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| | Chinese History |
 | | Among the private gardens in Suzhou, the earliest in the historical records is the Pijiang (Territory-Expander's) Garden, built during the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420). |
 | | The construction of gardens thrived in successive dynasties, especially during the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911) dynasties, when Suzhou was a center of commerce and culture. |
 | | Since the gardens are small, various devices of composition, such as contrast, setting off, scale, structural gradation, and harmony with the surrounding scenery, were adopted. |
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