projects for massive investments in Cuba that are designed to keep the Castro government going.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1548405/posts (1734 words)

	eG Forums -> Peruvian-Chinese Cuisine
		But Muslim Chinese is probably more real and authentic (because of the Muslim influence in the western provinces and regions), although really just a lesser known subset of Chinese food.
		While there is some resemblence to American Chinese, they are also using Cuban-style roast pork in fried rice dishes, etc. La Caridad on 78th street in Manhattan is a good example of this (incidentally, this is one of my favorite places to eat fried rice and egg foo young in the city).
		Indian Chinese is a very distinct cuisine in and of itself, with a lot of fusion going on.
	forums.egullet.org /index.php?showtopic=86939 (1285 words)

	Fidel Castro and his Chinese Friends: Newsroom: The Independent Institute
		Consider that Washington watches China from military bases all over Asia, space satellites and surveillance planes, one of which was forced to land on the Chinese island of Hainan in early 2001 and precipitated the first Bush Administration showdown with the PRC.
		The base at Bejucal may have Chinese as well as Cuban agents, but at least some of the published information is overblown.
		They could range from China’s more intensive use of Cuban bases and contacts in the Americas, particularly under a post-Fidel authoritarian government, to Bejing deciding Fidel is too much of an expense and embarrassment to support, particularly if facilities in Cuba could be traded off in a deal with the U.S. on Taiwan.
	www.independent.org /newsroom/article.asp?id=1640 (845 words)

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