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| | Forerunner, Russian Expansion in China & Manchuria |
 | | Although the south Manchurian port of Newchwang was opened to foreign trade as early as 1858, it was only in the last decade of the 19th Century that the Chinese half of Manchuria came to the fore, again on Russian initiative. |
 | | In implementation of this agreement, a Convention was signed in Berlin on the 8th September 1896, between the Chinese Government and the Russo-Chinese Bank, creating the Chinese Eastern Railway Company, and handing over to it the necessary lands, with exclusive rights of administration. |
 | | Work on both railway lines was still proceeding when the Boxer rebellion broke out, and spread to Manchuria, where the rebels began to destroy the railway tracks, and opened fire on Russian shipping on the Amur river, exactly the kind of ill-devised provocative action most likely to invite Russian military intervention. |
| www.russojapanesewar.com /clark18.html (794 words) |
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